.net解决数据导出excel时的格式问题

浏览数：47 / 时间：2015年06月09日

在项目中一般都需要将报表数据导出到EXCEL中，但经常出现导出长串数据(如身份证)到EXCEL中后显示为科学计数法的格式，或者报表中显示为001的数据导出到Excel后成了1的格式。

下面简单介绍一下以上问题的解决方法：

1、首先，了解一下excel从web页面上导出的原理。当我们把这些数据发送到客户端时，我们想让客户端程序（浏览器）以excel的格式读取它，所以把mime类型设为：application/vnd.ms-excel，当excel读取文件时会以每个cell的格式呈现数据，如果 cell没有规定的格式，则excel会以默认的格式去呈现该cell的数据。这样就给我们提供了自定义数据格式的空间，当然我们必须使用excel支持的格式。下面就列出常用的一些格式：

1）文本：vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:@

2）日期：vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:yyyy/mm/dd

3）数字：vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:#,##0.00

4）货币：vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:￥#,##0.00

5）百分比：vnd.ms-excel.numberformat: #0.00%

这些格式你也可以自定义，比如年月你可以定义为：yy-mm等等。那么知道了这些格式，怎么去把这些格式添加到cell中呢？下面以datagrid控件为例，介绍其格式化代码。

2、实例

 1 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
 2 <head runat="server">
 3     <title>导出数据到Excel</title>
 4 </head>
 5 <body>
 6     <form id="form1" runat="server">
 7     <div>
 8     
 9         <asp:DataGrid ID="DataGrid1" runat="server" 
10             onitemdatabound="DataGrid1_ItemDataBound" >
11         </asp:DataGrid>
12         <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" onclick="Button1_Click" Text="导出数据到Excel" />
13     
14     </div>
15     </form>
16 </body>
17 </html>

前台

 1 using System;
 2 using System.Collections;
 3 using System.Configuration;
 4 using System.Data;
 5 using System.Web;
 6 using System.Web.Security;
 7 using System.Web.UI;
 8 using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
 9 using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
10 using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;
11 
12 namespace FLX.ComplexQuery
13 {
14     public partial class OutPutExcel : System.Web.UI.Page
15     {
16         protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
17         {
18             DataGrid1.DataSource = CreateDataSource();
19             DataGrid1.DataBind();
20         }
21 
22         protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
23         {
24             Response.Clear();
25             Response.Buffer = true;
26             Response.Charset = "GB2312";
27             Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=FileName.xls");
28             Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312");//设置输出流为简体中文
29             Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";//设置输出文件类型为excel文件。 
30             this.EnableViewState = false;
31             System.Globalization.CultureInfo myCItrad = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("ZH-CN", true);
32             System.IO.StringWriter oStringWriter = new System.IO.StringWriter(myCItrad);
33             System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter oHtmlTextWriter = new System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter(oStringWriter);
34             this.DataGrid1.RenderControl(oHtmlTextWriter);
35             Response.Write(oStringWriter.ToString());
36             Response.End();
37         }
38 
39         ICollection CreateDataSource()
40         {
41 
42             DataTable dt = new DataTable();
43             DataRow dr;
44             dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("身份证号码", typeof(string)));
45             dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("图书单价", typeof(decimal)));
46             dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("购买数量", typeof(Int32)));
47             dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("总价格", typeof(decimal)));
48             for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++)
49             {
50                 dr = dt.NewRow();
51 
52                 dr[0] = "123456789123456789";
53                 dr[1] = 100 * i / 3.0;
54                 dr[2] = i + 5;
55                 dr[3] = (decimal)dr[1] * (Int32)dr[2];
56                 dt.Rows.Add(dr);
57             }
58             DataView dv = new DataView(dt);
59             return dv;
60         }
61 
62         protected void DataGrid1_ItemDataBound(object sender, DataGridItemEventArgs e)
63         {
64             if (e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.Item || e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.AlternatingItem)
65             {
66                 //将整个datagrid都格式化为文本格式
67                 int datagridcolumns; //datagrid显示列的数量,
68                 //获取显示列的数量可以从数据源那里进行获取
69                 //比如绑定DataGrid的数据源是DataSet                   
70                 //datagrid显示列的数量 = ds.tables[0].Columns.Count;  
71                 for (int i = 0; i < datagridcolumns; i++)
72                 {
73                     e.Item.Cells[i].Attributes.Add("style", "vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:@");
74                 }
75 
76                 //对需要格式化的列进行格式化
77                 //e.Item.Cells[0].Attributes.Add("style", "vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:@");
78                 //e.Item.Cells[2].Attributes.Add("style", "vnd.ms-excel.numberformat::#,##0.00");
79                // e.Item.Cells[3].Attributes.Add("style", "vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:￥#,###.00");          
80             }
81         }
82     }
83 }

后台

3、动态绑定数据源示例

 //导出
        function GetExcel() {
            var model = {};
            model.CompanyName = mini.get("CompanyName").getValue();
            model.DateFrom = mini.get("DateFrom").getValue();
            model.DateTo = mini.get("DateTo").getValue();
            var json = mini.encode(model);
            window.open("EntReport/SoftwareRP/Export?model=" + json);
        }

前台js方法

 1       /// <summary>
 2         /// 导出Excel
 3         /// </summary>
 4         /// <param name="model"></param>
 5         public void Export(string model)
 6         {
 7             DataTable table = new DataTable();
 8             Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string>();
 9             JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();
10             dic = js.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, string>>(model);
11             System.Data.DataSet ds = new ZhishiPatent_BLL().QueryDataSet(dic);
12             table = ds.Tables[0];
13 
14             Response.Clear();
15             Response.Buffer = true;
16             Response.Charset = "GB2312";//UTF-8
17             Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + "知识专利统计.xls");
18             Response.ContentEncoding = System.Text.Encoding.GetEncoding("GB2312");
19             Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel";
20             Response.Write(ImportToExcel(table));
21             Response.End();
22         }
23         /// <summary>
24         /// 设置样式
25         /// </summary>
26         /// <param name="table"></param>
27         /// <returns></returns>
28         private string ImportToExcel(DataTable table)
29         {
30             System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
31             DataGrid gv = new DataGrid();
32             gv.ItemDataBound += new DataGridItemEventHandler(gv_ItemDataBound);
33             gv.AlternatingItemStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
34             gv.AlternatingItemStyle.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(40, 71, 117);
35             gv.HeaderStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(93, 123, 157);
36             gv.HeaderStyle.Font.Bold = true;
37             gv.HeaderStyle.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
38             gv.HeaderStyle.VerticalAlign = VerticalAlign.Middle;
39             gv.HeaderStyle.HorizontalAlign = HorizontalAlign.Center;
40             gv.ItemStyle.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(247, 246, 233);
41             gv.ItemStyle.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.FromArgb(51, 51, 51);
42             gv.DataSource = table;
43             gv.DataBind();
44             System.IO.StringWriter oStringWriter = new System.IO.StringWriter(new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CN"));
45             System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter ht = new System.Web.UI.HtmlTextWriter(oStringWriter);
46             gv.RenderControl(ht);
47             return oStringWriter.ToString();
48         }
49 
50         private void gv_ItemDataBound(object sender, DataGridItemEventArgs e)
51         {
52             if (e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.Item || e.Item.ItemType == ListItemType.AlternatingItem)
53             {
54                 foreach (TableCell item in e.Item.Cells)
55                 {
56                     item.Attributes.Add("style", "vnd.ms-excel.numberformat: @");
57 
58                 }
59                 e.Item.Cells[5].HorizontalAlign = HorizontalAlign.Right;
60             }
61 
62         }