监控Oracle数据库的常用shell脚本-转
8个DBA最常用的监控Oracle数据库的常用shell脚本--转
分类: Linux
一.8个重要的脚本来监控Oracle数据库:
1.检查实例的可用性
2.检查监听器的可用性
3.检查alert日志文件中的错误信息
4.在存放log文件的地方满以前清空旧的log文件
5.分析table和index以获得更好的性能
6.检查表空间的使用情况
7.找出无效的对象
8.监控用户和事务
二.DBA需要的Unix基本知识
基本的UNIX命令,以下是一些常用的Unix命令:
ps--显示进程
grep--搜索文件中的某种文本模式
mailx--读取或者发送mail
cat--连接文件或者显示它们
cut--选择显示的列
awk--模式匹配语言
df--显示剩余的磁盘空间
以下是DBA如何使用这些命令的一些例子:
1. 显示服务器上的可用实例: $ ps -ef| grep smon oracle 22086 1 0 02:32:24 ? 0:04 ora_smon_PPRD10 oracle 5215 28972 0 08:10:19 pts/4 0:00 grep smon
2. 显示服务器上的可用监听器: $ ps -ef grep listener grep -v grep (grep命令应该加上-i参数,即grep -i listener,该参数的作用是忽略大小写,因为有些时候listener是大写的,这时就会看不到结果) $ ps -ef|grep -i listener oracle 9655 1 0 Mar 12 ? 0:01 /data/app/oracle/9.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit oracle 22610 1 0 02:45:02 ? 0:02 /data/app/oracle/10.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit oracle 5268 28972 0 08:13:02 pts/4 0:00 grep -i listener
3. 查看Oracle存档目录的文件系统使用情况 $ df -k | grep /data /dev/md/dsk/d50 104977675 88610542 15317357 86% /data
4. 统计alter.log文件中的行数: $ cat alert_PPRD10.log | wc -l 13124 $ more alert_PPRD10.log | wc -l 13124
5. 列出alert.log文件中的全部Oracle错误信息: $ grep ORA-* alert.log ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kcrrrfswda.1], [], [], [], [], [] ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [1881], [25860496], [25857716], []
6. CRONTAB基本 一个crontab文件中包含有六个字段: 分钟 0-59 小时 0-23 月中的第几天 1-31 月份 1 - 12 星期几 0 - 6, with 0 = Sunday
7. Unix命令或者Shell脚本 要编辑一个crontab文件,输入: Crontab -e 要查看一个crontab文件,输入: Crontab -l 0 4 * * 5 /dba/admin/analyze_table.ksh 30 3 * * 3,6 /dba/admin/hotbackup.ksh /dev/null 2>&1 在上面的例子中,第一行显示了一个分析表的脚本在每个星期5的4:00am运行。第二行显示了一个执行热备份的脚本在每个周三和周六的3:00a.m.运行。
三.监控数据库的常用Shell脚本 以下提供的8个shell脚本覆盖了DBA每日监控工作的90%,你可能还需要修改UNIX的环境变量。
1. 检查Oracle实例的可用性 oratab文件中列出了服务器上的所有数据库 $ cat /var/opt/oracle/oratab #
# This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh # and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating # a database.
# A colon, ‘:‘, is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates # the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, ‘#‘, are comments. # # Entries are of the form. # $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>: # # The first and second fields are the system identifier and home # directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates # to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not, # "N", be brought up at system boot time. # # Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed. # # # *:/data/app/oracle/9.2.0:N TRNG:/data/app/oracle/9.2.0:Y *:/data/app/oracle/9.2.0:N PPRD:/data/app/oracle/10.2.0:Y PPRD10:/data/app/oracle/10.2.0:N
以下的脚本检查oratab文件中列出的所有数据库,并且找出该数据库的状态(启动还是关闭) ################################################################### ## ckinstance.ksh ## ################################################################### ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab echo "`date` " echo "Oracle Database(s) Status `hostname` :\n" db=`egrep -i ":Y|:N" $ORATAB | cut -d":" -f1 | grep -v "\#" | grep -v "\*"` pslist="`ps -ef | grep pmon`" for i in $db ; do echo "$pslist" | grep "ora_pmon_$i" > /dev/null 2>$1 if (( $? )); then echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Down" else echo "Oracle Instance - $i: Up" fi done
使用以下的命令来确认该脚本是可以执行的: $ chmod 744 ckinstance.ksh $ ls -l ckinstance.ksh -rwxr--r-- 1 oracle dba 657 Mar 5 22:59 ckinstance.ksh
以下是实例可用性的报表: $ sh ckinstance.ksh Wed May 13 12:51:20 PDT 2009 Oracle Database(s) Status gambels : Oracle Instance - PPRD: Up Oracle Instance - PPRD10: Up
2. 检查Oracle监听器的可用性 以下有一个类似的脚本检查Oracle监听器。假如监听器停了,该脚本将会重新启动监听器: ##################################################################### ## cklsnr.sh ## ##################################################################### #!/bin/ksh TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle; export TNS_ADMIN ORACLE_SID= PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID ORAENV_ASK=NO; export ORAENV_ASK PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/local/bin; export PATH . oraenv DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST cd /var/opt/oracle rm -f lsnr.exist ps -ef | grep PPRD10 | grep -v grep > lsnr.exist if [ -s lsnr.exist ] then echo else echo "Alert" | mailx -s "Listener ‘PPRD10‘ on `hostname` is down" $DBALIST lsnrctl start PPRD10 fi
3. 检查Alert日志(ORA-XXXXX) #################################################################### ## ckalertlog.sh ## #################################################################### #!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS‘; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST
cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/PPRD10/bdump if [ -f alert_PPRD10.log ] then mv alert_PPRD10.log alert_work.log touch alert_PPRD10.log cat alert_work.log >> alert_PPRD10.hist grep ORA- alert_work.log > alert.err fi if [ `cat alert.err | wc -l` -gt 0 ] then mailx -s " PPRD10 ORACLE ALERT ERRORS" $DBALIST < alert.err fi rm -f alert.err rm -f alert_work.log
4. 清除旧的归档文件 以下的脚本将会在log文件达到90%容量的时候清空旧的归档文件: $ df -k | grep arch Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on /dev/vx/dsk/proddg/archive 71123968 30210248 40594232 43% /u08/archive
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####################################################################### ## clean_arch.ksh ## ####################################################################### #!/bin/ksh df -k | grep arch > dfk.result archive_filesystem=`awk -F" " ‘{ print $6 }‘ dfk.result` archive_capacity=`awk -F" " ‘{ print $5 }‘ dfk.result`
if [ $archive_capacity > 90% ] then echo "Filesystem ${archive_filesystem} is ${archive_capacity} filled" # try one of the following option depend on your need find $archive_filesystem -type f -mtime +2 -exec rm -r {} ; tar rman fi
5. 分析表和索引(以得到更好的性能) 以下我将展示假如传送参数到一个脚本中: #################################################################### ## analyze_table.sh ## #################################################################### #!/bin/ksh # input parameter: 1: passWord # 2: SID if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter ‘oracle‘ user password as the first parameter !" exit 0 fi if (($#<2)) then echo "Please enter instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0 fi 要传入参数以执行该脚本,输入: $ analyze_table.sh manager oradb1 脚本的第一部分产生了一个analyze.sql文件,里面包含了分析表用的语句。脚本的第二部分分析全部的表: ################################################################# ## analyze_table.sh ## ################################################################# sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF set heading off set feed off set pagesize 200 set linesize 100 spool analyze_table.sql select ‘ANALYZE TABLE ‘ || owner || ‘.‘ || segment_name || ‘ ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;‘ from dba_segments where segment_type = ‘TABLE‘ and owner not in (‘SYS‘, ‘SYSTEM‘); spool off exit EOF sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF @./analyze_table.sql exit EOF
以下是analyze.sql的一个例子: $ cat analyze.sql ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSAGE_SUMMARY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE HIRWIN.JANUSER_PROFILE ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE APPSSYS.HIST_SYSTEM_ACTIVITY ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE HTOMEH.QUEST_IM_VERSION ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT; ANALYZE TABLE JSTENZEL.HIST_SYS_ACT_0615 ESTIMATE STATISTICS SAMPLE 10 PERCENT;
6. 检查表空间的使用 以下的脚本检测表空间的使用。假如表空间只剩下10%,它将会发送一个警告email。 ##################################################################### ## ck_tbsp.sh ## ##################################################################### #!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS‘; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST
sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF set feed off set linesize 100 set pagesize 200 column "USED (MB)" format a10 column "FREE (MB)" format a10 column "TOTAL (MB)" format a10 column PER_FREE format a10 spool tablespace.alert SELECT F.TABLESPACE_NAME, TO_CHAR ((T.TOTAL_SPACE - F.FREE_SPACE),‘999,999‘) "USED (MB)", TO_CHAR (F.FREE_SPACE, ‘999,999‘) "FREE (MB)", TO_CHAR (T.TOTAL_SPACE, ‘999,999‘) "TOTAL (MB)", TO_CHAR ((ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)),‘999‘)||‘ %‘ PER_FREE FROM ( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND (SUM (BLOCKS*(SELECT VALUE/1024 FROM V\$PARAMETER WHERE NAME = ‘db_block_size‘)/1024) ) FREE_SPACE FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME ) F, ( SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME, ROUND (SUM (BYTES/1048576)) TOTAL_SPACE FROM DBA_DATA_FILES GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME ) T WHERE F.TABLESPACE_NAME = T.TABLESPACE_NAME AND (ROUND ((F.FREE_SPACE/T.TOTAL_SPACE)*100)) < 80; spool off exit EOF if [ `cat tablespace.alert|wc -l` -gt 0 ] then cat tablespace.alert > tablespace.tmp mailx -s "TABLESPACE ALERT for PPRD10" $DBALIST < tablespace.tmp fi
警告email输出的例子如下: TABLESPACE_NAME USED (MB) FREE (MB) TOTAL (MB) PER_FREE ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- SYSTEM 519 401 920 44 % MILLDATA 559 441 1,000 44 % SYSAUX 331 609 940 65 % MILLREPORTS 146 254 400 64 %
7. 查找出无效的数据库对象 以下查找出无效的数据库对象: ##################################################################### ##invalid_object_alert.sh #####################################################################
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#!/bin/ksh EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS‘; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST
sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF set feed off set heading off column OWNER format a10 column OBJECT_NAME format a35 column OBJECT_TYPE format a10 column STATUS format a10 spool invalid_object.alert SELECT OWNER, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE, STATUS FROM DBA_OBJECTS WHERE STATUS = ‘INVALID‘ ORDER BY OWNER, OBJECT_TYPE, OBJECT_NAME; spool off exit EOF if [ `cat invalid_object.alert | wc -l` -gt 0 ] then mailx -s "INVALID OBJECTS for PPRD10" $DBALIST < invalid_object.alert fi
$ more invalid_object.alert
PUBLIC ALL_WM_LOCKED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC ALL_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC DBA_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_CART_TEXT SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_GEOMETRY SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_REGAGGR SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_REGAGGRSET SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_REGION SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC SDO_REGIONSET SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC USER_WM_LOCKED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC USER_WM_VERSIONED_TABLES SYNONYM INVALID PUBLIC WM_COMPRESS_BATCH_SIZES SYNONYM INVALID
8. 监视用户和事务(死锁等) 以下的脚本在死锁发生的时候发送一个警告e-mail: ################################################################### ## deadlock_alert.sh ## ################################################################### #!/bin/ksh
EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR ORACLE_SID=PPRD10; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/10.2.0; export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH TNS_ADMIN=/var/opt/oracle;export TNS_ADMIN NLS_LANG=american; export NLS_LANG NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS‘; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT ORATAB=/var/opt/oracle/oratab;export ORATAB PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/ccs/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/openwin/bin:/opt/bin:.; export PATH DBALIST="www.linuxidc.com,www.linuxidc.net";export DBALIST
sqlplus -s ‘/ as sysdba‘ <<EOF set feed off set heading off spool deadlock.alert SELECT SID, DECODE(BLOCK, 0, ‘NO‘, ‘YES‘ ) BLOCKER, DECODE(REQUEST, 0, ‘NO‘,‘YES‘ ) WAITER FROM V\$LOCK WHERE REQUEST > 0 OR BLOCK > 0 ORDER BY block DESC; spool off exit EOF if [ `cat deadlock.alert | wc -l` -gt 0 ] then mailx -s "DEADLOCK ALERT for PPRD10" $DBALIST < deadlock.alert fi
四. 结论 0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckinstance.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/cklsnr.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/ckalertlog.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 30 * * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/clean_arch.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 * 5 * * 1,3 /dba/scripts/analyze_table.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 * 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/ck_tbsp.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 * 5 * * 0-6 /dba/scripts/invalid_object_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 0,20,40 7-17 * * 1-5 /dba/scripts/deadlock_alert.sh > /dev/null 2>&1 通过以上的脚本,可大大减轻你的工作。你可以使用这些是来做更重要的工作,例如性能调整。
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