重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (67) - 后台任务: 推送通知
作者:webabcd
介绍
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps
之 后台任务
- 推送通知
示例
1、客户端
BackgroundTask/PushNotification.xaml
<Page x:Class="XamlDemo.BackgroundTask.PushNotification" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:local="using:XamlDemo.BackgroundTask" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" mc:Ignorable="d"> <Grid Background="Transparent"> <StackPanel Margin="120 0 0 0"> <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" FontSize="14.667" TextWrapping="Wrap" /> <Button Name="btnCreateChannel" Content="create the channel" Margin="0 10 0 0" Click="btnCreateChannel_Click" /> <TextBox Name="txtUri" Margin="0 10 10 0" /> <Image Source="wns.png" Margin="0 10 0 0" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Width="800" /> </StackPanel> </Grid> </Page>
BackgroundTask/PushNotification.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何接收推送通知 * * 注: * 需要在 Package.appxmanifest 中增加后台任务声明,并勾选“推送通知” * 在 win8 商店创建了应用后,需要将此 app 的商店中的 identity 复制到 Package.appxmanifest 的 identity 节点 * 不能在模拟器中运行 * 每次新建的 channel 有效期为 30 天 * * 另: * WNS - Windows Push Notification Service * 推送通知的服务端参见:WebServer/PushNotification 内的文件 */ using System; using Windows.ApplicationModel.Background; using Windows.Networking.PushNotifications; using Windows.UI.Notifications; using Windows.UI.Popups; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace XamlDemo.BackgroundTask { public sealed partial class PushNotification : Page { public PushNotification() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private async void btnCreateChannel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 当收到推送的 raw 通知时,如果 app 在锁屏,则可以触发后台任务以执行相关的逻辑(PushNotificationTrigger) BackgroundAccessStatus status = BackgroundExecutionManager.GetAccessStatus(); if (status == BackgroundAccessStatus.Unspecified) { status = await BackgroundExecutionManager.RequestAccessAsync(); } if (status == BackgroundAccessStatus.Denied) { await new MessageDialog("请先将此 app 添加到锁屏").ShowAsync(); return; } // 创建一个推送通知信道,每个新建的 channel 有效期为 30 天,所以建议每次进入 app 后都重新建一个 channel(但是需要注意间隔较短的话,则会复用之前的 channel) PushNotificationChannel channel = await PushNotificationChannelManager.CreatePushNotificationChannelForApplicationAsync(); // 接收到通知后所触发的事件 channel.PushNotificationReceived += channel_PushNotificationReceived; // channel.Close(); // 关闭 channel // channel.ExpirationTime; // channel 的过期时间,此时间过后 channel 则失效 // channel 的 uri 地址,服务端通过此 uri 向此 app 推送通知 txtUri.Text = channel.Uri.ToString(); } void channel_PushNotificationReceived(PushNotificationChannel sender, PushNotificationReceivedEventArgs args) { switch (args.NotificationType) { case PushNotificationType.Badge: // badge 通知 BadgeUpdateManager.CreateBadgeUpdaterForApplication().Update(args.BadgeNotification); break; case PushNotificationType.Raw: // raw 通知 // 当收到推送的 raw 通知时,如果 app 在锁屏,则可以触发后台任务以执行相关的逻辑(PushNotificationTrigger) string msg = args.RawNotification.Content; break; case PushNotificationType.Tile: // tile 通知 TileUpdateManager.CreateTileUpdaterForApplication().Update(args.TileNotification); break; case PushNotificationType.Toast: // toast 通知 ToastNotificationManager.CreateToastNotifier().Show(args.ToastNotification); break; default: break; } args.Cancel = true; } } }
Package.appxmanifest
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Package xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/appx/2010/manifest"> <!--以下借用“贪吃的蛇”的 Identity,以便演示推送通知--> <!--Identity Name="10437webabcd.173815756DD78" Publisher="CN=27514DEC-C708-4EDB-BFEA-F956384483D0" Version="1.0.0.0" /--> <Identity Name="webabcd.win8.XamlDemo" Publisher="CN=wanglei" Version="1.0.0.0" /> </Package>
2、服务端
WebServer/PushNotification/OAuthToken.cs
/* * 用于反序列化从 https://login.live.com/accesstoken.srf 获取到的结果 */ using System.Runtime.Serialization; namespace WebServer.PushNotification { [DataContract] public class OAuthToken { [DataMember(Name = "access_token")] public string AccessToken { get; set; } [DataMember(Name = "token_type")] public string TokenType { get; set; } } }
WebServer/PushNotification/OAuthHelper.cs
/* * https://login.live.com/accesstoken.srf 的 OAuth 验证的帮助类 */ using System; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Runtime.Serialization.Json; using System.Text; namespace WebServer.PushNotification { public class OAuthHelper { /// <summary> /// 获取 https://login.live.com/accesstoken.srf 的 OAuth 验证的 access-token /// </summary> /// <param name="secret">在 win8 商店创建 app 后获取到的 “客户端密钥”</param> /// <param name="sid">在 win8 商店创建 app 后获取到的 “程序包安全标识符(SID)”</param> /// <returns></returns> public OAuthToken GetAccessToken(string secret, string sid) { var urlEncodedSecret = UrlEncode(secret); var urlEncodedSid = UrlEncode(sid); var body = String.Format("grant_type=client_credentials&client_id={0}&client_secret={1}&scope=notify.windows.com", urlEncodedSid, urlEncodedSecret); string response; using (WebClient client = new WebClient()) { client.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); response = client.UploadString("https://login.live.com/accesstoken.srf", body); } return GetOAuthTokenFromJson(response); } private OAuthToken GetOAuthTokenFromJson(string jsonString) { using (var ms = new MemoryStream(Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(jsonString))) { var ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(OAuthToken)); var oAuthToken = (OAuthToken)ser.ReadObject(ms); return oAuthToken; } } private static string UrlEncode(string str) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); byte[] byStr = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str); for (int i = 0; i < byStr.Length; i++) { sb.Append(@"%" + Convert.ToString(byStr[i], 16)); } return (sb.ToString()); } } }
WebServer/PushNotification/Push.aspx.cs
/* * 演示如何向 app 推送通知 * * 注: * 关于推送通知服务请求和响应头的详细说明参见:http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/windows/apps/hh465435.aspx */ using System; using System.IO; using System.Net; using System.Text; namespace WebServer.PushNotification { public partial class Push : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { // 向某个 app 推送通知的 channel 地址 string notifyUrl = "https://sin.notify.windows.com/?token=AgYAAABQnraWSMQXRveiofxSXGKMHaPB84FLMhFa3D6TQZRHzRSPeByl%2f1O%2frPAcc3ipjpT2cQXfivh589zEV8AOYkR%2fLwXoT2esZnC3hS%2fN7q94ZzJFLnpQsDsYNolFiEAhbHQ%3d"; // 在 win8 商店创建 app 后获取到的 “程序包安全标识符(SID)” string sid = "ms-app://s-1-15-2-1530173461-470787880-3155417234-2904423500-2475821181-4070965884-3773336209"; // 在 win8 商店创建 app 后获取到的 “客户端密钥” string secret = "bs08Acs1RG7jB7pkGVMh8EmGKCG3pH+3"; OAuthHelper oAuth = new OAuthHelper(); OAuthToken token = oAuth.GetAccessToken(secret, sid); try { HttpWebRequest myRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(notifyUrl); // toast, tile, badge 为 text/xml; raw 为 application/octet-stream myRequest.ContentType = "text/xml"; // 推送消息的类型:wns/toast | wns/badge | wns/tile | wns/raw myRequest.Headers.Add("X-WNS-Type", "wns/toast"); // 设置 access-token myRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization", String.Format("Bearer {0}", token.AccessToken)); // 注:app 通过 toast 激活后可以通过 OnLaunched() 中的 args.Arguments 来获取此处 launch 指定的值 string toastMessage = "<toast launch=‘param‘><visual version=‘1‘><binding template=‘ToastText01‘><text id=‘1‘>推送通知:" + DateTime.Now.ToString("mm:ss") + "</text></binding></visual></toast>"; byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(toastMessage); myRequest.ContentLength = buffer.Length; myRequest.Method = "POST"; using (Stream stream = myRequest.GetRequestStream()) { stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); } using (HttpWebResponse webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)myRequest.GetResponse()) { /* * 响应代码说明 * 200 - OK,WNS 已接收到通知 * 400 - 错误的请求 * 401 - 未授权,token 可能无效 * 403 - 已禁止,manifest 中的 identity 可能不对 * 404 - 未找到 * 405 - 方法不允许 * 406 - 无法接受 * 410 - 不存在,信道不存在或过期 * 413 - 请求实体太大,限制为 5000 字节 * 500 - 内部服务器错误 * 503 - 服务不可用 */ Response.Write(webResponse.StatusCode.ToString()); //如果成功应该是返回 200 ok } } catch (Exception ex) { Response.Write(ex.ToString()); } } } }
OK
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