android 内部类的优化
developer.android.com 文档中有一篇关于性能的文章,里面提到了内部类的使用。文章建议“对于私有内部类 使用 包訪问权限取代私有权限訪问”,
这里说的是在内部类訪问外部类的成员或方法时假设 内部类是私有的而且外部类的成员也是私有的,那么编译器就会为内部类在外部类中添加一个静态方法。
真的是这种吗?仅仅有试一试才知道。
我们使用一个简单的样例来測试下:
public class One { private int a; private class B{ public int getA(){ return a; } } }
上边的代码为One创建了一个私有的内部类B,而且B中有一个方法訪问到了 One中的私有成员 a。我们把上边的代码编译成 dex文件后导出程序的指令码与类信息。
导出的结果例如以下:
Processing ‘one.dex‘... Opened ‘one.dex‘, DEX version ‘035‘ Class #0 - Class descriptor : ‘LOne$B;‘ Access flags : 0x0000 () Superclass : ‘Ljava/lang/Object;‘ Interfaces - Static fields - Instance fields - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘this$0‘ type : ‘LOne;‘ access : 0x1010 (FINAL SYNTHETIC) Direct methods - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘<init>‘ type : ‘(LOne;)V‘ access : 0x10002 (PRIVATE CONSTRUCTOR) code - registers : 2 ins : 2 outs : 1 insns size : 6 16-bit code units 0001a0: |[0001a0] One.B.<init>:(LOne;)V 0001b0: 5b01 0000 |0000: iput-object v1, v0, LOne$B;.this$0:LOne; // field@0000 0001b4: 7010 0400 0000 |0002: invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/Object;.<init>:()V // method@0004 0001ba: 0e00 |0005: return-void catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=7 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0006 reg=0 this LOne$B; Virtual methods - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘getA‘ type : ‘()I‘ access : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) code - registers : 2 ins : 1 outs : 1 insns size : 7 16-bit code units 0001bc: |[0001bc] One.B.getA:()I 0001cc: 5410 0000 |0000: iget-object v0, v1, LOne$B;.this$0:LOne; // field@0000 0001d0: 7110 0300 0000 |0002: invoke-static {v0}, LOne;.access$0:(LOne;)I // method@0003 0001d6: 0a00 |0005: move-result v0 0001d8: 0f00 |0006: return v0 catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=10 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0007 reg=1 this LOne$B; source_file_idx : 10 (One.java) Class #1 - Class descriptor : ‘LOne;‘ Access flags : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) Superclass : ‘Ljava/lang/Object;‘ Interfaces - Static fields - Instance fields - #0 : (in LOne;) name : ‘a‘ type : ‘I‘ access : 0x0002 (PRIVATE) Direct methods - #0 : (in LOne;) name : ‘<init>‘ type : ‘()V‘ access : 0x10001 (PUBLIC CONSTRUCTOR) code - registers : 1 ins : 1 outs : 1 insns size : 4 16-bit code units 0001dc: |[0001dc] One.<init>:()V 0001ec: 7010 0400 0000 |0000: invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/Object;.<init>:()V // method@0004 0001f2: 0e00 |0003: return-void catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=3 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0004 reg=0 this LOne; #1 : (in LOne;) name : ‘access$0‘ type : ‘(LOne;)I‘ access : 0x1008 (STATIC SYNTHETIC) code - registers : 2 ins : 1 outs : 0 insns size : 3 16-bit code units 0001f4: |[0001f4] One.access$0:(LOne;)I 000204: 5210 0100 |0000: iget v0, v1, LOne;.a:I // field@0001 000208: 0f00 |0002: return v0 catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=5 locals : Virtual methods - source_file_idx : 10 (One.java)
哈看到没 One中多一个方法,而我们的源代码中是没有的。
One.access$0:(LOne;)I
如今我们把源代码改下
public class One { private int a; class B{ public int getA(){ return a; } } }
然后在编译,导出:
Processing ‘one.dex‘... Opened ‘one.dex‘, DEX version ‘035‘ Class #0 - Class descriptor : ‘LOne$B;‘ Access flags : 0x0000 () Superclass : ‘Ljava/lang/Object;‘ Interfaces - Static fields - Instance fields - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘this$0‘ type : ‘LOne;‘ access : 0x1010 (FINAL SYNTHETIC) Direct methods - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘<init>‘ type : ‘(LOne;)V‘ access : 0x10000 (CONSTRUCTOR) code - registers : 2 ins : 2 outs : 1 insns size : 6 16-bit code units 0001a0: |[0001a0] One.B.<init>:(LOne;)V 0001b0: 5b01 0000 |0000: iput-object v1, v0, LOne$B;.this$0:LOne; // field@0000 0001b4: 7010 0400 0000 |0002: invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/Object;.<init>:()V // method@0004 0001ba: 0e00 |0005: return-void catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=7 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0006 reg=0 this LOne$B; Virtual methods - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘getA‘ type : ‘()I‘ access : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) code - registers : 2 ins : 1 outs : 1 insns size : 7 16-bit code units 0001bc: |[0001bc] One.B.getA:()I 0001cc: 5410 0000 |0000: iget-object v0, v1, LOne$B;.this$0:LOne; // field@0000 0001d0: 7110 0300 0000 |0002: invoke-static {v0}, LOne;.access$0:(LOne;)I // method@0003 0001d6: 0a00 |0005: move-result v0 0001d8: 0f00 |0006: return v0 catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=10 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0007 reg=1 this LOne$B; source_file_idx : 10 (One.java) Class #1 - Class descriptor : ‘LOne;‘ Access flags : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) Superclass : ‘Ljava/lang/Object;‘ Interfaces - Static fields - Instance fields - #0 : (in LOne;) name : ‘a‘ type : ‘I‘ access : 0x0002 (PRIVATE) Direct methods - #0 : (in LOne;) name : ‘<init>‘ type : ‘()V‘ access : 0x10001 (PUBLIC CONSTRUCTOR) code - registers : 1 ins : 1 outs : 1 insns size : 4 16-bit code units 0001dc: |[0001dc] One.<init>:()V 0001ec: 7010 0400 0000 |0000: invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/Object;.<init>:()V // method@0004 0001f2: 0e00 |0003: return-void catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=3 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0004 reg=0 this LOne; #1 : (in LOne;) name : ‘access$0‘ type : ‘(LOne;)I‘ access : 0x1008 (STATIC SYNTHETIC) code - registers : 2 ins : 1 outs : 0 insns size : 3 16-bit code units 0001f4: |[0001f4] One.access$0:(LOne;)I 000204: 5210 0100 |0000: iget v0, v1, LOne;.a:I // field@0001 000208: 0f00 |0002: return v0 catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=5 locals : Virtual methods - source_file_idx : 10 (One.java)依旧有附加的方法
One.access$0:(LOne;)I
public class One { int a; class B{ public int getA(){ return a; } } }
在编译 导出
Processing ‘one.dex‘... Opened ‘one.dex‘, DEX version ‘035‘ Class #0 - Class descriptor : ‘LOne$B;‘ Access flags : 0x0000 () Superclass : ‘Ljava/lang/Object;‘ Interfaces - Static fields - Instance fields - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘this$0‘ type : ‘LOne;‘ access : 0x1010 (FINAL SYNTHETIC) Direct methods - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘<init>‘ type : ‘(LOne;)V‘ access : 0x10000 (CONSTRUCTOR) code - registers : 2 ins : 2 outs : 1 insns size : 6 16-bit code units 000184: |[000184] One.B.<init>:(LOne;)V 000194: 5b01 0000 |0000: iput-object v1, v0, LOne$B;.this$0:LOne; // field@0000 000198: 7010 0300 0000 |0002: invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/Object;.<init>:()V // method@0003 00019e: 0e00 |0005: return-void catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=7 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0006 reg=0 this LOne$B; Virtual methods - #0 : (in LOne$B;) name : ‘getA‘ type : ‘()I‘ access : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) code - registers : 2 ins : 1 outs : 0 insns size : 5 16-bit code units 0001a0: |[0001a0] One.B.getA:()I 0001b0: 5410 0000 |0000: iget-object v0, v1, LOne$B;.this$0:LOne; // field@0000 0001b4: 5200 0100 |0002: iget v0, v0, LOne;.a:I // field@0001 0001b8: 0f00 |0004: return v0 catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=10 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0005 reg=1 this LOne$B; source_file_idx : 9 (One.java) Class #1 - Class descriptor : ‘LOne;‘ Access flags : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) Superclass : ‘Ljava/lang/Object;‘ Interfaces - Static fields - Instance fields - #0 : (in LOne;) name : ‘a‘ type : ‘I‘ access : 0x0000 () Direct methods - #0 : (in LOne;) name : ‘<init>‘ type : ‘()V‘ access : 0x10001 (PUBLIC CONSTRUCTOR) code - registers : 1 ins : 1 outs : 1 insns size : 4 16-bit code units 0001bc: |[0001bc] One.<init>:()V 0001cc: 7010 0300 0000 |0000: invoke-direct {v0}, Ljava/lang/Object;.<init>:()V // method@0003 0001d2: 0e00 |0003: return-void catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=3 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0004 reg=0 this LOne; Virtual methods - source_file_idx : 9 (One.java)
已经没有附加的方法了。
假设外部类的成员是包訪问的,内部类是私有的相同也不会产生附加的方法。
内部类对外部类成员的訪问是不能直接訪问私有成员的,编译器会添加额外的辅助方法,避免的方法是改动外部类的成员为包訪问,文档中也提到了这会在一定程度上破坏
封装。
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