IOS中NSUserDefaults的用法
NSUserDefaults适合存储轻量级的本地数据,比如要保存一个登陆界面的数据,用户名、密码之类的,个人觉得使用NSUserDefaults是首选。下次再登陆的时候就可以直接从NSUserDefaults里面读取上次登陆的信息咯。
因为如果使用自己建立的plist文件什么的,还得自己显示创建文件,读取文件,很麻烦,而是用NSUserDefaults则不用管这些东西,就像读字符串一样,直接读取就可以了。
NSUserDefaults支持的数据格式有:NSNumber(Integer、Float、Double),NSString,NSDate,NSArray,NSDictionary,BOOL类型。很实用吧
NSUserDefaults很方便,读取也很容易。下面给出一个示例看看如何使用:(PS:更详细的也可以参考官方文档哈)
ViewController.h文件中主要是放几个控件,用于显示存储的数据:
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#import <UIKit/UIKit.h> @interface ViewController : UIViewController { IBOutlet UILabel *txtInteger; IBOutlet UILabel *txtFloat; IBOutlet UILabel *txtDouble; IBOutlet UILabel *txtNSString; IBOutlet UILabel *txtNSDate; IBOutlet UILabel *txtNSArray; IBOutlet UILabel *txtNSDictionary; } @end
saveNSUserDefaults:用于将各种类型数据保存到NSUserDefaults中
readNSUserDefautls:用于从NSUserDefaults中读取各种类型的数据。在viewDidLoad中调用这两个方法就可以看出结果咯
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#import "ViewController.h" @interface ViewController () @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; [self saveNSUserDefaults]; //调用此方法将各种数据存储到NSUserDefautls中,在下面定义 [self readNSUserDefaults]; //调用此方法从NSUserDefautls中读取各种数据,在下面定义 } - (void)viewDidUnload { [txtNSString release]; txtNSString = nil; [txtNSDate release]; txtNSDate = nil; [txtNSArray release]; txtNSArray = nil; [txtNSDictionary release]; txtNSDictionary = nil; [txtInteger release]; txtInteger = nil; [txtFloat release]; txtFloat = nil; [txtDouble release]; txtDouble = nil; [super viewDidUnload]; // Release any retained subviews of the main view. } - (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation:(UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation { return (interfaceOrientation != UIInterfaceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown); } - (void)dealloc { [txtNSString release]; [txtNSDate release]; [txtNSArray release]; [txtNSDictionary release]; [txtInteger release]; [txtFloat release]; [txtDouble release]; [super dealloc]; } //保存数据到NSUserDefaults -(void)saveNSUserDefaults { NSString *myString = @"enuola"; int myInteger = 100; float myFloat = 50.0f; double myDouble = 20.0; NSDate *myDate = [NSDate date]; NSArray *myArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"hello", @"world", nil]; NSDictionary *myDictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"enuo", @"20", nil] forKeys:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"name", @"age", nil]]; //将上述数据全部存储到NSUserDefaults中 NSUserDefaults *userDefaults = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; //存储时,除NSNumber类型使用对应的类型意外,其他的都是使用setObject:forKey: [userDefaults setInteger:myInteger forKey:@"myInteger"]; [userDefaults setFloat:myFloat forKey:@"myFloat"]; [userDefaults setDouble:myDouble forKey:@"myDouble"]; [userDefaults setObject:myString forKey:@"myString"]; [userDefaults setObject:myDate forKey:@"myDate"]; [userDefaults setObject:myArray forKey:@"myArray"]; [userDefaults setObject:myDictionary forKey:@"myDictionary"]; //这里建议同步存储到磁盘中,但是不是必须的 [userDefaults synchronize]; } //从NSUserDefaults中读取数据 -(void)readNSUserDefaults { NSUserDefaults *userDefaultes = [NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults]; //读取数据到各个label中 //读取整型int类型的数据 NSInteger myInteger = [userDefaultes integerForKey:@"myInteger"]; txtInteger.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",myInteger]; //读取浮点型float类型的数据 float myFloat = [userDefaultes floatForKey:@"myFloat"]; txtFloat.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%f",myFloat]; //读取double类型的数据 double myDouble = [userDefaultes doubleForKey:@"myDouble"]; txtDouble.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%f",myDouble]; //读取NSString类型的数据 NSString *myString = [userDefaultes stringForKey:@"myString"]; txtNSString.text = myString; //读取NSDate日期类型的数据 NSDate *myDate = [userDefaultes valueForKey:@"myDate"]; NSDateFormatter *df = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init]; [df setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"]; txtNSDate.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",[df stringFromDate:myDate]]; //读取数组NSArray类型的数据 NSArray *myArray = [userDefaultes arrayForKey:@"myArray"]; NSString *myArrayString = [[NSString alloc] init]; for(NSString *str in myArray) { NSLog(@"str= %@",str); myArrayString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@", myArrayString, str]; [myArrayString stringByAppendingString:str]; // [myArrayString stringByAppendingFormat:@"%@",str]; NSLog(@"myArrayString=%@",myArrayString); } txtNSArray.text = myArrayString; //读取字典类型NSDictionary类型的数据 NSDictionary *myDictionary = [userDefaultes dictionaryForKey:@"myDictionary"]; NSString *myDicString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"name:%@, age:%d",[myDictionary valueForKey:@"name"], [[myDictionary valueForKey:@"age"] integerValue]]; txtNSDictionary.text = myDicString; } @end 再次
嘻嘻,很简单吧,就这样就可以是实现数据的存储了。
下面讲一下原理:
你可能会问一个问题:NSUserDefautls将数据存储在什么地方了???我都没有显示的指定路径???很疑惑吧。。。。
用NSUserDefaults存储的数据下次程序运行的时候依然存在,它把数据存储在什么地方了?如何能够清除?
/UsersLibrary/Application Support/iPhoneSimulator/4.1/Applicati*****/29788E40-AF47-45A0-8E92-3AC0F501B7F4/,(这个是应用程序对应在mac上的位置)
这个下面有/Library/Prefereces,里面有个plist文件,存储的就是你的userDefaults
想要删掉的话,用removeObjectForKey或者删掉沙盒,也就是你的应用程序然后重新安装。
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