Android网络编程之传递数据给服务器(一)

Android网络编程之传递数据给服务器(一)

 

请尊重他人的劳动成果,转载请注明出处:Android网络编程之传递数据给服务器(一) 


因为Android程序需要和服务器进行通信,所以需要服务器端提供的支持。

一、通过GET方式传递数据给服务器

通过GET方式上传数据主要适用于数据大小不超过2KB,且对安全性要求不高的情况下。

1.创建服务器端:

服务器端项目结构:



第一步:创建控制器Servlet 

package com.jph.sgm.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ServletForGETMethod
 */
@WebServlet("/ServletForGETMethod")
public class ServletForGETMethod extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ServletForGETMethod() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取请求的参数(使用utf-8进行解码,然后用进行ISO8859-1编码)
//		String name=new String(request.getParameter("name").getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"utf-8");		
		String name=request.getParameter("name");		
		String pwd=request.getParameter("pwd");
		System.out.println("name:"+name+"   pwd:"+pwd);
		
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

}

第二步:测试Servlet

发布项目并在浏览器中输入:http://localhost:8080/ServerForGETMethod/ServletForGETMethod?name=aa&pwd=124

可以再控制台看到如下图的输出:



至此服务器端项目已经完成。下面开始创建Android端项目。

2.创建Android端:

Android端项目结构:



第一步:创建Android端项目的业务逻辑层

核心代码:SendDateToServer.java:

package com.jph.sdg.service;

import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import android.os.Handler;

/**
 * 通过GET方式向服务器发送数据
 * @author jph
 * Date:2014.09.27
 */
public class SendDateToServer {
	private static String url="http://10.219.61.117:8080/ServerForGETMethod/ServletForGETMethod";
	public static final int SEND_SUCCESS=0x123;
	public static final int SEND_FAIL=0x124;
	private Handler handler;
	public SendDateToServer(Handler handler) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		this.handler=handler;
	}	
	/**
	 * 通过Get方式向服务器发送数据
	 * @param name 用户名
	 * @param pwd  密码
	 */
	public void SendDataToServer(String name,String pwd) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		final Map<String, String>map=new HashMap<String, String>();
		map.put("name", name);
		map.put("pwd", pwd);
		new Thread(new Runnable() {			
			@Override
			public void run() {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				try {
					 if (sendGetRequest(map,url,"utf-8")) {
						handler.sendEmptyMessage(SEND_SUCCESS);//通知主线程数据发送成功
					}else {
						//将数据发送给服务器失败
					}
				} catch (Exception e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}				
			}
		}).start();
	}
	/**
	 * 发送GET请求
	 * @param map 请求参数
	 * @param url 请求路径
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception 
	 */
	private  boolean sendGetRequest(Map<String, String> param, String url,String encoding) throws Exception {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//http://localhost:8080/ServerForGETMethod/ServletForGETMethod?name=aa&pwd=124
		StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer(url);
		if (!url.equals("")&!param.isEmpty()) {
			sb.append("?");
			for (Map.Entry<String, String>entry:param.entrySet()) {
				sb.append(entry.getKey()+"=");				
					sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encoding));				
				sb.append("&");
			}
			sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length()-1);//删除字符串最后 一个字符“&”
		}
		HttpURLConnection conn=(HttpURLConnection) new URL(sb.toString()).openConnection();
		conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
		conn.setRequestMethod("GET");//设置请求方式为GET
		if (conn.getResponseCode()==200) {
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

}

第三步:创建Activity

 

package com.jph.sdg.activity;

import com.jph.sdg.R;
import com.jph.sdg.service.SendDateToServer;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
 * 通过GET方式向服务器发送数据,通过GET方式上传数据主要适用于数
 * 据大小不超过2KB,且对安全性要求不高的情况下。
 * @author jph
 * Date:2014.09.27
 */
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
	private EditText edtName,edtPwd;
	private Button btnSend;
	Handler handler=new Handler(){
		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
			switch (msg.what) {
			case SendDateToServer.SEND_SUCCESS:
				Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "登陆成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
				break;
			case SendDateToServer.SEND_FAIL:
				Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "登陆失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
				break;

			default:
				break;
			}
		};		
	};
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		edtName=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.edtName);
		edtPwd=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.edtPwd);
		btnSend=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnSend);
		btnSend.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {			
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				String name=edtName.getText().toString();
				String pwd=edtPwd.getText().toString();
				if (edtName.equals("")||edtPwd.equals("")) {
					Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "用户名或密码不能为空", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
				}else {				
					new SendDateToServer(handler).SendDataToServer(name, pwd);
				}
			}
		});
	}

}

至此Android端项目已经完成了。下面就让我们看一下APP运行效果吧:

Android运行效果图:


2


二、关于通过GET方式传递数据给服务器时,中文乱码的解决方案

当客户端向服务器发送中文时服务器端会出现乱码现象,如下图:




    出现乱码的原因主要是,Android客户端我们采用的是UTF-8编码,而Tomcat默认采用的是ISO8858-1编码,所以会出现中文乱码的现象。

解决方案有两种:

第一种解决方案:

是使用UTF-8解码请求参数得到汉字,然后再通过ISO8859-1进行编码。此时服务器端的Servlet是:

package com.jph.sgm.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ServletForGETMethod
 */
@WebServlet("/ServletForGETMethod")
public class ServletForGETMethod extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ServletForGETMethod() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//获取请求的参数(使用utf-8进行解码,然后用进行ISO8859-1编码)
		String name=new String(request.getParameter("name").getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"utf-8");		
//		String name=request.getParameter("name");		
		String pwd=request.getParameter("pwd");
		System.out.println("name:"+name+"   pwd:"+pwd);
		
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

}

  

运行结果如下图:




第二种解决方案:

         下面我们采用过滤器的方式来解决乱码的问题:

第一步:建立一个Filter过滤器。

EncodingFilter.java

package com.jph.sgm.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * Servlet Filter implementation class EncodingFilter
 */
@WebFilter("/*")
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {

    /**
     * Default constructor. 
     */
    public EncodingFilter() {
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see Filter#destroy()
	 */
	public void destroy() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
	 */
	public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		HttpServletRequest req=(HttpServletRequest) request;
		if ("GET".equals(req.getMethod())) {
			HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper wrapper=new HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper(req);
			chain.doFilter(wrapper, response);
		}else {
			req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
			chain.doFilter(request, response);
		}
	}
	/**
	 * @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
	 */
	public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
	}
}

 

上面的过滤器因为设置了过滤路径为*/所以会过滤所有的Servlet

在上面的过滤器中用到了一个包装器,HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper.java

package com.jph.sgm.filter;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;

public class HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper extends
		HttpServletRequestWrapper {
	private HttpServletRequest request;
	public HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
		super(request);
		this.request=request;	
	}
	@Override
	public String getParameter(String name) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String value=request.getParameter(name);
		if (value!=null) {
			try {//用utf-8进行解码,然后用ISO8859-1进行编码
				return new String(value.getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"utf-8");
			} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
				// TODO Auto-generated catch block
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return super.getParameter(name);
	}
}


重新运行项目可以看到服务器会将客户端发来的数据用UTF-8进行解码,用ISO8859-1进行编码。运行效果图如下:



 Android网络编程之传递数据给服务器(二)——通过POST的方式将数据传递给服务器

郑重声明:本站内容如果来自互联网及其他传播媒体,其版权均属原媒体及文章作者所有。转载目的在于传递更多信息及用于网络分享,并不代表本站赞同其观点和对其真实性负责,也不构成任何其他建议。