android学习二十二(使用SAX解析xml)

          上一篇博客是使用Pull解析xml文件的,Pull解析方式虽然非常好用,但它并不是我们唯一的选择。SAX解析也是一种特别常用的XML解析方式,虽然它的用法比Pull解析复杂,但在语义方面会更加的清楚。

        通常情况下我们都会新建一个类继承自DefaultHandler,并重写父类的五个方法,如下所示:

package com.jack.networktest;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler {

	@Override
	public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
			throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.characters(ch, start, length);
	}

	@Override
	public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.endDocument();
	}

	@Override
	public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
			throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
	}

	@Override
	public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.startDocument();
	}

	@Override
	public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
			Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes);
	}

}


       startDocument()方法会在开始xml解析的时候调用,startElement方法会在开始解析某个节点的时候调用,
 characters方法会在获取节点中内容的时候调用,endElement方法会在完成解析某个结点的时候调用,endDocument()方法会在完成xml解析的时候调用。其中,startElement, characters和endElement这三个方法是有参数的,从xml中解析出的数据就会以参数的形式传入到这些方法中。需要注意的是,在获取结点中内容时,characters方法可能会被调用多次,一些换行符也被当作内容解析出来,我们需要针对这种情况在代码中做好控制。
        那么下面就让我们尝试调用SAX解析的方式来实现和前面博客同样的功能。新建一个ContentHandler类继承自
   DefaultHandler,并重写父类的五个方法,如下所示: 

package com.jack.networktest;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

import android.util.Log;

public class ContentHandler extends DefaultHandler {

	private String nodeName;
	private StringBuilder id;
	private StringBuilder name;
	private StringBuilder version;
	@Override
	public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
			throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//super.characters(ch, start, length);
		//根据当前的结点名判断将内容添加到哪一个StringBuilder对象中
		if("id".equals(nodeName)){
			id.append(ch,start,length);
			//Log.d("ContentHandler", "id.append(ch,start,length); "+id.toString().trim());
		}else if("name".equals(nodeName)){
			name.append(ch,start,length);
		}else if("version".equals(nodeName)){
			version.append(ch,start,length);
		}
	}
	@Override
	public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//super.endDocument();
	}
	@Override
	public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
			throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
		if("app".equals(localName)){
			Log.d("ContentHandler", "id is "+id.toString().trim());
			Log.d("ContentHandler", "name is "+name.toString().trim());
			Log.d("ContentHandler", "version is "+version.toString().trim());
			//最后要将StringBuilder清空掉
			id.setLength(0);
			name.setLength(0);
			version.setLength(0);
			//Log.d("ContentHandler", "app app app app =  "+nodeName);
		}
		//Log.d("ContentHandler", "endElement  ="+localName);
	}
	@Override
	public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//super.startDocument();
		id=new StringBuilder();
		name=new StringBuilder();
		version=new StringBuilder();
	}
	@Override
	public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
			Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes);
		nodeName = localName;//记录当前节点名
		//Log.d("ContentHandler", "startElement localname= "+localName);
	}
	
}

我们首先给id,name和version结点分别定义了一个StringBuilder对象,并在startDocument方法里对
它们进行了初始化。每当开始解析某个结点的时候,startElement方法就会得到调用,其中localName参数记录着当前
结点的名字,这里我们把它记录下来。接着在解析结点中具体内容的时候就会调用characters方法,我们会根据当前结点名进行判断,将解析出的内容添加到哪一个StringBuilder对象中。最后在endElement方法中进行判断,如果app结点已经解析完成,就打印出id,name和version的内容。需要注意的是,目前id,name和version中都可能是包括回车或换行符的,因此在我们打印之前我们还需要调用一下trim()方法,并且打印完成后还要将StringBuilder的内容清空掉,不然的话会影响下一次内容的读取。
接下来的工作就是修改MainActivity中的代码,如下所示:

package com.jack.networktest;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.ResponseHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.conn.ClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.params.HttpParams;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;

import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{

	public static final int SHOW_RESPONSE=0;
	private Button sendRequest=null;
	private TextView responseText=null;
	
	private Handler handler=new Handler(){

		@Override
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			super.handleMessage(msg);
			switch(msg.what){
			case SHOW_RESPONSE:
				String response=(String) msg.obj;
				//在这里进行UI操作,将结果显示到界面上
				responseText.setText(response);
				break;
			default:
				break;
			}
			
		}
		
	};
	
	
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		sendRequest=(Button) findViewById(R.id.send_request);
		responseText=(TextView) findViewById(R.id.response_text);
		sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
		
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(v.getId()==R.id.send_request){
			//sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
			sendRequestWithHttpClient();
		}
		
	}
	
	
	private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection(){
		//开启线程来发起网络请求
		new Thread(new Runnable(){

			@Override
			public void run() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				HttpURLConnection connection=null;
				
				try {
					URL url=new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
					connection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
					connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
					connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
					connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
					InputStream in=connection.getInputStream();
					//下面对获取到的输入流进行读取
					BufferedReader reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
					StringBuilder response=new StringBuilder();
					String line;
					while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
						response.append(line);
					}
					Message message=new Message();
					message.what=SHOW_RESPONSE;
					//将服务器返回的结果存放到Message中
					message.obj=response.toString();
					handler.sendMessage(message);
					
					
				} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}catch(Exception e){
					e.printStackTrace();
				}finally{
					if(connection!=null){
						connection.disconnect();
					}
				}
			}
			
		}).start();
		
		
	}
	
	
	private void sendRequestWithHttpClient(){
		new Thread(new Runnable(){

			@Override
			public void run() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				try{
					HttpClient httpClient=new DefaultHttpClient() ;
					//HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
					//指定访问的服务器地址是电脑本机,10.0.2.2对模拟器来说就是电脑本机的ip地址
					//8080为端口号
					HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet("http://10.0.2.2:8080/get_data.xml");
					HttpResponse httpResponse=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
					if(httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){
						//请求和响应都成功了
						HttpEntity entity=httpResponse.getEntity();
						String response=EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8");
						//调用parseXMLWithPull方法解析服务器返回的数据
						//parseXMLWithPull(response);
						
						//调用parseXMLWithSAX方法解析服务器返回的数据
						parseXMLWithSAX(response);
						Message message=new Message();
						message.what=SHOW_RESPONSE;
						//将服务器返回的结果存放到Message中
						message.obj=response.toString();
						handler.sendMessage(message);
					}
				}catch(Exception e){
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
			
		}).start();
		
	}
	
	//使用Pull解析xml
	private void parseXMLWithPull(String xmlData){
		//Log.d("MainActivity", "parseXMLWithPull(String xmlData)");
		try{
			//获取到XmlPullParserFactory的实例,并借助这个实例得到XmlPullParser对象
			XmlPullParserFactory factory=XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
			XmlPullParser xmlPullParser=factory.newPullParser();
			//调用XmlPullParser的setInput方法将服务器返回的xml数据设置进去开始解析
			xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
			//通过getEventType()方法得到当前解析事件
			int eventType=xmlPullParser.getEventType();
			String id="";
			String name="";
			String version="";
			while(eventType!=XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT){
				//通过getName()方法得到当前节点的名字,如果发现节点名等于id、name、或version
				//就调用nextText()方法来获取结点具体的内容,每当解析完一个app结点就将获取到的内容打印出来
				String nodeName=xmlPullParser.getName();
				//Log.d("MainActivity",""+eventType+ " nodeName= "+nodeName);
				switch(eventType){
				//开始解析某个节点
				case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:{
					if("id".equals(nodeName)){
						id=xmlPullParser.nextText();
					}else if("name".equals(nodeName)){
						name=xmlPullParser.nextText();
					}else if("version".equals(nodeName)){
						version=xmlPullParser.nextText();
					}
					break;
				}
				case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:{
					if("app".equals(nodeName)){
						Log.d("MainActivity", "id is "+id);
						Log.d("MainActivity", "name is "+name);
						Log.d("MainActivity", "version is "+version);
					}
					break;
				}
				default:
					break;
				}
				//调用next()方法获取到下一个解析事件
				eventType=xmlPullParser.next();
			}
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	
	//进行SAX解析的函数
	private void parseXMLWithSAX(String xmlData){
		/*
		 * parseXMLWithSAX方法中先创建一个SAXParserFactory的对象,然后再获取到
		 * XMLReader对象,接着将我们编写的ContentHandler的实例设置到XMLReader中,
		 * 最后调用parse()方法开始执行解析。
		 * */
		try{
			SAXParserFactory factory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
			XMLReader xmlReader=factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
			ContentHandler handler=new ContentHandler();
			//将ContentHandler的实例设置到XMLReader中
			xmlReader.setContentHandler(handler);
			//开始执行解析
			xmlReader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlData)));
			
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	
	
	

}

现在重新运行一下程序,点击send request按钮,观察打印的日志如下所示:

技术分享



到这里SAX解析xml就结束,xml还有一种dom的解析方式,也可以用来解析xml。



http://blog.csdn.net/j903829182/article/details/42499209


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