Android notification的使用
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时间：2015年06月11日
notification出现在通知栏中的提示，特别是在4.0以后改进了不少，这里讲得都是基于4.0及4.1以后的。
分类：
1.普通Notification
2.大布局Notification
图1
大布局notification在android 4.0以后才增加，与小布局只在"7"部分有区别，其他部分都一致。
大布局notification只有在所有notifacation的最上面时才会显示大布局，其他情况下显示小布局，当然你也可以用手指将其扩展为大布局（前提是，它是大布局），效果图：
图2
大布局notification有三种类型：如图1为NotificationCompat.InboxStyle类型；图2左为NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle；图2右部为：NotificationCompat.BigPictureStyle。
3.自定义布局Notification
如下图所示的一个音乐播放器控制notification
如何创建notification
1>实例化一个NotificationCompat.Builder对象;如builder
2>调用builder的相关方法对notification进行上面提到的各种设置
3>调用builder.build()方法此方法返回一个notification对象。
4>实例化一个NotificationManager对象；如：manager
5>调用manager的notify方法。
注：
一个notification不必对上面所有的选项都进行设置，但有3项是必须的：
小图标, set by setSmallIcon()
内容标题, set by setContentTitle()
内容, set by setContentText()
package com.example.notification; import android.app.Activity; import android.app.Notification; import android.app.NotificationManager; import android.app.PendingIntent; import android.content.Intent; import android.graphics.Bitmap; import android.graphics.BitmapFactory; import android.net.Uri; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat; import android.view.View; import android.widget.EditText; /** * 需求：将编辑框的内容显示在Notification中 * @author joanna.yan * */ public class MainActivity extends Activity { EditText etText; int id=1; private Bitmap icon; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); etText=(EditText) findViewById(R.id.etText); icon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_launcher); } public void send(View view){ String message=etText.getText().toString(); Intent intent=new Intent(); intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.setData(Uri.parse("http://www.baidu.com")); PendingIntent pendingIntent=PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 1000, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_ONE_SHOT);//FLAG_ONE_SHOT只能用一次 //定义一个通知对象 NotificationCompat.Builder builder=new NotificationCompat.Builder(this) .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.msg_icon) .setLargeIcon(icon) .setContentTitle("您有新消息") .setContentText(message) .setAutoCancel(true) //设置点击后自动消失 .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND) //默认铃声 .setContentIntent(pendingIntent); //设置点击消息后的反应 //需要一个管理通知框的对象 NotificationManager manager=(NotificationManager) getSystemService(this.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); //manager.notify(1, builder.build());//如果第一个参数的值指定死了，比如一个具体的数字，那么通知框中只会显示1条，当发生多条时，后面的会覆盖前面的 manager.notify(id++, builder.build());//发送了几次就会显示几条，不会被覆盖 } }
示例代码
程序截图：
0）初始化部分代码
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener { private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_1 = 0; private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_2 = 1; private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_3 = 2; private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_4 = 3; private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_5 = 4; private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_6 = 5; private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_7 = 6; private static final int NOTIFICATION_ID_8 = 7; private static int messageNum = 0; private Context context = this; private NotificationManager manager; private Bitmap icon; private static final int[] btns = new int[] { R.id.btn1, R.id.btn2, R.id.btn3, R.id.btn4, R.id.btn5, R.id.btn6, R.id.btn7, R.id.btn8, R.id.btn9 }; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); init(); } private void init() { // 获取通知服务 manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE); // 注册监听器 for (int btn : btns) { findViewById(btn).setOnClickListener(this); } icon = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_launcher); } @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch (v.getId()) { case R.id.btn1: showNormal(); break; case R.id.btn2: showBigView_Text(); break; case R.id.btn3: showBigView_Pic(); break; case R.id.btn4: showBigView_Inbox(); break; case R.id.btn5: showCustomView(); break; case R.id.btn6: backApp(); break; case R.id.btn7: backScreen(); break; case R.id.btn8: showProgressBar(); break; case R.id.btn9: dismiss(); break; default: Toast.makeText(context, "error", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); break; } } private void dismiss() { manager.cancelAll(); }
1）普通Notification
private void showNormal() { Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context) .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) .setTicker("showNormal").setContentInfo("contentInfo") .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText") .setNumber(++messageNum) .setAutoCancel(true).setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL) .build(); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_1, notification); }
2)大布局Text类型notification
private void showBigView_Text() { NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle textStyle = new BigTextStyle(); textStyle .setBigContentTitle("BigContentTitle") .setSummaryText("SummaryText") .bigText( "I am Big Texttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!......"); Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context) .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) .setTicker("showBigView_Text").setContentInfo("contentInfo") .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText") .setStyle(textStyle) .setAutoCancel(true).setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL) .build(); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_2, notification); }
3）大布局Picture类型notification
private void showBigView_Pic() { NotificationCompat.BigPictureStyle pictureStyle = new BigPictureStyle(); pictureStyle.setBigContentTitle("BigContentTitle") .setSummaryText("SummaryText").bigPicture(icon); Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context) .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) .setTicker("showBigView_Pic").setContentInfo("contentInfo") .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText") .setStyle(pictureStyle) .setAutoCancel(true).setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL) .build(); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_3, notification); }
4)大布局Inbox类型notification
private void showBigView_Inbox() { NotificationCompat.InboxStyle inboxStyle = new NotificationCompat.InboxStyle(); inboxStyle.setBigContentTitle("BigContentTitle").setSummaryText( "SummaryText"); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) inboxStyle.addLine("news:" + i); Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context) .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) .setTicker("showBigView_Inbox").setContentInfo("contentInfo") .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText") .setStyle(inboxStyle) .setAutoCancel(true).setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL) .build(); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_4, notification); }
4）自定义notification
并对中间的播放按钮做了一个简单的点击处理事件(点击播放后，请关闭幕帘否则可能会看不到toast提示)
效果图：
代码：
private void showCustomView() { RemoteViews remoteViews = new RemoteViews(getPackageName(), R.layout.custom_notification); Intent intent = new Intent(this, TestMusicControl.class); PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getBroadcast(context, 0, intent, 0); remoteViews.setOnClickPendingIntent(R.id.paly_pause_music, pendingIntent); NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new Builder(context); builder.setContent(remoteViews).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.music_icon) .setLargeIcon(icon).setOngoing(true) .setTicker("music is playing"); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_8, builder.build()); }
布局文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:gravity="center_vertical" android:orientation="horizontal" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/songer_pic" android:layout_width="64dp" android:layout_height="64dp" android:src="@drawable/yan" /> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:gravity="center_vertical" android:orientation="horizontal" > <ImageView android:id="@+id/last_music" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="48dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:src="@drawable/music_previous" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/paly_pause_music" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="48dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:src="@drawable/music_play" /> <ImageView android:id="@+id/next_music" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="48dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:src="@drawable/music_next" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
5）带进度条的notification
private void showProgressBar() { final NotificationCompat.Builder builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder( context); builder.setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) .setTicker("showProgressBar").setContentInfo("contentInfo") .setOngoing(true).setContentTitle("ContentTitle") .setContentText("ContentText"); new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { int progress = 0; for (progress = 0; progress < 100; progress += 5) { //将setProgress的第三个参数设为true即可显示为无明确进度的进度条样式 builder.setProgress(100, progress, false); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_7, builder.build()); try { // Sleep for 5 seconds Thread.sleep(2 * 1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("sleep failure"); } } builder.setContentTitle("Download complete") .setProgress(0, 0, false).setOngoing(false); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_7, builder.build()); } }).start(); }
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点击事件的处理
1）返回应用住界面
有时候我们可能需要实现这样的功能：当新notification出现时，我们希望点击它后可直接进入应用相应的界面中去完整查看或处理此消息的功能。然后，当我们点击back按钮时返回到应用主界面而不是桌面。比如：当我们有新的短信来时，我们在任务栏中点击它后进入读信息页面，当我们读完短信后，按“返回”键回到短信的主界面，而不是手机桌面。要实现这样的功能要我们做相应的处理：
private void backApp() { TaskStackBuilder stackBuilder = TaskStackBuilder.create(this); // Adds the back stack stackBuilder.addParentStack(OtherActivity.class); // Adds the Intent to the top of the stack Intent resultIntent = new Intent(this, OtherActivity.class); stackBuilder.addNextIntent(resultIntent); // Gets a PendingIntent containing the entire back stack PendingIntent resultPendingIntent = stackBuilder.getPendingIntent(0, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT); Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context) .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) .setTicker("backApp").setContentInfo("contentInfo") .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText") .setContentIntent(resultPendingIntent).setAutoCancel(true) .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL).build(); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_5, notification); this.finish(); }
并需要我们在配置文件中对我们用来显示详细信息的OtherActivity进行相应的配置如下：
<activity android:name="com.example.notification.OtherActivity" android:label="@string/title_activity_other" android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity" > <meta-data android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY" android:value=".MainActivity" /> </activity>
2)直接返回桌面
有些时候我们可能需要实现这样的功能：当我们点击notification时弹出一个稍大点的窗口来显示整个消息，这窗口的作用就是用来显示整个消息内容的，和此应用内的其它Activity都没有关系，然后当我们点击"back"后直接返回到手机桌面。要实现这样的功能我们只需要调用builder的.setContentIntent方法，然后对所要跳转到的activity在配置文件中进行一些配置：
private void backScreen() { Intent notifyIntent = new Intent(this, SpecialActivity.class); // Sets the Activity to start in a new, empty task notifyIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK); // Creates the PendingIntent PendingIntent notify_Intent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, notifyIntent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT); Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context) .setLargeIcon(icon).setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher) .setTicker("backScreen").setContentInfo("contentInfo") .setContentTitle("ContentTitle").setContentText("ContentText") .setContentIntent(notify_Intent).setAutoCancel(true) .setDefaults(Notification.DEFAULT_ALL).build(); manager.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_6, notification); this.finish(); }
配置文件：
<activity android:name="com.example.notification.SpecialActivity" android:excludeFromRecents="true" android:label="@string/title_activity_special" android:launchMode="singleTask" android:taskAffinity="" >
源代码：
链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1sj9KVYP 密码：uwsq11
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