搭建集群（apache+tomcat+mod_jk）

浏览数：81 / 时间：2015年06月09日

一个mod_jk,一个apache,二个tomcat；

apache版本      httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz
tomcat版本      apache-tomcat-6.0.41.tar.gz
jdk             jdk-6u13-linux-i586.bin
jk              tomcat-connectors-1.2.40-src.tar.gz

1.软件的安装；

2.配置文件的修改；

apache的配置文件主要有三个：httpd.conf,mod_jk.conf,workers.properties

httpd.conf配置文件主要引用mod.jk.so，和include mod_jk.conf配置文件；

mod_jk.conf配置文件主要引用workers.properties配置文件（httpd.conf直接引用也可以），对请求的处理，日志文件等；

workers.properties配置文件tomcat集群处理；

下面分别是配置文件内容：

httpd.conf：

#
# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file. It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2> for detailed information.
# In particular, see
# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html>
# for a discussion of each configuration directive.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do. They‘re here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
#
# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many
# of the server‘s control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the
# server will use that explicit path. If the filenames do *not* begin
# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so ‘log/access_log‘
# with ServerRoot set to ‘/www‘ will be interpreted by the
# server as ‘/www/log/access_log‘, where as ‘/log/access_log‘ will be
# interpreted as ‘/log/access_log‘.

#
# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server‘s
# configuration, error, and log files are kept.
#
# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path. If you point
# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to point the LockFile directive
# at a local disk. If you wish to share the same ServerRoot for multiple
# httpd daemons, you will need to change at least LockFile and PidFile.
#
ServerRoot "/usr/local/apache"

#
# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 127.0.0.1:80

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# have to place corresponding `LoadModule‘ lines at this location so the
# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.
# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l‘) do not need
# to be loaded here.
#
# Example:
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so
#
LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so
LoadModule authn_dbm_module modules/mod_authn_dbm.so
LoadModule authn_anon_module modules/mod_authn_anon.so
LoadModule authn_dbd_module modules/mod_authn_dbd.so
LoadModule authn_default_module modules/mod_authn_default.so
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so
LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so
LoadModule authz_dbm_module modules/mod_authz_dbm.so
LoadModule authz_owner_module modules/mod_authz_owner.so
LoadModule authz_default_module modules/mod_authz_default.so
LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so
LoadModule auth_digest_module modules/mod_auth_digest.so
LoadModule dbd_module modules/mod_dbd.so
LoadModule dumpio_module modules/mod_dumpio.so
LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so
LoadModule ext_filter_module modules/mod_ext_filter.so
LoadModule include_module modules/mod_include.so
LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so
LoadModule substitute_module modules/mod_substitute.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so
LoadModule log_forensic_module modules/mod_log_forensic.so
LoadModule logio_module modules/mod_logio.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
LoadModule mime_magic_module modules/mod_mime_magic.so
LoadModule cern_meta_module modules/mod_cern_meta.so
LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so
LoadModule ident_module modules/mod_ident.so
LoadModule usertrack_module modules/mod_usertrack.so
LoadModule unique_id_module modules/mod_unique_id.so
LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so
LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule proxy_scgi_module modules/mod_proxy_scgi.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
LoadModule dav_module modules/mod_dav.so
LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
LoadModule asis_module modules/mod_asis.so
LoadModule info_module modules/mod_info.so
LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so
LoadModule dav_fs_module modules/mod_dav_fs.so
LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
LoadModule imagemap_module modules/mod_imagemap.so
LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so
LoadModule speling_module modules/mod_speling.so
LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so

Include /usr/local/apache/conf/mod_jk.conf
LoadModule encoding_module modules/mod_encoding.so

<IfModule mod_encoding.c>
EncodingEngine on
NormalizeUsername on
SetServerEncoding GBK
DefaultClientEncoding UTF-8 GBK GB2312
AddClientEncoding "(Microsoft .* DAV $)" UTF-8 GBK GB2312
AddClientEncoding "Microsoft .* DAV" UTF-8 GBK GB2312
AddClientEncoding "Microsoft-WebDAV*" UTF-8 GBK GB2312
</IfModule>

<IfModule !mpm_netware_module>
<IfModule !mpm_winnt_module>
#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User daemon
Group daemon

</IfModule>
</IfModule>

# ‘Main‘ server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the ‘main‘
# server, which responds to any requests that aren‘t handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition. These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents. e.g. [email protected]
#
ServerAdmin [email protected]

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn‘t have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName localhost:80
#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/htqh_web"

#
# Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect
# to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that
# directory (and its subdirectories).
#
# First, we configure the "default" to be a very restrictive set of
# features.
#
<Directory />
 Options FollowSymLinks
 AllowOverride None
 Order deny,allow
 Deny from all
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something‘s not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.
#
<Directory "/var/www/html/htqh_web">
 #
 # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
 # or any combination of:
 # Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews
 #
 # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"
 # doesn‘t give it to you.
 #
 # The Options directive is both complicated and important. Please see
 # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/core.html#options
 # for more information.
 #
 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes

 #
 # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
 # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
 # Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
 #
 AllowOverride None

 #
 # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
 #
 Order allow,deny
 Allow from all

</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
 DirectoryIndex index.jsp
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<FilesMatch "^\.ht">
 Order allow,deny
 Deny from all
 Satisfy All
</FilesMatch>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host‘s errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
 #
 # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
 # a CustomLog directive (see below).
 #
 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

 <IfModule logio_module>
 # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
 </IfModule>

 #
 # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
 # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
 # container, they will be logged here. Contrariwise, if you *do*
 # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
 # logged therein and *not* in this file.
 #
 CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

 #
 # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
 # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
 #
 #CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
 #
 # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
 # exist in your server‘s namespace, but do not anymore. The client
 # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
 # Example:
 # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

 #
 # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
 # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
 # Example:
 # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
 #
 # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
 # require it to be present in the URL. You will also likely
 # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
 # the filesystem path.

 #
 # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
 # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
 # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
 # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
 # client. The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
 # directives as to Alias.
 #
 ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

<IfModule cgid_module>
 #
 # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX
 # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.
 #
 #Scriptsock logs/cgisock
</IfModule>

#
# "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "/usr/local/apache/cgi-bin">
 AllowOverride None
 Options None
 Order allow,deny
 Allow from all
</Directory>

#
# DefaultType: the default MIME type the server will use for a document
# if it cannot otherwise determine one, such as from filename extensions.
# If your server contains mostly text or HTML documents, "text/plain" is
# a good value. If most of your content is binary, such as applications
# or images, you may want to use "application/octet-stream" instead to
# keep browsers from trying to display binary files as though they are
# text.
#
DefaultType text/plain

<IfModule mime_module>
 #
 # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
 # filename extension to MIME-type.
 #
 TypesConfig conf/mime.types

 #
 # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
 # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
 #
 #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
 #
 # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
 # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
 #
 #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
 #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
 #
 # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
 # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
 #
 AddType application/x-compress .Z
 AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

 #
 # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
 # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
 # or added with the Action directive (see below)
 #
 # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
 # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
 #
 #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

 # For type maps (negotiated resources):
 #AddHandler type-map var

 #
 # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
 #
 # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
 # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
 #
 AddType text/html .shtml
 AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

#
# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
# contents of the file itself to determine its type. The MIMEMagicFile
# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
#
#MIMEMagicFile conf/magic

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#

#
# MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before
# returning the entire resource, or one of the special
# values ‘default‘, ‘none‘ or ‘unlimited‘.
# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.
#MaxRanges unlimited

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall is used to deliver
# files. This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
#
#EnableMMAP off
#EnableSendfile off

# Supplemental configuration
#
# The configuration files in the conf/extra/ directory can be
# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of
# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as
# necessary.

# Server-pool management (MPM specific)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

# Multi-language error messages
#Include conf/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf

# Fancy directory listings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf

# Language settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-languages.conf

# User home directories
#Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.conf

# Real-time info on requests and configuration
#Include conf/extra/httpd-info.conf

# Virtual hosts
#Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual
#Include conf/extra/httpd-manual.conf

# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)
#Include conf/extra/httpd-dav.conf

# Various default settings
#Include conf/extra/httpd-default.conf

# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
#
# Note: The following must must be present to support
# starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent
# but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.
#
<IfModule ssl_module>
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
</IfModule>

mod_jk.conf：

# 指出mod_jk模块工作所需要的工作文件workers.properties的位置
JkWorkersFile /usr/local/apache/conf/workers.properties

# Where to put jk logs
JkLogFile /usr/local/apache/logs/mod_jk.log

# Set the jk log level [debug/error/info]
JkLogLevel debug

# Select the log format
JkLogStampFormat "[%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y]"

# JkOptions indicate to send SSL KEY SIZE,
JkOptions +ForwardKeySize +ForwardURICompat -ForwardDirectories

# JkRequestLogFormat set the request format
JkRequestLogFormat "%w %V %T"

# 将所有servlet 和jsp请求通过ajp13的协议送给Tomcat，让Tomcat来处理
JkMount /servlet/* tomcatlist
JkMount /*.jsp      tomcatlist
JkMount /*.action   tomcatlist
JkMount /*.do       tomcatlist

workers.properties：

# Defining a worker named worker1 and of type ajp13
worker.list=tomcatlist

# Set properties for worker1
#worker.worker1.type=ajp13
#worker.worker1.host=localhost
#worker.worker1.port=11009
#worker.worker1.lbfactor=50
#worker.worker1.cachesize=10
#worker.worker1.cache_timeout=600
#worker.worker1.socket_keepalive=1
#worker.worker1.socket_timeout=300

#worker.worker2.type=ajp13
#worker.worker2.host=localhost
#worker.worker2.port=12009
#worker.worker2.lbfactor=50
#worker.worker2.cachesize=10
#worker.worker2.cache_timeout=600
#worker.worker2.socket_keepalive=1
#worker.worker2.socket_timeout=300

worker.tomcat1.port=11009
worker.tomcat1.host=localhost
worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat1.lbfactor = 1

worker.tomcat2.port=12009
worker.tomcat2.host=localhost
worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat2.lbfactor = 1

worker.tomcat3.port=13009
worker.tomcat3.host=192.168.0.126
worker.tomcat3.type=ajp13
worker.tomcat3.lbfactor = 1

worker.tomcatlist.type=lb
worker.tomcatlist.balanced_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2,tomcat3
worker.tomcatlist.sticky_session=1
worker.tomcatlist.sticky_session_force=0

以上是个人的配置文件，其中包括了mod_encoding处理中文url的.so文件；

特别说明：

/*********************************以下是我测试的结果，因为不理解下面这个是什么意思
sticky_session sticky_session_force            含义
    true            false           SESSION会复制，有粘性
    true            true            SESSION不复制，有粘性
    false           false           SESSION会复制，无粘性
    false           true            SESSION会复制，无粘性

1 ：true；0：false

worker.controller.sticky_session=1
worker.controller.sticky_session_force=0
一次请求中 session 只会在一个tomcat上，当该tomcat奔溃后，请求会跳转到其他tomcat上，但是其session不会复制到跳转后的tomcat上

worker.controller.sticky_session=0
worker.controller.sticky_session_force=0
每次请求都会跳转到其他tomcat上，（如果有AB两个tomcat负载均衡值都为1，第一次请求A session为A1，第二次请求跳转到B session B2，第三次又回到A session为 A1 和 A3，第四次跳转到B session 为 B2 和 B4

worker.controller.sticky_session=1
worker.controller.sticky_session_force=1
一次请求中 session 只会在一个tomcat上，当该tomcat奔溃后，服务端会返回Service Temporarily Unavailable：The server is
temporarily unable to service your request due to maintenance downtime or capacity problems. Please try again later.

worker.controller.sticky_session=0
worker.controller.sticky_session_force=1
每次请求都会跳转到其他tomcat上，（如果有AB两个tomcat负载均衡值都为1，第一次请求A session为A1，第二次请求跳转到B session B2，第三次又回到A session为A3，第四次跳转到B session B4，即每次跳转都不会带上session，也不会保留原有的session

特别注意：

ajp的端口号一定要与tomcat的servlet.xml的配置文件

port端口一致；

多个tomcat,jvmRoute最好不一样；

同一台服务器多个tomcat,端口号一定要不一样；

以下是一个server.xml的配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<Server port="8007" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">


<Listener SSLEngine="on" className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"/>

<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JasperListener"/>

<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener"/>

<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.ServerLifecycleListener"/>
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener"/>


<GlobalNamingResources>
 
 <Resource auth="Container" description="User database that can be updated and saved" factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory" name="UserDatabase" pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"/>
</GlobalNamingResources>


<Service name="Catalina">

 
 


 
 <Connector connectionTimeout="20000" port="8070" protocol="HTTP/1.1" redirectPort="8443"/>
 
 
 
 

 
 <Connector port="13009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443"/>

 

 
 <Engine defaultHost="localhost" name="Catalina" jvmRoute="tomcat3">

 

 <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8"/>



 
 

 
 <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm" resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

 
 <Host appBase="webapps" autoDeploy="true" name="localhost" unpackWARs="true" xmlNamespaceAware="false" xmlValidation="false">

 
 

 
 

 </Host>
 </Engine>
</Service>
</Server>

3.测试；

apache,tomcat启动；

测试用的jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"%>

<%@ page import="java.util.*"%>

<html>

<head>

 <title>我是192.168.0.126</title>

</head>

<body>

 <%

 out.println("Server Info=" + request.getLocalAddr() +" : " + request.getLocalPort()+" ");

 out.println("Session ID=" + session.getId()+" ");

 %>

 <%

 String dataName = request.getParameter("dataName");

 if (dataName !=null && dataName.length() > 0) {

 String dataValue = request.getParameter("dataValue");

 session.setAttribute(dataName, dataValue);

 }

 out.println("Session列表 ");

 System.out.println("Session列表");

 Enumeration e = session.getAttributeNames();

 while (e.hasMoreElements()) {

 String name = (String)e.nextElement();

 String value = session.getAttribute(name).toString();

 out.println( name + " = " + value+" ");

 System.out.println( name +" = " + value);

 }

 %>

 <formaction="test2.jsp"method="POST">

 名称:<inputtype=textsize=20name="dataName"> 

 值:<inputtype=textsize=20name="dataValue"> 

 <inputtype=submittext="提交">

 </form>

</body>

</html>