Android 自定义View视图

创建全新的视图将满足我们独特的UI需求。

本文介绍在指南针开发中会用到的罗盘的界面UI，通过继承View类实现的自定义视图，以此来深刻了解自定义视图。

实现效果图：

源代码：

布局文件activity_main(其中CompassView继承View类):

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <com.professionalandroiddemo6.CompassView
        android:id="@+id/compassView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</FrameLayout>

string.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <string name="app_name">ProfessionalAndroidDemo6</string>
    <string name="action_settings" font = "14sp">Settings</string>
    <string name="hello_world">Hello world!</string>
	<string name="north">N</string>
	<string name="east">E</string>
	<string name="south">S</string>
	<string name="west">W</string>
</resources>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <color name="background">#F555</color>
    <color name="maker">#AFFF</color>
    <color name="text">#AFFF</color>
    
</resources>

MainActivity:

package com.professionalandroiddemo6;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	}

}

package com.professionalandroiddemo6;
/**
 * 自定义视图--指南针界面
 */
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.accessibility.AccessibilityEvent;

public class CompassView extends View {

	private Paint markerPaint;
	private Paint circlePaint;
	private Paint textPaint;
	private String north, south, east, west;
	private int textHeight;
	private String dirString;
	private float bearing;

	public void setBearing(float _bearing) {
		bearing = _bearing;
		sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED);
	}

	public float getBearing() {
		return bearing;
	}

	public CompassView(Context context) {
		super(context);
		initCompassView();
	}

	public CompassView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);
		initCompassView();
	}

	public CompassView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
		super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
		initCompassView();
	}

	private void initCompassView() {
		setFocusable(true);

		Resources resources = this.getResources();

		circlePaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
		circlePaint.setColor(resources.getColor(R.color.background));
		circlePaint.setStrokeWidth(1);
		circlePaint.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL_AND_STROKE);

		north = resources.getString(R.string.north);
		south = resources.getString(R.string.south);
		east = resources.getString(R.string.east);
		west = resources.getString(R.string.west);

		textPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
		textPaint.setColor(resources.getColor(R.color.text));
		textPaint.setTextSize((float) 30);// 此处设置将要显示的字体的大小。

		textHeight = (int) textPaint.measureText("yY");
		markerPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
		markerPaint.setColor(resources.getColor(R.color.maker));

	}

	@Override
	protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
		// 罗盘是一个填充尽可能多的空间的圆，通过设置最短的边界、高度或者宽度来设置测量的尺寸。
		int measuredWidth = measure(widthMeasureSpec);
		int measuredHeight = measure(heightMeasureSpec);

		int d = Math.min(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
		setMeasuredDimension(d, d);
	}

	private int measure(int measureSpec) {
		int result = 0;
		// 对测量说明进行解码
		int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
		int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

		if (specMode == MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED) {
			// 如果没有指定界限了，则默认返回值为200
			result = 200;
		} else {
			// 由于你希望填充可用的空间，所以总是返回整个可用的边界
			result = specSize;
		}
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
		// 找到控件的中心，并将最小边的长度作为罗盘的半径存储起来。
		int mMeasuredWidth = getMeasuredWidth();
		int mMeasuredHeight = getMeasuredHeight();

		int px = mMeasuredWidth / 2;
		int py = mMeasuredHeight / 2;

		int radius = Math.min(px, py);
		// 使用drawCircle方法画出罗盘字符的边界，并为其北京着色。
		canvas.drawCircle(px, py, radius, circlePaint);

		canvas.save();
		canvas.rotate(-bearing, px, py);

		// 剩下要做的就只有绘制标记了。把画布旋转一圈，并且每15度画一个标记，每45度画一个方向的缩写。
		int textWidth = (int) textPaint.measureText("W");
		int cardinalX = px - textWidth / 2;
		int cardinalY = py - radius + textHeight;

		// 每15度绘制一个标记，每45度绘制一个文本
		for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) {
			canvas.drawLine(px, py - radius, px, py - radius + 20, markerPaint);

			canvas.save();
			canvas.translate(0, textHeight);

			// 绘制基本方位
			if (i % 6 == 0) {

				switch (i) {
				case 0: {
					dirString = north;
					int arrowY = 2 * textHeight;
					canvas.drawLine(px, arrowY, px - 5, 5 * textHeight,
							markerPaint);
					canvas.drawLine(px, arrowY, px + 5, 5 * textHeight,
							markerPaint);
				}

					break;
				case 6:
					dirString = east;
					break;
				case 12:
					dirString = south;
					break;
				case 18:
					dirString = west;
					break;
				}
				canvas.drawText(dirString, cardinalX, cardinalY, textPaint);
			} else if (i % 3 == 0) {
				// 每45度绘制文本
				String angle = String.valueOf(i * 15);
				float angleTextWidth = textPaint.measureText(angle);

				int angleTextX = (int) (px - angleTextWidth / 2);
				int angleTextY = py - radius + textHeight;
				canvas.drawText(angle, angleTextX, angleTextY, textPaint);
			}
			canvas.restore();
			canvas.rotate(15, px, py);
		}
		canvas.restore();
	}

	@Override
	public boolean dispatchPopulateAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {
		super.dispatchPopulateAccessibilityEvent(event);
		if (isShown()) {
			String bearingStr = String.valueOf(bearing);
			if (bearingStr.length() > AccessibilityEvent.MAX_TEXT_LENGTH)
				bearingStr = bearingStr.substring(0,
						AccessibilityEvent.MAX_TEXT_LENGTH);

			event.getText().add(bearingStr);
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

}

源代码下载：

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