Android中通过反射来设置显示时间

这个Toast的显示在Android中的用途还是很大的，同时我们也知道toast显示的时间是不可控的，我们只能修改他的显示样式和显示的位置，虽然他提供了一个显示时间的设置方法，但是那是没有效果的(后面会说到)，他有两个静态的常量Toast.SHORT和Toast.LONG，这个在后面我会在源码中看到这个两个时间其实是2.5s和3s。那么我们如果真想控制toast的显示时间该怎么办呢？真的是无计可施了吗？天无绝人之路，而且Linux之父曾经说过：遇到问题就去看那个操蛋的源代码吧！！下面就从源代码开始分析怎么设置toast的显示时间的。

Toast的源代码：
我们平常使用的makeText方法：

/**
     * Make a standard toast that just contains a text view.
     *
     * @param context  The context to use.  Usually your {@link android.app.Application}
     *                 or {@link android.app.Activity} object.
     * @param text     The text to show.  Can be formatted text.
     * @param duration How long to display the message.  Either {@link #LENGTH_SHORT} or
     *                 {@link #LENGTH_LONG}
     *
     */
    public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, int duration) {
        Toast result = new Toast(context);

        LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater)
                context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null);
        TextView tv = (TextView)v.findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.message);
        tv.setText(text);
        
        result.mNextView = v;
        result.mDuration = duration;

        return result;
    }

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
/* //device/apps/common/res/layout/transient_notification.xml
**
** Copyright 2006, The Android Open Source Project
**
** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
** You may obtain a copy of the License at
**
**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
** limitations under the License.
*/
-->

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:background="?android:attr/toastFrameBackground">

    <TextView
        android:id="@android:id/message"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Toast"
        android:textColor="@color/bright_foreground_dark"
        android:shadowColor="#BB000000"
        android:shadowRadius="2.75"
        />

</LinearLayout>

看到了这个布局是如此的简单，里面显示的内容就是使用TextView来操作的，当然我们也可以修改这个布局的，他提供了一个setView方法，我们可以自定义样式来进行显示的：

Toast toast = new Toast(this);
View v = LayoutInflater.from(this).inflate(R.layout.activity_main, null);
toast.setView(v);
toast.show();

同时我们也可以看到Toast.makeText方法也会返回一个Toast，在这个方法里我们看到他是使用系统的布局文件，然后在哪个TextView中进行显示内容，同时返回这个Toast,所以如果我们想得到这个系统的显示View可以使用这个方法得到一个Toast,然后再调用getView方法就可以得到了，同时我们也是可以在这个view上继续加一下我们相加的控件，但是这样做是没必要的，这里只是说一下。

下面接着来看一下显示的show方法吧：

    /**
     * Show the view for the specified duration.
     */
    public void show() {
        if (mNextView == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");
        }

        INotificationManager service = getService();
        String pkg = mContext.getPackageName();
        TN tn = mTN;
        tn.mNextView = mNextView;

        try {
            service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // Empty
        }
    }

这个方法很简单的，首先获取一个服务，然后将我们需要显示的toast放到这个服务的队列中进行显示，那么这里最主要的方法就是:

service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);

这里我们可以看到其实最重要的参数是tn了，因为显示的逻辑可能就在这个类里面，找到源代码：

private static class TN extends ITransientNotification.Stub {
        final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                handleShow();
            }
        };

        final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                handleHide();
                // Don‘t do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by handleShow()
                mNextView = null;
            }
        };

        private final WindowManager.LayoutParams mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();
        final Handler mHandler = new Handler();    

        int mGravity;
        int mX, mY;
        float mHorizontalMargin;
        float mVerticalMargin;


        View mView;
        View mNextView;

        WindowManager mWM;

        TN() {
            // XXX This should be changed to use a Dialog, with a Theme.Toast
            // defined that sets up the layout params appropriately.
            final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;
            params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
            params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
            params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;
            params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;
            params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;
            params.setTitle("Toast");
            params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;
        }

        /**
         * schedule handleShow into the right thread
         */
        @Override
        public void show() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);
            mHandler.post(mShow);
        }

        /**
         * schedule handleHide into the right thread
         */
        @Override
        public void hide() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);
            mHandler.post(mHide);
        }

        public void handleShow() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView
                    + " mNextView=" + mNextView);
            if (mView != mNextView) {
                // remove the old view if necessary
                handleHide();
                mView = mNextView;
                Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();
                if (context == null) {
                    context = mView.getContext();
                }
                mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
                // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting
                // the layout direction
                final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();
                final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());
                mParams.gravity = gravity;
                if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {
                    mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;
                }
                if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {
                    mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;
                }
                mParams.x = mX;
                mParams.y = mY;
                mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;
                mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;
                if (mView.getParent() != null) {
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
                    mWM.removeView(mView);
                }
                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);
                mWM.addView(mView, mParams);
                trySendAccessibilityEvent();
            }
        }

        private void trySendAccessibilityEvent() {
            AccessibilityManager accessibilityManager =
                    AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mView.getContext());
            if (!accessibilityManager.isEnabled()) {
                return;
            }
            // treat toasts as notifications since they are used to
            // announce a transient piece of information to the user
            AccessibilityEvent event = AccessibilityEvent.obtain(
                    AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED);
            event.setClassName(getClass().getName());
            event.setPackageName(mView.getContext().getPackageName());
            mView.dispatchPopulateAccessibilityEvent(event);
            accessibilityManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(event);
        }        

        public void handleHide() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE HIDE: " + this + " mView=" + mView);
            if (mView != null) {
                // note: checking parent() just to make sure the view has
                // been added...  i have seen cases where we get here when
                // the view isn‘t yet added, so let‘s try not to crash.
                if (mView.getParent() != null) {
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
                    mWM.removeView(mView);
                }

                mView = null;
            }
        }
    }

看到了，果然是个aidl文件，我们打开看一下：

/* //device/java/android/android/app/ITransientNotification.aidl
**
** Copyright 2007, The Android Open Source Project
**
** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
** You may obtain a copy of the License at 
**
**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
** limitations under the License.
*/

package android.app;

/** @hide */
oneway interface ITransientNotification {
    void show();
    void hide();
}

        /**
         * schedule handleShow into the right thread
         */
        @Override
        public void show() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);
            mHandler.post(mShow);
        }

        /**
         * schedule handleHide into the right thread
         */
        @Override
        public void hide() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);
            mHandler.post(mHide);
        }

TN类中的实现这两个方法，内部使用Handler机制：post一个mShow和mHide：

 final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                handleShow();
            }
        };

final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                handleHide();
                // Don‘t do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by handleShow()
                mNextView = null;
            }
        };

public void handleShow() {
            if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView
                    + " mNextView=" + mNextView);
            if (mView != mNextView) {
                // remove the old view if necessary
                handleHide();
                mView = mNextView;
                Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();
                if (context == null) {
                    context = mView.getContext();
                }
                mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);
                // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting
                // the layout direction
                final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();
                final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());
                mParams.gravity = gravity;
                if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {
                    mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;
                }
                if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {
                    mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;
                }
                mParams.x = mX;
                mParams.y = mY;
                mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;
                mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;
                if (mView.getParent() != null) {
                    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);
                    mWM.removeView(mView);
                }
                if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);
                mWM.addView(mView, mParams);
                trySendAccessibilityEvent();
            }
        }

看一下TN的构造方法：

这个方法主要是来调节toast的显示位置，同时我们可以看到这个显示使用的是WindowManager控件，将我们toast的显示的视图view放到WindowManger中的。

TN() {
            // XXX This should be changed to use a Dialog, with a Theme.Toast
            // defined that sets up the layout params appropriately.
            final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;
            params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
            params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;
            params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;
            params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;
            params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;
            params.setTitle("Toast");
            params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE
                    | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;
        }

通过上面的知识我们或许稍微理清了思路，就是首先借助TN类，所有的显示逻辑在这个类中的show方法中，然后再实例一个TN类变量，将传递到一个队列中进行显示，所以我们要向解决这个显示的时间问题，那就从入队列这部给截断，因为一旦toast入队列了，我们就控制不了，因为这个队列是系统维护的，所以我们现在的解决思路是：

1、不让toast入队列

2、然后我们自己调用TN类中的show和hide方法

第一个简单，我们不调用toast方法就可以了，但是第二个有点问题了，因为我们看到TN这个类是私有的，所以我们也不能实例化他的对象，但是toast类中有一个实例化对象：tn

final TN mTN;

package com.weijia.toast;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class ReflectToast {
	
    Context mContext;

    private Toast mToast;
    private Field field;
    private Object obj;
    private Method showMethod, hideMethod;

    public ReflectToast(Context c, View v) {
        this.mContext = c;
        mToast = new Toast(mContext);
        mToast.setView(v);

        reflectionTN();
    }

    public void show() {
        try {
            showMethod.invoke(obj, null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void cancel() {
        try {
            hideMethod.invoke(obj, null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void reflectionTN() {
        try {
            field = mToast.getClass().getDeclaredField("mTN");
            field.setAccessible(true);//强暴
            obj = field.get(mToast);
            showMethod = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("show", null);
            hideMethod = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("hide", null);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

package com.weijia.toast;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    ReflectToast toast;
    boolean isShown = false;
    
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        final TextView tView = new TextView(this);
        tView.setText("ReflectToast !!!");
        toast = new ReflectToast(this, tView);
        
        findViewById(R.id.show_toast).setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
               if(isShown){
                   toast.cancel();
                   isShown = false;
               }else{ 
                   toast.show();
                   isShown = true;
               }
            }
        });
        
    }
}

通过一个按钮可以控制toast的显示了，想显示多长时间就显示多长时间

运行效果：

注意：这里有一个问题，我开始的时候用三星手机测试的，没有任何效果，然后换成小米手机也不行，最后用模拟器测试是可以的了。具体原因还在解决中。。。

上面就通过反射技术来实现toast的显示时间，但是到这里我们还没有完，反正都看到源码了，那个核心的入队列的方法何不也看看呢？

INotificationManager service = getService();
        String pkg = mContext.getPackageName();
        TN tn = mTN;
        tn.mNextView = mNextView;

        try {
            service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // Empty
        }

static private INotificationManager getService() {
        if (sService != null) {
            return sService;
        }
        sService = INotificationManager.Stub.asInterface(ServiceManager.getService("notification"));
        return sService;
    }

看到这里用使用了AIDL，当然我们可以在源代码中搜一下INotificationManager：

/* //device/java/android/android/app/INotificationManager.aidl
**
** Copyright 2007, The Android Open Source Project
**
** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
** You may obtain a copy of the License at 
**
**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
** limitations under the License.
*/

package android.app;

import android.app.ITransientNotification;
import android.service.notification.StatusBarNotification;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.service.notification.INotificationListener;

/** {@hide} */
interface INotificationManager
{
    void cancelAllNotifications(String pkg, int userId);

    void enqueueToast(String pkg, ITransientNotification callback, int duration);
    void cancelToast(String pkg, ITransientNotification callback);
    void enqueueNotificationWithTag(String pkg, String basePkg, String tag, int id,
            in Notification notification, inout int[] idReceived, int userId);
    void cancelNotificationWithTag(String pkg, String tag, int id, int userId);

    void setNotificationsEnabledForPackage(String pkg, int uid, boolean enabled);
    boolean areNotificationsEnabledForPackage(String pkg, int uid);

    StatusBarNotification[] getActiveNotifications(String callingPkg);
    StatusBarNotification[] getHistoricalNotifications(String callingPkg, int count);

    void registerListener(in INotificationListener listener, in ComponentName component, int userid);
    void unregisterListener(in INotificationListener listener, int userid);

    void cancelNotificationFromListener(in INotificationListener token, String pkg, String tag, int id);
    void cancelAllNotificationsFromListener(in INotificationListener token);

    StatusBarNotification[] getActiveNotificationsFromListener(in INotificationListener token);
}

果不其然实现了INotificationManager.Stub，我们只看enqueueToast这个方法，也是toast入系统队列的方法，源码如下：

public void enqueueToast(String pkg, ITransientNotification callback, int duration)
    {
        if (DBG) Slog.i(TAG, "enqueueToast pkg=" + pkg + " callback=" + callback + " duration=" + duration);

        if (pkg == null || callback == null) {
            Slog.e(TAG, "Not doing toast. pkg=" + pkg + " callback=" + callback);
            return ;
        }

        //判断是不是系统的包或者是系统的uid,是的话
        final boolean isSystemToast = isCallerSystem() || ("android".equals(pkg));

        if (ENABLE_BLOCKED_TOASTS && !noteNotificationOp(pkg, Binder.getCallingUid())) {
            if (!isSystemToast) {
                Slog.e(TAG, "Suppressing toast from package " + pkg + " by user request.");
                return;
            }
        }
        
        //入队列mToastQueue
        synchronized (mToastQueue) {
            int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();//获取当前进程id
            long callingId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            try {
                ToastRecord record;
                //查看这个toast是否在当前队列中，有的话就返回索引
                int index = indexOfToastLocked(pkg, callback);
                //如果这个index大于等于0，说明这个toast已经在这个队列中了，只需要更新显示时间就可以了
                //当然这里callback是一个对象，pkg是一个String，所以比较的时候是对象的比较
                if (index >= 0) {
                    record = mToastQueue.get(index);
                    record.update(duration);
                } else {
                    //非系统的toast
                    if (!isSystemToast) {
                    	//开始在队列中进行计数，如果队列中有这个toast的总数超过一定值，就不把toast放到队列中了
                    	//这里使用的是通过包名来判断的，所以说一个app应用只能显示一定量的toast
                        int count = 0;
                        final int N = mToastQueue.size();
                        for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                             final ToastRecord r = mToastQueue.get(i);
                             if (r.pkg.equals(pkg)) {
                                 count++;
                                 if (count >= MAX_PACKAGE_NOTIFICATIONS) {
                                     Slog.e(TAG, "Package has already posted " + count
                                            + " toasts. Not showing more. Package=" + pkg);
                                     return;
                                 }
                             }
                        }
                    }
                    //将这个toast封装成ToastRecord对象，放到队列中
                    record = new ToastRecord(callingPid, pkg, callback, duration);
                    mToastQueue.add(record);
                    index = mToastQueue.size() - 1;
                    keepProcessAliveLocked(callingPid);
                }
                //如果返回的索引是0，说明当前的这个存在的toast就在对头，直接显示
                if (index == 0) {
                    showNextToastLocked();
                }
            } finally {
                Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(callingId);
            }
        }
    }

在Toast的TN对象中，会调用service.enqueueToast(String pkg,ItransientNotification callback,int duaraion)来将创建出来的Toast放入NotificationManagerService的ToastRecord队列中。
NotificationManagerService是一个运行在SystemServer进程中的一个守护进程，Android大部分的IPC通信都是通过Binder机制，这个守护进程像一个主管一样，所有的下面的人都必须让它进行调度，然后由它来进行显示或者是隐藏。
所以说，所有的调度机制都在Service中。

下面来看一下这个方法的逻辑吧：

final boolean isSystemToast = isCallerSystem() || ("android".equals(pkg));

首先，会判断pkg是否为android，如果为android的话，则表示为系统的包名，是系统Toast，则将isSystemToast标志为true。

// same as isUidSystem(int, int) for the Binder caller‘s UID.
    boolean isCallerSystem() {
        return isUidSystem(Binder.getCallingUid());
    }

if (ENABLE_BLOCKED_TOASTS && !noteNotificationOp(pkg, Binder.getCallingUid())) {
            if (!isSystemToast) {
                Slog.e(TAG, "Suppressing toast from package " + pkg + " by user request.");
                return;
            }
        }

接着得到调用者的pid以及callingId，接着，通过pkg和callback得到在mToastQueue中对应的ToastRecord的index，

int index = indexOfToastLocked(pkg, callback);

// lock on mToastQueue
    private int indexOfToastLocked(String pkg, ITransientNotification callback)
    {
        IBinder cbak = callback.asBinder();
        ArrayList<ToastRecord> list = mToastQueue;
        int len = list.size();
        for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
            ToastRecord r = list.get(i);
            if (r.pkg.equals(pkg) && r.callback.asBinder() == cbak) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return -1;
    }

TN tn = mTN;

private static final int MAX_PACKAGE_NOTIFICATIONS = 50;

如果index>=0的话，则说明这个Toast对象已经在mToastQueue中了，更新这个ToastRecord的时间，如果小于0的话，则说明没有加进去，就需要判断包名对应的ToastRecord的总数是否大于MAX_PACKAGE_NOTIFICATIONS,也就是50个，如果大于的话，就不允许应用再发Toast了，直接返回

如果没返回的话，就创建出一个ToastRecord对象，接着，将这个对象加到mToatQueue中，并且得到这个ToastRecord的index，并且通过方法keepProcessAliveLocked(其方法内部是调用ActivityManagerService.setProcessForeground)来设置这个pid对应的进程为前台进程，保证不被销毁，

private void keepProcessAliveLocked(int pid)
    {
        int toastCount = 0; // toasts from this pid
        ArrayList<ToastRecord> list = mToastQueue;
        int N = list.size();
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
            ToastRecord r = list.get(i);
            if (r.pid == pid) {
                toastCount++;
            }
        }
        try {
            mAm.setProcessForeground(mForegroundToken, pid, toastCount > 0);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // Shouldn‘t happen.
        }
    }

这个方法中会通过这个pid到队列中进行查找属于这个进程id的toast总数，然后将设置这个进程是守护进程，这里我们可能会想起来就是，一个Activity退出的时候，toast还可以显示就是这原因，因为这个后台进程还在执行，我们可以在代码中测试一下，我们使用finish退出程序测试一下：

toast还在显示，当我们使用杀死进程的方式来退出程序的时候，发现就不显示了，

这里额外的说一下，Android中退出程序的方法：

Android程序有很多Activity，比如说主窗口A，调用了子窗口B，如果在B中直接finish(), 接下里显示的是A。在B中如何关闭整个Android应用程序呢?本人总结了几种比较简单的实现方法。
1. Dalvik VM的本地方法
android.os.Process.killProcess(android.os.Process.myPid())    //获取PID 
System.exit(0);   //常规java、c#的标准退出法，返回值为0代表正常退出
2. 任务管理器方法
首先要说明该方法运行在Android 1.5 API Level为3以上才可以，同时需要权限
ActivityManager am = (ActivityManager)getSystemService (Context.ACTIVITY_SERVICE); 
am.restartPackage(getPackageName()); 
系统会将，该包下的 ，所有进程，服务，全部杀掉，就可以杀干净了，要注意加上 
<uses-permission android:name=\"android.permission.RESTART_PACKAGES\"></uses-permission>
3. 根据Activity的声明周期
我们知道Android的窗口类提供了历史栈，我们可以通过stack的原理来巧妙的实现，这里我们在A窗口打开B窗口时在Intent中直接加入标志     Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP，这样开启B时将会清除该进程空间的所有Activity。
在A窗口中使用下面的代码调用B窗口
Intent intent = new Intent(); 
intent.setClass(Android123.this, CWJ.class); 
intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);  //注意本行的FLAG设置 
startActivity(intent);
接下来在B窗口中需要退出时直接使用finish方法即可全部退出。

上面只是个补充知识下面接着来看如果上面的index为0的话，就说明是第一个，然后通过showNextToastLocked来显示Toast。

下面来看一下showNextToastLocked的代码：

private void showNextToastLocked() {
        ToastRecord record = mToastQueue.get(0);
        while (record != null) {
            if (DBG) Slog.d(TAG, "Show pkg=" + record.pkg + " callback=" + record.callback);
            try {
                record.callback.show();
                scheduleTimeoutLocked(record);
                return;
            } catch (RemoteException e) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "Object died trying to show notification " + record.callback
                        + " in package " + record.pkg);
                // remove it from the list and let the process die
                int index = mToastQueue.indexOf(record);
                if (index >= 0) {
                    mToastQueue.remove(index);
                }
                keepProcessAliveLocked(record.pid);
                if (mToastQueue.size() > 0) {
                    record = mToastQueue.get(0);
                } else {
                    record = null;
                }
            }
        }
    }

record.callback.show();
scheduleTimeoutLocked(record);

我们再来看一下scheduleTimeoutLocked方法：

private void scheduleTimeoutLocked(ToastRecord r)
{
        mHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(r);
        Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler, MESSAGE_TIMEOUT, r);
        long delay = r.duration == Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DELAY : SHORT_DELAY;
        mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, delay);
}

private static final int LONG_DELAY = 3500; // 3.5 seconds
private static final int SHORT_DELAY = 2000; // 2 seconds

只有2s和3.5s这两个值，所以我们在之前说过我们设置toast的显示时间是没有任何效果的。

总结一下，我们是从源代码的角度来解决的问题的，而且这里还用到了反射的相关技术(其实这个技术在后面说到静态安装的时候也会用到)，所以说反射真是什么都可以，在这我们上面总是说到源码目录中搜索，这个源码下载地址很多的，我用的是：http://blog.csdn.net/jiangwei0910410003/article/details/19980459这个方法。下载下来是个一个base目录，核心代码都在core文件夹中。以后遇到问题还是先看源代码，虽然代码看起来很蛋疼，但是这也是没办法的！！

Android中通过反射来设置显示时间,,5-wow.com