oracle 10g 和 11g 关于角色口令的区别

浏览数：32 / 时间：2015年06月12日

角色是一组相关权限的命名集合，使用角色最主要的目的是简化权限管理

而一旦这个集合的权限超过了用户的最低需求，就可能带来数据库的安全风险

角色口令测试

oracle 10g中，无论角色是否有口令，只要你将角色grant给某个用户，那么，默认的情况下，这些角色中的权限，用户都拥有。

oracle 11g中，角色的口令略有修正，当某个角色是拥有口令的话，当你将带有口令的角色 grant 给某个用户的话，那么默认的情况

下，这个带口令的角色下的所有权限，用户是无法拥有的，只有当 set 那个拥有口令的角色后，那么，带口令的

角色下的权限才在当前会话下才可以使用，不过，其他的角色都暂时失效，修改只在当前会话有效。

语法：               ------只在当前会话有效

SET ROLE

   { role [ IDENTIFIED BY password ]
     [, role [ IDENTIFIED BY password ] ]...
   | ALL [ EXCEPT role [, role ]... ]
   | NONE
   } ;

oracle 10g 中测试带口令的角色

SYS@ORCL>select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Prod
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

1. 创建两个角色 role_01 没有密码 role_02 有密码

SYS@ORCL>create role role_01;

Role created.

SYS@ORCL>create role role_02 identified by oracle;

Role created.

2. 赋予角色 role_01 连接、建表权限
SYS@ORCL>grant connect,create table to role_01;

Grant succeeded.

3. 赋予角色 role_02 连接、创建视图权限
SYS@ORCL>grant connect,create view to role_02;

Grant succeeded.

4. 创建测试用户 tyger
SYS@ORCL>create user tyger identified by tyger quota unlimited on users;

User created.

5. 将两个角色赋予tyger
SYS@ORCL>grant role_01,role_02 to tyger;

Grant succeeded.

6. 连接到用户测试
SYS@ORCL>conn tyger/tyger
Connected.
TYGER@ORCL>create table t(x int);

Table created.

TYGER@ORCL>insert into t values(1);

1 row created.

TYGER@ORCL>commit;

Commit complete.

TYGER@ORCL>select * from t;

X
----------
1

TYGER@ORCL>create view view_t as select * from t;

View created.

TYGER@ORCL>select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
VIEW_T VIEW
T TABLE

7. 查看当前用户的角色，两个角色的 DEFAULT_ROLE 都为 YES 说明，这两个角色都生效
TYGER@ORCL>desc user_role_privs;
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
USERNAME VARCHAR2(30)
GRANTED_ROLE VARCHAR2(30)
ADMIN_OPTION VARCHAR2(3)
DEFAULT_ROLE VARCHAR2(3)
OS_GRANTED VARCHAR2(3)

TYGER@ORCL>col username for a10
TYGER@ORCL>col granted_role for a20
TYGER@ORCL>col default_role for a20
TYGER@ORCL>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER ROLE_01 YES
TYGER ROLE_02 YES

8. 查看当前会话具有的权限
TYGER@ORCL>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE
CREATE VIEW

9. set 的应用 ----set 在当前会话中设置角色状态
TYGER@ORCL>set role ROLE_01;

Role set.

10. 查看当前用户的角色，没变化
TYGER@ORCL>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER ROLE_01 YES
TYGER ROLE_02 YES

11. 查看当前会话权限，已经没有 create view 权限，原因：set role role_01 只有role_01 在当前会话生效
TYGER@ORCL>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE

TYGER@ORCL>create view view_2 as select * from t;
create view view_2 as select * from t
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

12. 同样使 role_02 生效，同时 role_01 失效，不过设置的时候需要我们提供密码，因为我们创建角色时使用了密码
TYGER@ORCL>set role role_02;
set role role_02
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01979: missing or invalid password for role ‘ROLE_02‘

TYGER@ORCL>set role role_02 identified by oracle;

Role set.

13. 查看当前用户所拥有的权限，还是没变化
TYGER@ORCL>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER ROLE_01 YES
TYGER ROLE_02 YES

14. 查看当前会话的权限，已经没有 create table 权限
TYGER@ORCL>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE VIEW

TYGER@ORCL>create table t1(x int);
create table t1(x int)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

15. 重新登录会话，连接用户所有权限都恢复原样
TYGER@ORCL>conn tyger/tyger;
Connected.
TYGER@ORCL>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE
CREATE VIEW

总结：在oracle 10g 无论角色是否有口令，将角色赋予给用户后，用户具有角色的全部权限。

oracle 11g 中测试拥有口令的角色

[oracle@ora11gr2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Mar 19 15:28:13 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SYS@ORA11G>select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

1. 创建角色 tyger_ro1 无密码 tyger_ro2 有密码
SYS@ORA11G>create role tyger_ro1;

Role created.

SYS@ORA11G>create role tyger_ro2 identified by oracle;

Role created.

SYS@ORA11G>grant connect,create table to tyger_ro1;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@ORA11G>grant connect,create view to tyger_ro2;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@ORA11G>create user tyger identified by tyger quota unlimited on users;

User created.

SYS@ORA11G>grant tyger_ro1,tyger_ro2 to tyger;

Grant succeeded.

SYS@ORA11G>conn tyger/tyger
Connected.
TYGER@ORA11G>create table t(x int);

Table created.

TYGER@ORA11G>insert into t values(1);

1 row created.

TYGER@ORA11G>commit;

Commit complete.

2. 此时就出现问题了，role_02 明明有 create view 而且赋予给了 tyger 为什么这里就没有呢？
TYGER@ORA11G>create view view_t as select * from t;
create view view_t as select * from t
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

3. 查看 tyger_ro2 的default_role 为NO 难道 role_02 角色失效？？？
TYGER@ORA11G>col username for a10
TYGER@ORA11G>col granted_role for a20
TYGER@ORA11G>col default_role for a20
TYGER@ORA11G>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER TYGER_RO1 YES
TYGER TYGER_RO2 NO

4. 再查看当前会话的权限，果然没有 create view 权限
TYGER@ORA11G>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE TABLE

5. 设置 tyger_ro2 权限生效
TYGER@ORA11G>set role tyger_ro2 identified by oracle;

Role set.

6. 当前用户具有的权限不变
TYGER@ORA11G>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER TYGER_RO1 YES
TYGER TYGER_RO2 NO

7.当前会话用了 create view 权限却没有了create table 权限
TYGER@ORA11G>select * from session_privs;

PRIVILEGE
----------------------------------------
CREATE SESSION
CREATE VIEW

TYGER@ORA11G>create view view_t as select * from t;

View created.

TYGER@ORA11G>select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
T TABLE
VIEW_T VIEW

TYGER@ORA11G>create table t1(x int);
create table t1(x int)
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges

8. 重新登录会话，权限恢复原样

TYGER@ORA11G>conn tyger/tyger
Connected.
TYGER@ORA11G>create table t1(x int);

Table created.

TYGER@ORA11G>select username,granted_role,default_role from user_role_privs;

USERNAME GRANTED_ROLE DEFAULT_ROLE
---------- -------------------- --------------------
TYGER TYGER_RO1 YES
TYGER TYGER_RO2 NO