linux下怎么修改mysql的字符集编码默认分类

安装完的MySQL的默认字符集为 latin1 ,为了要将其字符集改为用户所需要的(比如utf8),就必须改其相关的配置文件;由于linux下MySQL的默认安装目录分布在不同的文件下;不像windows一样放在同一目录下,只需修改其中的my.ini文件,重起后就生效了;所以先来看看linux下MySQL的数据库文件、配置文件和命令文件分别在不同的目录 :
     1、数据库目录,其所创建的数据库文件都在该目录下
  /var/lib/mysql/
 
   2、配置文件 (mysql.server命令及配置文件所在地)
  /usr/share/mysql
 
   3、相关命令(如mysql mysqladmin等)
  /usr/bin
 
   4、启动脚本(如mysql启动命令)
  /etc/rc.d/init.d/
 
     
           查看默认字符集
            #mysql -u root - p
            #(输入密码)
            mysql> show variables like ‘character_set%‘ ;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
            修改字符集 :
         1.查找/etc目录下是否有my.cnf文件;
            #ls -l | grep my.cnf (在/etc下查找是否有my.cnf文件存在)
          2.如果没有就要从/usr/share/mysql,拷贝一个到/etc 下,在/usr/share/mysql目录下有五个后缀为.cnf的文件,分别是 my-huge.cnf    my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf    my-large.cnf   my-medium.cnf     my-small.cnf ;从中随便拷贝一个到/etc目录下并将其改为my.cnf文件,我选择的是my-medium.cnf :
           #cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf   /etc/my.cnf
          3.修改my.cnf文件,在该文件中的三个地方加上 default-character-set=utf8([client] [mysqld] [mysql])
             #vi  /etc/my.cnf
             修改如下:(红色为添加部分)
             [client]
            #password       = your_password
             port            = 3306
             socket          = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
             default-character-set=utf8   (经过验证好像这一步不用设置也可以达到效果)
              [mysqld]
               port            = 3306
                socket          = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
                skip-locking
                key_buffer = 16M
                max_allowed_packet = 1M
                table_cache = 64
                sort_buffer_size = 512K
                net_buffer_length = 8K
               read_buffer_size = 256K
               read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
               myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
               default-character-set=utf8
               init_connect=‘SET NAMES utf8‘
 
               [mysql]
               no-auto-rehash
               default-character-set=utf8
              保存退出;
           4.重起MySQL服务器,使其设置的内容生效
              #/etc/init.d/mysql  restart
            5. 重新登入mysql;
               # mysql -u root - p
                #(输入密码)
               mysql> show variables like ‘character_set%‘ ;
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |(都生成了utf8,成功了 哈哈哈)
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
 
        mysql启动和停止 操作 :
        可以通过 #/etc/init.d/mysql   [start | stop | restart](实现启动,停止,重启)
        也可以通过 #service mysql [start | stop | restart](实现启动,停止,重启)
*********************************
另外:如果在修改字符集前,尝试在数据库中插入中文,那么当修改了字符集后,在你所插入中文的数据库中(在别的数据库中可能没问题),
通过show variables like ‘character_set%‘查询的结果可如下:
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

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