Mina、Netty、Twisted一起学(五):整合protobuf

protobuf是谷歌的Protocol Buffers的简称,用于结构化数据和字节码之间互相转换(序列化、反序列化),一般应用于网络传输,可支持多种编程语言。

protobuf如何使用这里不再介绍,本文主要介绍在MINA、Netty、Twisted中如何使用protobuf,不了解protobuf的同学可以去参考我的另一篇博文

前面的一篇博文中,有介绍到一种用一个固定为4字节的前缀Header来指定Body的字节数的一种消息分割方式,在这里同样要使用到。只是其中Body的内容不再是字符串,而是protobuf字节码。

在处理业务逻辑时,肯定不希望还要对数据进行序列化和反序列化,而是希望直接操作一个对象,那么就需要有相应的编码器和解码器,将序列化和反序列化的逻辑写在编码器和解码器中。有关编码器和解码器的实现,上一篇博文中有介绍。

Netty包中已经自带针对protobuf的编码器和解码器,那么就不用再自己去实现了。而MINA、Twisted还需要自己去实现protobuf的编码器和解码器。

这里定义一个protobuf数据结构,用于描述一个学生的信息,保存为StudentMsg.proto文件:

message Student {  
    // ID  
    required int32 id = 1;    
  
    // 姓名  
    required string name = 2;  
  
    // email  
    optional string email = 3;  
  
    // 朋友  
    repeated string friends = 4;  
}  

用StudentMsg.proto分别生成Java和Python代码,将代码加入到相应的项目中。生成的代码就不再贴上来了。

下面分别介绍在Netty、MINA、Twisted如何使用protobuf来传输Student信息。

Netty:

Netty自带protobuf的编码器和解码器,分别是ProtobufEncoder和ProtobufDecoder。需要注意的是,ProtobufEncoder和ProtobufDecoder只负责protobuf的序列化和反序列化,而处理消息Header前缀和消息分割的还需要LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder和LengthFieldPrepender。LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder即用于解析消息Header前缀,根据Header中指定的Body字节数截取Body,LengthFieldPrepender用于在wirte消息时在消息前面添加一个Header前缀来指定Body字节数。

public class TcpServer {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {  
        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();  
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();  
        try {  
            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();  
            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)  
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)  
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {  
                        @Override  
                        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch)  
                                throws Exception {  
                            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();  
    
                            // 负责通过4字节Header指定的Body长度将消息切割  
                            pipeline.addLast("frameDecoder",   
                                    new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(1048576, 0, 4, 0, 4));  
                              
                            // 负责将frameDecoder处理后的完整的一条消息的protobuf字节码转成Student对象  
                            pipeline.addLast("protobufDecoder",  
                                    new ProtobufDecoder(StudentMsg.Student.getDefaultInstance()));  
  
                            // 负责将写入的字节码加上4字节Header前缀来指定Body长度  
                            pipeline.addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(4));  
                              
                            // 负责将Student对象转成protobuf字节码  
                            pipeline.addLast("protobufEncoder", new ProtobufEncoder());  
  
                            pipeline.addLast(new TcpServerHandler());  
                        }  
                    });  
            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8080).sync();  
            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();  
        } finally {  
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();  
            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();  
        }  
    }  
} 

处理事件时,接收和发送的参数直接就是Student对象:

public class TcpServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {  
  
    @Override  
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) {  
          
        // 读取客户端传过来的Student对象  
        StudentMsg.Student student = (StudentMsg.Student) msg;  
        System.out.println("ID:" + student.getId());  
        System.out.println("Name:" + student.getName());  
        System.out.println("Email:" + student.getEmail());  
        System.out.println("Friends:");  
        List<String> friends = student.getFriendsList();  
        for(String friend : friends) {  
            System.out.println(friend);  
        }  
  
        // 新建一个Student对象传到客户端  
        StudentMsg.Student.Builder builder = StudentMsg.Student.newBuilder();  
        builder.setId(9);  
        builder.setName("服务器");  
        builder.setEmail("[email protected]");  
        builder.addFriends("X");  
        builder.addFriends("Y");  
        StudentMsg.Student student2 = builder.build();  
        ctx.writeAndFlush(student2);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {  
        cause.printStackTrace();  
        ctx.close();  
    }  
}  

MINA:

在MINA中没有针对protobuf的编码器和解码器,但是可以自己实现一个功能和Netty一样的编码器和解码器。

编码器:

public class MinaProtobufEncoder extends ProtocolEncoderAdapter {  
  
    @Override  
    public void encode(IoSession session, Object message,  
            ProtocolEncoderOutput out) throws Exception {  
  
        StudentMsg.Student student = (StudentMsg.Student) message;  
        byte[] bytes = student.toByteArray(); // Student对象转为protobuf字节码  
        int length = bytes.length;  
          
        IoBuffer buffer = IoBuffer.allocate(length + 4);  
        buffer.putInt(length); // write header  
        buffer.put(bytes); // write body  
        buffer.flip();  
        out.write(buffer);  
    }  
}  

解码器:

public class MinaProtobufDecoder extends CumulativeProtocolDecoder {  
  
    @Override  
    protected boolean doDecode(IoSession session, IoBuffer in,  
            ProtocolDecoderOutput out) throws Exception {  
  
        // 如果没有接收完Header部分(4字节),直接返回false  
        if (in.remaining() < 4) {  
            return false;  
        } else {  
  
            // 标记开始位置,如果一条消息没传输完成则返回到这个位置  
            in.mark();  
  
            // 读取header部分,获取body长度  
            int bodyLength = in.getInt();  
  
            // 如果body没有接收完整,直接返回false  
            if (in.remaining() < bodyLength) {  
                in.reset(); // IoBuffer position回到原来标记的地方  
                return false;  
            } else {  
                byte[] bodyBytes = new byte[bodyLength];  
                in.get(bodyBytes); // 读取body部分  
                StudentMsg.Student student = StudentMsg.Student.parseFrom(bodyBytes); // 将body中protobuf字节码转成Student对象  
                out.write(student); // 解析出一条消息  
                return true;  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}  

MINA服务器加入protobuf的编码器和解码器:

public class TcpServer {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {  
        IoAcceptor acceptor = new NioSocketAcceptor();  
  
        // 指定protobuf的编码器和解码器  
        acceptor.getFilterChain().addLast("codec",  
                new ProtocolCodecFilter(new MinaProtobufEncoder(), new MinaProtobufDecoder()));  
  
        acceptor.setHandler(new TcpServerHandle());  
        acceptor.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8080));  
    }  
}  

这样,在处理业务逻辑时,就和Netty一样了:

public class TcpServerHandle extends IoHandlerAdapter {  
  
    @Override  
    public void exceptionCaught(IoSession session, Throwable cause)  
            throws Exception {  
        cause.printStackTrace();  
    }  
      
    @Override  
    public void messageReceived(IoSession session, Object message)  
            throws Exception {  
  
        // 读取客户端传过来的Student对象  
        StudentMsg.Student student = (StudentMsg.Student) message;  
        System.out.println("ID:" + student.getId());  
        System.out.println("Name:" + student.getName());  
        System.out.println("Email:" + student.getEmail());  
        System.out.println("Friends:");  
        List<String> friends = student.getFriendsList();  
        for(String friend : friends) {  
            System.out.println(friend);  
        }  
  
        // 新建一个Student对象传到客户端  
        StudentMsg.Student.Builder builder = StudentMsg.Student.newBuilder();  
        builder.setId(9);  
        builder.setName("服务器");  
        builder.setEmail("[email protected]");  
        builder.addFriends("X");  
        builder.addFriends("Y");  
        StudentMsg.Student student2 = builder.build();  
        session.write(student2);  
    }  
}  

Twisted:

在Twisted中,首先定义一个ProtobufProtocol类,继承Protocol类,充当编码器和解码器。处理业务逻辑的TcpServerHandle类再继承ProtobufProtocol类,调用或重写ProtobufProtocol提供的方法。

# -*- coding:utf-8 –*-  
  
from struct import pack, unpack  
from twisted.internet.protocol import Factory  
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol  
from twisted.internet import reactor  
import StudentMsg_pb2  
  
# protobuf编码、解码器  
class ProtobufProtocol(Protocol):  
  
    # 用于暂时存放接收到的数据  
    _buffer = b""  
  
    def dataReceived(self, data):  
        # 上次未处理的数据加上本次接收到的数据  
        self._buffer = self._buffer + data  
        # 一直循环直到新的消息没有接收完整  
        while True:  
            # 如果header接收完整  
            if len(self._buffer) >= 4:  
                # header部分,按大字节序转int,获取body长度  
                length, = unpack(">I", self._buffer[0:4])  
                # 如果body接收完整  
                if len(self._buffer) >= 4 + length:  
                    # body部分,protobuf字节码  
                    packet = self._buffer[4:4 + length]  
                      
                    # protobuf字节码转成Student对象  
                    student = StudentMsg_pb2.Student()  
                    student.ParseFromString(packet)  
                      
                    # 调用protobufReceived传入Student对象  
                    self.protobufReceived(student)  
                      
                    # 去掉_buffer中已经处理的消息部分  
                    self._buffer = self._buffer[4 + length:]  
                else:  
                    break;  
            else:  
                break;  
  
    def protobufReceived(self, student):  
        raise NotImplementedError  
  
    def sendProtobuf(self, student):  
        # Student对象转为protobuf字节码  
        data = student.SerializeToString()  
        # 添加Header前缀指定protobuf字节码长度  
        self.transport.write(pack(">I", len(data)) + data)  
  
# 逻辑代码  
class TcpServerHandle(ProtobufProtocol):  
  
    # 实现ProtobufProtocol提供的protobufReceived  
    def protobufReceived(self, student):  
  
        # 将接收到的Student输出  
        print ID: + str(student.id)  
        print Name: + student.name  
        print Email: + student.email  
        print Friends:  
        for friend in student.friends:  
            print friend  
  
        # 创建一个Student并发送给客户端  
        student2 = StudentMsg_pb2.Student()  
        student2.id = 9  
        student2.name = 服务器.decode(UTF-8) # 中文需要转成UTF-8字符串  
        student2.email = [email protected]  
        student2.friends.append(X)  
        student2.friends.append(Y)  
        self.sendProtobuf(student2)  
  
factory = Factory()  
factory.protocol = TcpServerHandle  
reactor.listenTCP(8080, factory)  
reactor.run()  

下面是Java编写的一个客户端测试程序:

public class TcpClient {  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {  
  
        Socket socket = null;  
        DataOutputStream out = null;  
        DataInputStream in = null;  
          
        try {  
  
            socket = new Socket("localhost", 8080);  
            out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());  
            in = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());  
              
            // 创建一个Student传给服务器  
            StudentMsg.Student.Builder builder = StudentMsg.Student.newBuilder();  
            builder.setId(1);  
            builder.setName("客户端");  
            builder.setEmail("[email protected]");  
            builder.addFriends("A");  
            builder.addFriends("B");  
            StudentMsg.Student student = builder.build();  
            byte[] outputBytes = student.toByteArray(); // Student转成字节码  
            out.writeInt(outputBytes.length); // write header  
            out.write(outputBytes); // write body  
            out.flush();  
              
            // 获取服务器传过来的Student  
            int bodyLength = in.readInt();  // read header  
            byte[] bodyBytes = new byte[bodyLength];  
            in.readFully(bodyBytes);  // read body  
            StudentMsg.Student student2 = StudentMsg.Student.parseFrom(bodyBytes); // body字节码解析成Student  
            System.out.println("Header:" + bodyLength);  
            System.out.println("Body:");  
            System.out.println("ID:" + student2.getId());  
            System.out.println("Name:" + student2.getName());  
            System.out.println("Email:" + student2.getEmail());  
            System.out.println("Friends:");  
            List<String> friends = student2.getFriendsList();  
            for(String friend : friends) {  
                System.out.println(friend);  
            }  
  
        } finally {  
            // 关闭连接  
            in.close();  
            out.close();  
            socket.close();  
        }  
    }  
}  

用客户端分别测试上面三个TCP服务器:

服务器输出:

ID:1
Name:客户端
Email:[email protected]
Friends:
A
B

客户端输出:

Header:32
Body:
ID:9
Name:服务器
Email:[email protected]
Friends:
X
Y

郑重声明:本站内容如果来自互联网及其他传播媒体,其版权均属原媒体及文章作者所有。转载目的在于传递更多信息及用于网络分享,并不代表本站赞同其观点和对其真实性负责,也不构成任何其他建议。