protobuf-net

  protobuf是google的一个开源项目,可用于以下两种用途:

  (1)数据的存储(序列化和反序列化),类似于xml、json等;

  (2)制作网络通信协议。

  开源项目地址如下:https://code.google.com/p/protobuf-net/,下载解压后的目录如下所示,每个文件夹的详细介绍都在最后一个txt文件里面了。

  

  ProtoGen是用来根据***.proto文件生成对应的***.cs文件的,而做数据存储功能只需要用到protobuf-net.dll即可,至于使用哪个版本项目情况决定。下面的例子在Windows平台下新建一个C#的控制台工程,并引入ProtoBufNet\Full\net30\protobuf-net.dll,代码如下所示:

namespace TestProtoBuf
{
    [ProtoContract]
    public class Address
    {
        [ProtoMember(1)]
        public string Line1;
        [ProtoMember(2)]
        public string Line2;
    }

    [ProtoContract]
    public class Person
    {
        [ProtoMember(1)]
        public int Id;
        [ProtoMember(2)]
        public string Name;
        [ProtoMember(3)]
        public Address Addr;
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Person person = new Person();
            person.Id = 1;
            person.Name = "First";
            person.Addr = new Address { Line1="line1", Line2="line2"};

            // ProtoBuf序列化
            using(var file = System.IO.File.Create("Person.bin"))
            {
                ProtoBuf.Serializer.Serialize(file, person);
            }

            // ProtoBuf反序列化
            Person binPerson = null;
            using(var file = System.IO.File.OpenRead("Person.bin"))
            {
                binPerson = ProtoBuf.Serializer.Deserialize<Person>(file);
            }

            System.Console.WriteLine(binPerson.Name);
        }
    }
}

  可以看到序列化和反序列化的代码非常简单。

  protobuf提供了一种proto脚本用来编写***.proto文件,这种脚本格式简单、可读性强、方便扩展,用proto脚本定义网络协议是非常好用的。

  下面是一个proto脚本的简单例子:

message Person {
    required string name=1;
    required int32 id=2;
    optional string email=3;

    enum PhoneType {
        MOBILE=0;
        HOME=1;
        WORK=2;
    }

    message PhoneNumber {
        required string number=1;
        optional PhoneType type=2 [default=HOME];
    }

    repeated PhoneNumber phone=4;
}

  requied是必须有的字段、optional是可有可无的字段、repeated是可以重复的字段(数组或列表),同时枚举字段都必须给出默认值。

  接下来就可以使用ProgoGen来根据proto脚本生成源代码cs文件了,命令行如下:

  protogen -i:test.proto -0:test.cs -ns:MyProtoBuf

  -i指定了输入,-o指定了输出,-ns指定了生成代码的namespace,上面的proto脚本生成的源码如下:

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// <auto-generated>
//     This code was generated by a tool.
//
//     Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if
//     the code is regenerated.
// </auto-generated>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Generated from: file/pb.proto
namespace MyProtoBuf
{
  [global::System.Serializable, global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"Person")]
  public partial class Person : global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible
  {
    public Person() {}
    
    private string _name;
    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(1, IsRequired = true, Name=@"name", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]
    public string name
    {
      get { return _name; }
      set { _name = value; }
    }
    private int _id;
    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(2, IsRequired = true, Name=@"id", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.TwosComplement)]
    public int id
    {
      get { return _id; }
      set { _id = value; }
    }
    private string _email = "";
    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(3, IsRequired = false, Name=@"email", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]
    [global::System.ComponentModel.DefaultValue("")]
    public string email
    {
      get { return _email; }
      set { _email = value; }
    }
    private readonly global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber> _phone = new global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber>();
    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(4, Name=@"phone", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]
    public global::System.Collections.Generic.List<Person.PhoneNumber> phone
    {
      get { return _phone; }
    }
  
  [global::System.Serializable, global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"PhoneNumber")]
  public partial class PhoneNumber : global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible
  {
    public PhoneNumber() {}
    
    private string _number;
    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(1, IsRequired = true, Name=@"number", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.Default)]
    public string number
    {
      get { return _number; }
      set { _number = value; }
    }
    private Person.PhoneType _type = Person.PhoneType.HOME;
    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoMember(2, IsRequired = false, Name=@"type", DataFormat = global::ProtoBuf.DataFormat.TwosComplement)]
    [global::System.ComponentModel.DefaultValue(Person.PhoneType.HOME)]
    public Person.PhoneType type
    {
      get { return _type; }
      set { _type = value; }
    }
    private global::ProtoBuf.IExtension extensionObject;
    global::ProtoBuf.IExtension global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible.GetExtensionObject(bool createIfMissing)
      { return global::ProtoBuf.Extensible.GetExtensionObject(ref extensionObject, createIfMissing); }
  }
  
    [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoContract(Name=@"PhoneType")]
    public enum PhoneType
    {
            
      [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"MOBILE", Value=0)]
      MOBILE = 0,
            
      [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"HOME", Value=1)]
      HOME = 1,
            
      [global::ProtoBuf.ProtoEnum(Name=@"WORK", Value=2)]
      WORK = 2
    }
  
    private global::ProtoBuf.IExtension extensionObject;
    global::ProtoBuf.IExtension global::ProtoBuf.IExtensible.GetExtensionObject(bool createIfMissing)
      { return global::ProtoBuf.Extensible.GetExtensionObject(ref extensionObject, createIfMissing); }
  }
  
}

  to be continue...

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