IOS开发基础知识--碎片13

1:运行程序报the file couldn‘t be opened because you don‘t have permission to view it 

解决办法:项目—>targets->build settings->build options->changed the value of the "Compiler for C/C++/Objective-C" to Default Compiler. 

2:百度地图引用

1.1如图引用的是.framework形式开发包时,引入的命名空间则是
#import <BaiduMapAPI/BMapKit.h>//引入所有的头文件
#import <BaiduMapAPI/BMKMapView.h>//只引入所需的单个头文件
如果是引入用的是.a形式开发包时,引入的命名空间则是
#import “BMapKit.h"

1.2百度地图现在提供的两个.framework的包,一个是真机一个是测试机,可以使用终端的命令把它合成一个;

3:自定义大头针百度地图

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    //百度地图初始化
    _mapView=[[BMKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT-NAVBARHEIGHT)];
    _mapView.delegate=self;
    [self.view addSubview:_mapView];
    
    //标出坐标点
    [self addPointAnnotation];
}

//添加标注
- (void)addPointAnnotation
{
    for (int i=0; i<self.coordinates.count; i++) {
        coordinateBean *model=self.coordinates[i];
        
        BMKPointAnnotation* pointAnnotation = [[BMKPointAnnotation alloc]init];
        CLLocationCoordinate2D coor;
        coor.latitude = model.latitude;
        coor.longitude = model.longitude;
        pointAnnotation.coordinate = coor;
        
        //通过title来起到传值的作用
        pointAnnotation.title=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",i];
        [_mapView addAnnotation:pointAnnotation];
        //显示弹出窗
        [_mapView selectAnnotation:pointAnnotation animated:YES];
        
        
        
        //判断那个是中心,没有则0必传参数
        if (i==self.selectIndex) {
            BMKCoordinateRegion region; ////表示范围的结构体
            region.center.latitude  = model.latitude;// 中心中
            region.center.longitude = model.longitude;
            region.span.latitudeDelta = 0;//经度范围(设置为0.1表示显示范围为0.2的纬度范围)
            region.span.longitudeDelta = 0;//纬度范围
            
            [_mapView setRegion:region];
        }
    }
}
//处理自定义弹出视图
- (BMKAnnotationView *)mapView:(BMKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id <BMKAnnotation>)annotation
{
    if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[BMKPointAnnotation class]]) {
        BMKPinAnnotationView *newAnnotationView = [[BMKPinAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:@"myrenameMark"];
        newAnnotationView.pinColor = BMKPinAnnotationColorPurple;
        newAnnotationView.animatesDrop = YES;// 设置该标注点动画显示
       
        newAnnotationView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:self.mapPointImageName];   //把大头针换成别的图片
        
        int selectIndex=[((BMKPointAnnotation *)annotation).title intValue];
        //获得值
        coordinateBean *model=[self.coordinates objectAtIndex:[((BMKPointAnnotation *)annotation).title intValue]];
        
        
        UIView *popView=[[UIView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 3, 100, 20)];
        
        UIImage *img=[UIImage imageNamed:@"mapViewBackground"];
        UIEdgeInsets edge=UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 20, 0, 10);
        img=[img resizableImageWithCapInsets:edge resizingMode:UIImageResizingModeStretch];
        UIImageView *myimage=[[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:img];
        myimage.frame=CGRectMake(30, 0, 100, 40);
        myimage.userInteractionEnabled=YES;
        
        [popView addSubview:myimage];
        
        
        //自定义显示的内容
        UILabel *driverName = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 3, 100, 15)];
        driverName.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor];
        driverName.text=model.title;
        driverName.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
        driverName.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];
        driverName.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;
        [myimage addSubview:driverName];
        
        UILabel *carName = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 18, 100, 15)];
        carName.backgroundColor=[UIColor clearColor];
        carName.text=model.comments;
        carName.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
        carName.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];
        carName.textAlignment = NSTextAlignmentLeft;
        [myimage addSubview:carName];
        
        
        BMKActionPaopaoView *pView = [[BMKActionPaopaoView alloc]initWithCustomView:popView];
        pView.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 40);
        ((BMKPinAnnotationView*)newAnnotationView).paopaoView = nil;
        ((BMKPinAnnotationView*)newAnnotationView).paopaoView = pView;
        newAnnotationView.tag=selectIndex+10;
        
        return newAnnotationView;
    }
    return nil;
}


- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
    // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
/**
 *  @author wujunyang, 15-05-12 13:05:05
 *
 *  @brief  跟对百度地图的处理
 *  @param animated <#animated description#>
 */
-(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [_mapView viewWillAppear];

    _mapView.delegate=self;
    _locationService.delegate=self;
}
/**
 *  @author wujunyang, 15-01-06 10:01:53
 *
 *  跟对百度地图的处理
 *
 *  @param animated <#animated description#>
 */
-(void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [_mapView viewWillDisappear];
    _mapView.delegate=nil;
    _locationService.delegate=nil;
}

其中有个自定义model:

@interface coordinateBean : NSObject
//纬度
@property(assign,nonatomic)float latitude;
//经度
@property(assign,nonatomic)float longitude;
//标题
@property(strong,nonatomic)NSString *title;
//注解
@property(strong,nonatomic)NSString *comments;
@end

 4:自动隐藏和显示工具栏和导航条

toolbar属性、toolbarItems与上一讲的navigationBar、navigationItem类似。只不过toolbarItems没有navigationItem的左右区分,它就自己一个人在做事,相当于没有下属。可以在toolbar上设置很多,比如背景颜色、背景图片、背景样式、大小位置(不过有些貌似设置无效),当然和navigationBar一样,对于它的是否显示和隐藏是由它的老爸即navigationController控制的。

所以[self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:YES animated:YES];也会把底部的toolBarItems给隐藏起来,如果要隐藏导航又不想底部toolBarItems被隐藏掉,可以用普通的view替代toolBarItems;

首先在viewDidLoad里设置toolBarHidden = NO, 默认是YES(隐藏的)

为了让toolbar显示,需要设置为NO(不隐藏)。

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"隐藏导航栏";
    // self.toolbarItems
    self.navigationController.toolbar.barStyle = self.toolBar.barStyle;
    self.navigationController.toolbarHidden = NO;

    [self.navigationController.toolbar setTranslucent:YES];

     self.toolbarItems = [[[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithArray:self.toolBar.items] autorelease];
}
 
在点击中间button的时候的显示和隐藏navigation bar和toolBar


实现代码如下:

- (IBAction)toggleNavigationBar:(id)sender
{
    //Check the current state of the navigation bar...
    BOOL navBarState = [self.navigationController isNavigationBarHidden];
    //Set the navigationBarHidden to the opposite of the current state.
    [self.navigationController setNavigationBarHidden:!navBarState animated:YES];
    [self.navigationController setToolbarHidden:!navBarState animated:YES];
    //Change the label on the button.
    if (navBarState)
    {
        [button setTitle:@"隐藏 Navigationr and toolbar" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [button setTitle:@"隐藏 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
    }
    else
    {
        [button setTitle:@"显示 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        [button setTitle:@"显示 Navigation Bar toolbar" forState:UIControlStateHighlighted];
    }
}

5:View代码结构的一些建议

在viewDidload里面只做addSubview的事情,然后在viewWillAppear里面做布局的事情,最后在viewDidAppear里面做Notification的监听之类的事情。至于属性的初始化,则交给getter去做。

@interface CustomObject()
@property (nonatomic, strong) UILabel *label;
@end

@implement

#pragma mark - life cycle

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];

    [self.view addSubview:self.label];
}

- (void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated
{
    [super viewWillAppear:animated];

    self.label.frame = CGRectMake(1, 2, 3, 4);
}

#pragma mark - getters and setters

- (UILabel *)label
{
    if (_label == nil) {
        _label = [[UILabel alloc] init];
        _label.text = @"1234";
        _label.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:12];
        ... ...
    }
    return label;
}
@end

注意:*重点,在get方法里面不能写self.noLabel;千万不要用“点”语法,这样会造成get方法死循环,因为“点”语法就是调用的get方法,所以要用下划线属性名的方法得到对象(在内存这其实是一个指针)。

6: iOS中的生成随机数方法

生成0-x之间的随机正整数

int value =arc4random_uniform(x + 1);

生成随机正整数

int value = arc4random() 

通过arc4random() 获取0到x-1之间的整数的代码如下:

int value = arc4random() % x; 

获取1到x之间的整数的代码如下: 

int value = (arc4random() % x) + 1; 

最后如果想生成一个浮点数,可以在项目中定义如下宏:

#define ARC4RANDOM_MAX      0x100000000 

然后就可以使用arc4random() 来获取0到100之间浮点数了(精度是rand()的两倍),代码如下:

double val = floorf(((double)arc4random() / ARC4RANDOM_MAX) * 100.0f);

实例(从数组中随机显示出一个背景图,再通过网络加载显示出来):

 self.bgView=[[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)];
    self.bgView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"AppBg"];
    [self.view addSubview:self.bgView];
    [self.view sendSubviewToBack:self.bgView];
    
    NSDictionary *params=[[NSDictionary alloc] init];
    [[HomeMainNetAPIManager sharedManager] getBackgroundImage:params andBlock:^(id data, NSError *error) {
        if (!error&&data) {
            BackgroundImageBean *groundImagebean =(BackgroundImageBean *)data;
            int dataNum=groundImagebean.data.count;
            if (groundImagebean.data&&dataNum>0) {
                int r=arc4random_uniform(dataNum);
                GroundImageBean *curBean=groundImagebean.data[r];
                [self.bgView sd_setImageWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:curBean.ImgUrl] placeholderImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"AppBg"] completed:^(UIImage *image, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, NSURL *imageURL) {
                    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
                        self.bgView.image=image;
                    });
                }];
            }

        }
    }];

7:沙盒路径知识整理

模拟器的路径从之前的~/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator移动到了~/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/

文件都在个人用户名文件夹下的一个隐藏文件夹里,中文叫资源库,他的目录其实是Library。

因为应用是在沙箱(sandbox)中的,在文件读写权限上受到限制,只能在几个目录下读写文件:
Documents:应用中用户数据可以放在这里,iTunes备份和恢复的时候会包括此目录
tmp:存放临时文件,iTunes不会备份和恢复此目录,此目录下文件可能会在应用退出后删除
Library/Caches:存放缓存文件,iTunes不会备份此目录,此目录下文件不会在应用退出删除

iTunes在与iPhone同步时,备份所有的Documents和Library文件。
iPhone在重启时,会丢弃所有的tmp文件。

查看方法:
方法1、可以设置显示隐藏文件,然后在Finder下直接打开。设置查看隐藏文件的方法如下:打开终端,输入命名
(1)显示Mac隐藏文件的命令:defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool true
(2)隐藏Mac隐藏文件的命令:defaults write com.apple.finder AppleShowAllFiles -bool false
(3)输完单击Enter键,退出终端,重新启动Finder就可以了 重启Finder:鼠标单击窗口左上角的苹果标志-->强制退出-->Finder-->
现在能看到资源库文件夹了。 
打开资源库后找到/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/文件夹。这里面就是模拟器的各个程序的沙盒目录了。
方法2、这种方法更方便,在Finder上点->前往->前往文件夹,输入/Users/username/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/  前往。
username这里写用户名。 

自定义类返回各目录路径:

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface ICSandboxHelper : NSObject

+ (NSString *)homePath;     // 程序主目录,可见子目录(3个):Documents、Library、tmp
+ (NSString *)appPath;        // 程序目录,不能存任何东西
+ (NSString *)docPath;        // 文档目录,需要ITUNES同步备份的数据存这里,可存放用户数据
+ (NSString *)libPrefPath;    // 配置目录,配置文件存这里
+ (NSString *)libCachePath;    // 缓存目录,系统永远不会删除这里的文件,ITUNES会删除
+ (NSString *)tmpPath;        // 临时缓存目录,APP退出后,系统可能会删除这里的内容
+ (BOOL)hasLive:(NSString *)path; //判断目录是否存在,不存在则创建

实现代码:

#import "ICSandboxHelper.h"

@implementation ICSandboxHelper

+ (NSString *)homePath{
    return NSHomeDirectory();
}

+ (NSString *)appPath
{
    NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSApplicationDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    return [paths objectAtIndex:0];
}

+ (NSString *)docPath
{
    NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    return [paths objectAtIndex:0];
}

+ (NSString *)libPrefPath
{
    NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    return [[paths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingFormat:@"/Preference"];
}

+ (NSString *)libCachePath
{
    NSArray * paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSLibraryDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    return [[paths objectAtIndex:0] stringByAppendingFormat:@"/Caches"];
}

+ (NSString *)tmpPath
{return [NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingFormat:@"/tmp"];
}

+ (BOOL)hasLive:(NSString *)path
{
    if ( NO == [[NSFileManager defaultManager] fileExistsAtPath:path] )
    {
        return [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath:path
                                         withIntermediateDirectories:YES
                                                          attributes:nil
                                                               error:NULL];
    }
    
    return NO;
}

 

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