android分析之智能指针
浏览数：33 /
时间：2015年06月11日
- 智能指针是一个包装类，该类有一个指针指向真正的类对象
- 引用计数型智能指针，该引用计数是在应该被真正类所持有，而非包装类（智能指针）
- 为了方便，会将引用计数单独实现在一个类中，这样所有继承它的类都有计数器
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
template <typename T>
class sp
{
public:
inline sp() : m_ptr(0) { }
sp(T* other);
sp(const sp<T>& other);
template<typename U> sp(U* other);
template<typename U> sp(const sp<U>& other);
~sp();
// Assignment
sp& operator = (T* other);
sp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);
template<typename U> sp& operator = (const sp<U>& other);
template<typename U> sp& operator = (U* other);
void force_set(T* other);
// Reset
void clear();
// Accessors
inline T& operator* () const { return *m_ptr; }//重写操作符，获取真正的对象
inline T* operator-> () const { return m_ptr; }
inline T* get() const { return m_ptr; }
// Operators
COMPARE(==)
COMPARE(!=)
COMPARE(>)
COMPARE(<)
COMPARE(<=)
COMPARE(>=)
private:
template<typename Y> friend class sp;
template<typename Y> friend class wp;
void set_pointer(T* ptr);
T* m_ptr;//指向真正的类对象的指针
};
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class RefBase//所有继承该类的类都持有一个计数器
{
public:
void incStrong(const void* id) const;
void decStrong(const void* id) const;
void forceIncStrong(const void* id) const;
//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current strong ref count.
int32_t getStrongCount() const;
class weakref_type//这相当于那个计数器
{
public:
RefBase* refBase() const;
void incWeak(const void* id);
void decWeak(const void* id);
// acquires a strong reference if there is already one.
bool attemptIncStrong(const void* id);
// acquires a weak reference if there is already one.
// This is not always safe. see ProcessState.cpp and BpBinder.cpp
// for proper use.
bool attemptIncWeak(const void* id);
//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current weak ref count.
int32_t getWeakCount() const;
//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Print references held on object.
void printRefs() const;
void trackMe(bool enable, bool retain);
};
weakref_type* createWeak(const void* id) const;
weakref_type* getWeakRefs() const;
//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Print references held on object.
inline void printRefs() const { getWeakRefs()->printRefs(); }
//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Enable tracking of object.
inline void trackMe(bool enable, bool retain)
{
getWeakRefs()->trackMe(enable, retain);
}
typedef RefBase basetype;
protected:
RefBase();
virtual ~RefBase();
//! Flags for extendObjectLifetime()
enum {
OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG = 0x0000,
OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK = 0x0001,
OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK = 0x0001
};
void extendObjectLifetime(int32_t mode);
//! Flags for onIncStrongAttempted()
enum {
FIRST_INC_STRONG = 0x0001
};
virtual void onFirstRef();
virtual void onLastStrongRef(const void* id);
virtual bool onIncStrongAttempted(uint32_t flags, const void* id);
virtual void onLastWeakRef(const void* id);
private:
friend class ReferenceMover;
static void moveReferences(void* d, void const* s, size_t n,
const ReferenceConverterBase& caster);
private:
friend class weakref_type;
class weakref_impl;
RefBase(const RefBase& o);
RefBase& operator=(const RefBase& o);
weakref_impl* const mRefs;
};
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
class RefBase::weakref_impl : public RefBase::weakref_type//引用计数器的实现类
{
public:
volatile int32_t mStrong;//强引用
volatile int32_t mWeak;//若引用
RefBase* const mBase;
volatile int32_t mFlags;
#if !DEBUG_REFS
weakref_impl(RefBase* base)
: mStrong(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)
, mWeak(0)
, mBase(base)
, mFlags(0)
{
}
void addStrongRef(const void* /*id*/) { }
void removeStrongRef(const void* /*id*/) { }
void renameStrongRefId(const void* /*old_id*/, const void* /*new_id*/) { }
void addWeakRef(const void* /*id*/) { }
void removeWeakRef(const void* /*id*/) { }
void renameWeakRefId(const void* /*old_id*/, const void* /*new_id*/) { }
void printRefs() const { }
void trackMe(bool, bool) { }
#else
weakref_impl(RefBase* base)
: mStrong(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)
, mWeak(0)
, mBase(base)
, mFlags(0)
, mStrongRefs(NULL)
, mWeakRefs(NULL)
, mTrackEnabled(!!DEBUG_REFS_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT)
, mRetain(false)
{
}
~weakref_impl()
{
bool dumpStack = false;
if (!mRetain && mStrongRefs != NULL) {
dumpStack = true;
#if DEBUG_REFS_FATAL_SANITY_CHECKS
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Strong references remain!");
#else
ALOGE("Strong references remain:");
#endif
ref_entry* refs = mStrongRefs;
while (refs) {
char inc = refs->ref >= 0 ? ‘+‘ : ‘-‘;
ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, refs->id, refs->ref);
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
refs->stack.dump();
#endif
refs = refs->next;
}
}
if (!mRetain && mWeakRefs != NULL) {
dumpStack = true;
#if DEBUG_REFS_FATAL_SANITY_CHECKS
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("Weak references remain:");
#else
ALOGE("Weak references remain!");
#endif
ref_entry* refs = mWeakRefs;
while (refs) {
char inc = refs->ref >= 0 ? ‘+‘ : ‘-‘;
ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, refs->id, refs->ref);
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
refs->stack.dump();
#endif
refs = refs->next;
}
}
if (dumpStack) {
ALOGE("above errors at:");
CallStack stack;
stack.update();
stack.dump();
}
}
void addStrongRef(const void* id) {
//ALOGD_IF(mTrackEnabled,
// "addStrongRef: RefBase=%p, id=%p", mBase, id);
addRef(&mStrongRefs, id, mStrong);
}
void removeStrongRef(const void* id) {
//ALOGD_IF(mTrackEnabled,
// "removeStrongRef: RefBase=%p, id=%p", mBase, id);
if (!mRetain) {
removeRef(&mStrongRefs, id);
} else {
addRef(&mStrongRefs, id, -mStrong);
}
}
void renameStrongRefId(const void* old_id, const void* new_id) {
//ALOGD_IF(mTrackEnabled,
// "renameStrongRefId: RefBase=%p, oid=%p, nid=%p",
// mBase, old_id, new_id);
renameRefsId(mStrongRefs, old_id, new_id);
}
void addWeakRef(const void* id) {
addRef(&mWeakRefs, id, mWeak);
}
void removeWeakRef(const void* id) {
if (!mRetain) {
removeRef(&mWeakRefs, id);
} else {
addRef(&mWeakRefs, id, -mWeak);
}
}
void renameWeakRefId(const void* old_id, const void* new_id) {
renameRefsId(mWeakRefs, old_id, new_id);
}
void trackMe(bool track, bool retain)
{
mTrackEnabled = track;
mRetain = retain;
}
void printRefs() const
{
String8 text;
{
Mutex::Autolock _l(mMutex);
char buf[128];
sprintf(buf, "Strong references on RefBase %p (weakref_type %p):\n", mBase, this);
text.append(buf);
printRefsLocked(&text, mStrongRefs);
sprintf(buf, "Weak references on RefBase %p (weakref_type %p):\n", mBase, this);
text.append(buf);
printRefsLocked(&text, mWeakRefs);
}
{
char name[100];
snprintf(name, 100, "/data/%p.stack", this);
int rc = open(name, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_APPEND);
if (rc >= 0) {
write(rc, text.string(), text.length());
close(rc);
ALOGD("STACK TRACE for %p saved in %s", this, name);
}
else ALOGE("FAILED TO PRINT STACK TRACE for %p in %s: %s", this,
name, strerror(errno));
}
}
private:
struct ref_entry
{
ref_entry* next;
const void* id;
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
CallStack stack;
#endif
int32_t ref;
};
void addRef(ref_entry** refs, const void* id, int32_t mRef)
{
if (mTrackEnabled) {
AutoMutex _l(mMutex);
ref_entry* ref = new ref_entry;
// Reference count at the time of the snapshot, but before the
// update. Positive value means we increment, negative--we
// decrement the reference count.
ref->ref = mRef;
ref->id = id;
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
ref->stack.update(2);
#endif
ref->next = *refs;
*refs = ref;
}
}
void removeRef(ref_entry** refs, const void* id)
{
if (mTrackEnabled) {
AutoMutex _l(mMutex);
ref_entry* const head = *refs;
ref_entry* ref = head;
while (ref != NULL) {
if (ref->id == id) {
*refs = ref->next;
delete ref;
return;
}
refs = &ref->next;
ref = *refs;
}
#if DEBUG_REFS_FATAL_SANITY_CHECKS
LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("RefBase: removing id %p on RefBase %p"
"(weakref_type %p) that doesn‘t exist!",
id, mBase, this);
#endif
ALOGE("RefBase: removing id %p on RefBase %p"
"(weakref_type %p) that doesn‘t exist!",
id, mBase, this);
ref = head;
while (ref) {
char inc = ref->ref >= 0 ? ‘+‘ : ‘-‘;
ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, ref->id, ref->ref);
ref = ref->next;
}
CallStack stack;
stack.update();
stack.dump();
}
}
void renameRefsId(ref_entry* r, const void* old_id, const void* new_id)
{
if (mTrackEnabled) {
AutoMutex _l(mMutex);
ref_entry* ref = r;
while (ref != NULL) {
if (ref->id == old_id) {
ref->id = new_id;
}
ref = ref->next;
}
}
}
void printRefsLocked(String8* out, const ref_entry* refs) const
{
char buf[128];
while (refs) {
char inc = refs->ref >= 0 ? ‘+‘ : ‘-‘;
sprintf(buf, "\t%c ID %p (ref %d):\n",
inc, refs->id, refs->ref);
out->append(buf);
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
out->append(refs->stack.toString("\t\t"));
#else
out->append("\t\t(call stacks disabled)");
#endif
refs = refs->next;
}
}
mutable Mutex mMutex;
ref_entry* mStrongRefs;
ref_entry* mWeakRefs;
bool mTrackEnabled;
// Collect stack traces on addref and removeref, instead of deleting the stack references
// on removeref that match the address ones.
bool mRetain;
#endif
};
小结：
- 通常情况下，智能指针分为sp和wp
- 目标对象的父类是RefBase——这个基类提供了一个weakref_impl类型的引用计数器，可以同时进行强弱引用的控制
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