MVC路由机制
今天我来缕一下MVC的路由机制,因为使用MVC已经快一年了,之前也只是上手,没有系统去理会。项目完了,结合实际使用,回过头来深入一下。
MVC 学习索引(点击即可)
一个请求进入IIS后
传统ASP.NET 路由部分
1、IIS根据文件类型将请求转交给相应的处理程序,如果属于ASP.NET文件,则将请求转发给aspnet_isapi.dll。(注:在II6和IIS7上的处理方式是有区别的)
2、 HTTP处理模块UrlRoutingModule接收到请求后,循环调用其RouteCollection集合中的RouteBase对象,找出匹配的RouteBase。
3、根据匹配的RouteBase对象返回的RoueData对象,获取RouteHandler。
4、RouteHandler返回一个HTTP处理程序(IHttpHandler),最终通过此处理程序处理请求,生成应答内容。
5.、如果RouteHandler为MvcRouteHandler,并且其返回的HTTP处理程序为MvcHandler,则进入到MVC框架,MvcHandler对象负责调用适当的控制器和活动方法,生成应答内容。
MVC 路由部分
关键类说明
1、UrlRoutingModule类
此类事路由系统的核心类,其主要功能是根据请求上下文找出合适的RouteBase对象。属性RouteCollection是一个RouteBase对象集合,UrlRoutingModule接收到请求后,循环RouteCollection集合中的RouteBase对象,调用其GetRouteData方法,如果该方法返回的RouteData对象不为null,则终止循环,将RouteData对象存入RequestContext。然后根据RouteData的RouteHandler获取合适的IHttpHandler处理程序。
UrlRoutingModule实际上是一个ASP.NET的HTTP 处理模块,所以它通过配置文件的<httpMoudles>配置节点来添加的。
2、RouteTable类
用于存储应用程序的路由集合,静态属性Routes返回应用程序的路由集合,它实际等同于UrlRoutingModule的RouteCollection属性。通过RouteTable.Routes.Add方法可以添加自定义的RouteBase对象。
3、RouteBase类
表示一个ASP.NET路由的基类[System.Web.Routing],所有的路由都应该继承自此类。
GetRouteData方法检查传入的HttpContextBase信息是否符合路由规则,符合则返回一个RouteData对象,不符合则返回null,此方法由UrlRoutingModule类在循环RouteTable.Routes集合时调用。
GetVirtualPath方法根据路由数据生成相应的Url。
4、Route类
是RouteBase的一个实现,主要添加了几个属性:
Constraints: 对URL的约束条件
DataTokens:传递到路由处理程序的自定义值
Defaults:Url不包含指定参数时得默认值
RouteHandler:一个路由处理程序(IRouteHandler)
5、IRouteHandler接口
路由处理程序接口,包含一个GetHttpHandler方法,用于返回一个IHttpHandler处理程序对象。
6、MvcRouteHandler类
Mvc框架实现的一个路由处理程序,其GetHttpHandler方法返回一个MvcHandler对象
- #region IRouteHandler Members
- IHttpHandler IRouteHandler.GetHttpHandler(RequestContext requestContext) {
- return GetHttpHandler(requestContext);
- }
- #endregion
7、MvcHandler
由MvcRouteHandler返回,根据请求信息,调用合适的控制器和方法,生成应答内容。
- public class MvcHandler : IHttpAsyncHandler, IHttpHandler, IRequiresSessionState {
- private static readonly object _processRequestTag = new object();
- private ControllerBuilder _controllerBuilder;
- internal static readonly string MvcVersion = GetMvcVersionString();
- public static readonly string MvcVersionHeaderName = "X-AspNetMvc-Version";
- public MvcHandler(RequestContext requestContext) {
- if (requestContext == null) {
- throw new ArgumentNullException("requestContext");
- }
- RequestContext = requestContext;
- }
- internal ControllerBuilder ControllerBuilder {
- get {
- if (_controllerBuilder == null) {
- _controllerBuilder = ControllerBuilder.Current;
- }
- return _controllerBuilder;
- }
- set {
- _controllerBuilder = value;
- }
- }
- public static bool DisableMvcResponseHeader {
- get;
- set;
- }
- protected virtual bool IsReusable {
- get {
- return false;
- }
- }
- public RequestContext RequestContext {
- get;
- private set;
- }
- protected internal virtual void AddVersionHeader(HttpContextBase httpContext) {
- if (!DisableMvcResponseHeader) {
- httpContext.Response.AppendHeader(MvcVersionHeaderName, MvcVersion);
- }
- }
- protected virtual IAsyncResult BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state) {
- HttpContextBase iHttpContext = new HttpContextWrapper(httpContext);
- return BeginProcessRequest(iHttpContext, callback, state);
- }
- protected internal virtual IAsyncResult BeginProcessRequest(HttpContextBase httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, object state) {
- return SecurityUtil.ProcessInApplicationTrust(() => {
- IController controller;
- IControllerFactory factory;
- ProcessRequestInit(httpContext, out controller, out factory);
- IAsyncController asyncController = controller as IAsyncController;
- if (asyncController != null) {
- // asynchronous controller
- BeginInvokeDelegate beginDelegate = delegate(AsyncCallback asyncCallback, object asyncState) {
- try {
- return asyncController.BeginExecute(RequestContext, asyncCallback, asyncState);
- }
- catch {
- factory.ReleaseController(asyncController);
- throw;
- }
- };
- EndInvokeDelegate endDelegate = delegate(IAsyncResult asyncResult) {
- try {
- asyncController.EndExecute(asyncResult);
- }
- finally {
- factory.ReleaseController(asyncController);
- }
- };
- SynchronizationContext syncContext = SynchronizationContextUtil.GetSynchronizationContext();
- AsyncCallback newCallback = AsyncUtil.WrapCallbackForSynchronizedExecution(callback, syncContext);
- return AsyncResultWrapper.Begin(newCallback, state, beginDelegate, endDelegate, _processRequestTag);
- }
- else {
- // synchronous controller
- Action action = delegate {
- try {
- controller.Execute(RequestContext);
- }
- finally {
- factory.ReleaseController(controller);
- }
- };
- return AsyncResultWrapper.BeginSynchronous(callback, state, action, _processRequestTag);
- }
- });
- }
- protected internal virtual void EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult asyncResult) {
- SecurityUtil.ProcessInApplicationTrust(() => {
- AsyncResultWrapper.End(asyncResult, _processRequestTag);
- });
- }
- private static string GetMvcVersionString() {
- // DevDiv 216459:
- // This code originally used Assembly.GetName(), but that requires FileIOPermission, which isn‘t granted in
- // medium trust. However, Assembly.FullName *is* accessible in medium trust.
- return new AssemblyName(typeof(MvcHandler).Assembly.FullName).Version.ToString(2);
- }
- protected virtual void ProcessRequest(HttpContext httpContext) {
- HttpContextBase iHttpContext = new HttpContextWrapper(httpContext);
- ProcessRequest(iHttpContext);
- }
- protected internal virtual void ProcessRequest(HttpContextBase httpContext) {
- SecurityUtil.ProcessInApplicationTrust(() => {
- IController controller;
- IControllerFactory factory;
- ProcessRequestInit(httpContext, out controller, out factory);
- try {
- controller.Execute(RequestContext);
- }
- finally {
- factory.ReleaseController(controller);
- }
- });
- }
- private void ProcessRequestInit(HttpContextBase httpContext, out IController controller, out IControllerFactory factory) {
- // If request validation has already been enabled, make it lazy. This allows attributes like [HttpPost] (which looks
- // at Request.Form) to work correctly without triggering full validation.
- bool? isRequestValidationEnabled = ValidationUtility.IsValidationEnabled(HttpContext.Current);
- if (isRequestValidationEnabled == true) {
- ValidationUtility.EnableDynamicValidation(HttpContext.Current);
- }
- AddVersionHeader(httpContext);
- RemoveOptionalRoutingParameters();
- // Get the controller type
- string controllerName = RequestContext.RouteData.GetRequiredString("controller");
- // Instantiate the controller and call Execute
- factory = ControllerBuilder.GetControllerFactory();
- controller = factory.CreateController(RequestContext, controllerName);
- if (controller == null) {
- throw new InvalidOperationException(
- String.Format(
- CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
- MvcResources.ControllerBuilder_FactoryReturnedNull,
- factory.GetType(),
- controllerName));
- }
- }
- private void RemoveOptionalRoutingParameters() {
- RouteValueDictionary rvd = RequestContext.RouteData.Values;
- // Get all keys for which the corresponding value is ‘Optional‘.
- // ToArray() necessary so that we don‘t manipulate the dictionary while enumerating.
- string[] matchingKeys = (from entry in rvd
- where entry.Value == UrlParameter.Optional
- select entry.Key).ToArray();
- foreach (string key in matchingKeys) {
- rvd.Remove(key);
- }
- }
- #region IHttpHandler Members
- bool IHttpHandler.IsReusable {
- get {
- return IsReusable;
- }
- }
- void IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest(HttpContext httpContext) {
- ProcessRequest(httpContext);
- }
- #endregion
- #region IHttpAsyncHandler Members
- IAsyncResult IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, object extraData) {
- return BeginProcessRequest(context, cb, extraData);
- }
- void IHttpAsyncHandler.EndProcessRequest(IAsyncResult result) {
- EndProcessRequest(result);
- }
- #endregion
- }
值得一提的是,在MVC3中已经实现异步处理(IHttpAsyncHandler)
8、StopRoutingHandler类
表示一个“不处理URL的路由处理类”, 比如MVC在RouteCollection类型上扩展了一个IgnoreRoute方法,用于指示路由系统忽略处理指定的url。其实现方式是生成一个Route对象,指定其RouteHandler属性为一个StopRoutingHandler对象。
9、IRouteConstraint接口
用于构建Route.Constraints属性,表示一个约束条件。Match方法用于检查url是否符合路由规则,符合返回true,否则false。
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