cacti 与 nagios 一些总结 【六】

可参考 

http://www.cacti.net/

 http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-24727220-id-3025015.html

http://blog.fity.cn/post/369/

cacti 问题汇总 总有你遇见的

1、cacti简介

1）、cacti是用php语言实现的一个软件，它的主要功能是用snmp服务获取数据，然后用rrdtool储存和更新数据，当用户需要查看数据的时候用rrdtool生成图表呈现给用户。因此，snmp和rrdtool是cacti的关键。Snmp关系着数据的收集，rrdtool关系着数据存储和图表的生成。

2）、mysql配合PHP程序存储一些变量数据并对变量数据进行调用，如：主机名、主机ip、snmp团体名、端口号、模板信息等变量。

3）、snmp抓到数据不是存储在mysql中，而是存在rrdtool生成的rrd文件中（在cacti根目录的rra文件夹下）。rrdtool对数据的更新和存储就是对rrd文件的处理，rrd文件是大小固定的档案文件（Round Robin Archive），它能够存储的数据笔数在创建时就已经定义。

2、软件包准备

cacti-0.8.8b.tar.gz

httpd-2.2.23.tar.gz 

php-5.4.10.tar.gz

cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz

mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz

rrdtool-1.4.8.tar.gz

net-snmp-5.7.2.1.tar.gz

Python-2.7.6.tgz

libxml2-2.9.1.tar.gz

zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

jpegsrc.v9a.tar.gz

libpng-1.6.12.tar.gz

freetype-2.5.3.tar.gz

libart_lgpl-2.3.21.tar.gz

gettext-0.19.2.tar.xz

libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz

curl-7.37.1.tar.gz

3、apache安装配置

# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.23.tar.gz

# cd httpd-2.2.23

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-so

# make && make install

# cp /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd

4、mysql安装配置

# tar zxvf cmake-2.8.11.2.tar.gz

# cd cmake-2.8.11.2

# ./configure

# make && make install

# groupadd mysql

# useradd mysql

# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.28.tar.gz

# cd mysql-5.5.28

# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/  -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data  -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock  -DMYSQL_USER=mysql  -DWITH_DEBUG=0

# make && make install

# vim /root/.bashrc

PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:${PATH}

export PATH

# source /root/.bashrc

# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

# chmod 755 /usr/local/src/mysql-5.5.28/scripts/mysql_install_db

# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/data

# service mysqld start

# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456 

# mysqladmin --user=root -p create cacti

# mysql -uroot -p cacti<cacti.sql

mysql>GRANT ALL ON cacti.* TO cactiuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘cactipassword‘;

mysql>flush privileges;

5、GD安装配置

1）、安装libxml2

# tar zxvf Python-2.7.6.tgz #貌似只能是这个版本，否则编译libxml2时会报错

# cd Python-2.7.6

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python

# make && make install

# tar zxvf libxml2-2.9.1.tar.gz

# cd libxml2-2.9.1

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libxml2

# make && make install

2)、安装zlib

# tar zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

# cd zlib-1.2.8

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib2

# make && make install

# yum install -y zlib-devel

3)、安装jpegsrc

# tar zxvf jpegsrc.v9a.tar.gz

# cd jpeg-9a

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/jpegsrc9

# make && make install

4)、安装libpng

# tar zxvf libpng-1.6.12.tar.gz

# cd libpng-1.6.12

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libpng2 

# make && make install

5)、安装freetype

# tar zxvf freetype-2.5.3.tar.gz

# cd freetype-2.5.3 

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype2

# make && make install

6)、安装libart_lgpl

# tar zxvf libart_lgpl-2.3.21.tar.gz

# cd libart_lgpl-2.3.21

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libart

# make && make install

7）、安装gettext

# xz -d gettext-0.19.2.tar.xz

# tar xvf gettext-0.19.2.tar

# cd gettext-0.19.2

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/gettext

# make && make install

8)、安装GD

# tar zxvf libgd-2.1.0.tar.gz

# cd libgd-2.1.0

9)、安装curl

# tar zxvf curl-7.37.1.tar.gz

# cd curl-7.37.1

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/curl

# make && make install

6、php安装配置

# yum install -y libxml2-devel freetype-devel

# tar zxvf php-5.4.10.tar.gz

# cd php-5.4.10

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/jpeg9/ --with-png-dir=/usr/local/libpng2/ --with-gd --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype2/ --with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib2/ --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-curl=/usr/local/curl --with-gettext=/usr/local/gettext --enable-sockets

# make && make install

# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/php /usr/bin

# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

在#AddType application/x-tar.tgz后追加:AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

在#LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so后追加:LoadModule php5_module  modules/libphp5.so

在DirectoryIndexindex.html后面追加index.php

7、rrdtool安装配置

# yum install -y freetype-devel libart_lgpl-devel gd-devel cairo cairo-devel pango pango-devel

# tar zxvf rrdtool-1.4.8.tar.gz

# cd rrdtool-1.4.8

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/rrdtool

# make && make install

# ln -s /usr/local/rrdtool/bin/rrdtool /usr/bin 

8、net-snmp安装配置

# tar zxvf net-snmp-5.7.2.1.tar.gz

# cd net-snmp-5.7.2.1 

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/net-snmp

# make && make install

# ln –s /usr/local/net-snmp/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

# cp /usr/local/src/net-snmp-5.7.2.1/EXAMPLE.conf /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf

# vim /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf

添加以下内容

view    all           included   .1

view    systemview    included   .1.3.6.1.2.1.2  

# /usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd

# lsof -i:161

COMMAND   PID USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

snmpd   41107 root    8u  IPv4 616363      0t0  UDP localhost:snmp 

# snmpwalk -v 1 -c public localhost system

# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local

追加以下内容，开机自启动

/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd

# 关于snmpd.conf的内容还可以引用以下配置

com2sec notConfigUser  default       test

group   notConfigGroup v1           notConfigUser 

group   notConfigGroup v2c           notConfigUser

view    all           included   .1         

view    systemview    included   .1.3.6.1.2.1.1 

view    systemview    included   .1.3.6.1.2.1.2 

view    systemview    included   .1.3.6.1.2.1.25.1.1

access  notConfigGroup ""      any       noauth    exact  all none none

com2sec local     localhost        test 

com2sec mynetwork 10.0.2.0/24      test

view mib2   included  .iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2 fc 

9、cacti安装配置

# tar zxvf cacti-0.8.8b.tar.gz

# mv cacti-0.8.8b /usr/local/cacti

# vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs" => DocumentRoot "/usr/local/cacti"

<Directory "/usr/local/apache2/htdocs"> => <Directory "/usr/local/cacti">

# vim /usr/local/cacti/include/config.php

$database_type = "mysql";

$database_default = "cacti";

$database_hostname = "localhost";

$database_username = "cactiuser";

$database_password = "cactipassword";

$database_port = "3306";

$database_ssl = false;

/* load up old style plugins here */   #enable plugins

$plugins = array();

//$plugins[] = ‘thold‘;

# useradd cactiuser

# chown -R cactiuser.cactiuser ./rra ./log

# service httpd restart

# rrdtool fetch localhost_users_6.rrd AVERAGE|MAX#查看rrd文件是否有数据

10、被监控机安装snmp服务

# yum install -y net-snmp*

# vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

view    all           included   .1

view    systemview    included   .1.3.6.1.2.1.2  

# service snmpd start

# lsof -i:161

11、问题汇总

问题1：

Warning: strtotime(): It is not safe to rely on the system‘s timezone settings. You are *required* to use the date.timezone setting or the date_default_timezone_set() function. In case you used any of those methods and you are still getting this warning, you most likely misspelled the timezone identifier. We selected the timezone ‘UTC‘ for now, but please set date.timezone to select your timezone. in /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti/include/global_constants.php on line 165

解决方法：

# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini

修改

date.timezone = PRC

并取消注释

问题2：

PHP Strict Standards:  Only variables should be passed by reference in /usr/local/nginx/html/cacti/lib/ping.php on line 382 

解决方法：

socket_select($r = array($this->socket), $w = NULL, $f = NULL, $to_sec, $to_usec){ 

=>修改为

$r = array($this->socket);

$w = NULL;

$f = NULL;

switch(socket_select($r, $w, $f, $to_sec, $to_usec)){ 

问题3：

WARNING: Cron is out of sync with the Poller Interval!  The Poller Interval is ‘300‘ seconds, with a maximum of a ‘300‘ second Cron, but 2135 seconds have passed since the last poll!

解决方法：

*/1     *       *       *       *       /usr/bin/php /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti/poller.php  > /dev/null 2>&1