mongoDB之find()操作

浏览数：42 / 时间：2015年06月12日

一创建数据库

执行操作进入mongodb 使用参数模式也可以使用 db.auth()来验证。

root@timeless-HP-Pavilion-g4-Notebook-PC:/usr/local/apache243/htdocs# /usr/local/mongodb/mongo  -uroot -pxxxxx localhost:27017/admin

下面是第一次创建新的数据库

> use DEMO
switched to db DEMO
> db.user.insert({name:"zhaoxingzhuang",age:18,sex:"man",location:{province:"shandong",city:"jinan",road:"shandaroad-47"}})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find()  //全部查询
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feea0a26be41dca9db0d23"), "name" : "zhaoxingzhuang", "age" : 18, "sex" : "man", "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jinan", "road" : "shandaroad-47" } }
>

继续执行插入操作

1、简单查询 find({field:"value"},{field:0或者1}) ,前边表示查询的条件后边表示查询的字段 0表示不显示该字段 1表示只显示这个字段

> db.user.insert({name:"wangping",age:26,sex:"woman",location:{city:"beijing",road:"zhongguonongyedaxue"}})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feea0a26be41dca9db0d23"), "name" : "zhaoxingzhuang", "age" : 18, "sex" : "man", "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jinan", "road" : "shandaroad-47" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "name" : "wangping", "age" : 26, "sex" : "woman", "location" : { "city" : "beijing", "road" : "zhongguonongyedaxue" } }
> db.user.find({name:"wangping"})// 查询name="wangping"
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "name" : "wangping", "age" : 26, "sex" : "woman", "location" : { "city" : "beijing", "road" : "zhongguonongyedaxue" } }

//字段选取    类似 sql 语句中的 select age from XXX；
> db.user.find({name:"wangping"},{age:0})     //表示不显示 age字段
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "name" : "wangping", "sex" : "woman", "location" : { "city" : "beijing", "road" : "zhongguonongyedaxue" } }

> db.user.find({name:"wangping"},{age:1})    // 表示只取  age字段
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "age" : 26 }
>

2、条件查询 > $gt , < $lt ，<= $lte ,>= $gte。

> db.user.find({age:{$gt:20}})   //查询年龄大于20岁的
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "name" : "wangping", "age" : 26, "sex" : "woman", "location" : { "city" : "beijing", "road" : "zhongguonongyedaxue" } }
>

3、$all操作只对数组有效(类似于 $in), 表示要查询的 $all:[1,2,5,6] 1256 必须全部在要查询的数组中，而$in 表示只要有一个就符合查询条件。

> db.user.insert({name:"gaofei",age:24,grade:[1,2,5,6],location:{province:"shandong",city:"jiyang",road:"zuozhuangzhen"}})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find(grade:{$all:[1,2,5,6]})
2015-03-10T21:19:20.164+0800 SyntaxError: Unexpected token :
> db.user.find({grade:{$all:[1,2,5,6]}})    //$all  查询条件
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feef3626be41dca9db0d25"), "name" : "gaofei", "age" : 24, "grade" : [ 1, 2, 5, 6 ], "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jiyang", "road" : "zuozhuangzhen" } }
>

$all $in 只是用在数组上

> db.user.find({name:{$all:[1,2,5,6]}})   //字段不是 数组  的情况
> db.user.find({name:{$in:[1]}})
> db.user.find({grade:{$in:[1]}})       //$in 使用查询
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feef3626be41dca9db0d25"), "name" : "gaofei", "age" : 24, "grade" : [ 1, 2, 5, 6 ], "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jiyang", "road" : "zuozhuangzhen" } }
>

4、skip() limit() count() sort() 使用

其中 skip 跟 limit 使用类似于 sql语句中的 select * from user limit 0,10;

> db.user.find()    //按照添加顺序列出来
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feea0a26be41dca9db0d23"), "name" : "zhaoxingzhuang", "age" : 18, "sex" : "man", "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jinan", "road" : "shandaroad-47" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "name" : "wangping", "age" : 26, "sex" : "woman", "location" : { "city" : "beijing", "road" : "zhongguonongyedaxue" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feef3626be41dca9db0d25"), "name" : "gaofei", "age" : 24, "grade" : [ 1, 2, 5, 6 ], "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jiyang", "road" : "zuozhuangzhen" } }
//limit   从零开始 查询两条 
> db.user.find().limit(2)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feea0a26be41dca9db0d23"), "name" : "zhaoxingzhuang", "age" : 18, "sex" : "man", "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jinan", "road" : "shandaroad-47" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "name" : "wangping", "age" : 26, "sex" : "woman", "location" : { "city" : "beijing", "road" : "zhongguonongyedaxue" } }
> db.user.skip(1).limit()
2015-03-10T21:26:17.430+0800 TypeError: Property ‘skip‘ of object DEMO.user is not a function
> db.user.find().skip(1).limit()  //从第一条开始
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "name" : "wangping", "age" : 26, "sex" : "woman", "location" : { "city" : "beijing", "road" : "zhongguonongyedaxue" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feef3626be41dca9db0d25"), "name" : "gaofei", "age" : 24, "grade" : [ 1, 2, 5, 6 ], "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jiyang", "road" : "zuozhuangzhen" } }
> db.user.count()   //统计数据总量
3
> db.user.find().sort(age:1)   // 即得要把排序的内容放在 {} 中
2015-03-10T21:27:49.863+0800 SyntaxError: Unexpected token :
> db.user.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feea0a26be41dca9db0d23"), "name" : "zhaoxingzhuang", "age" : 18, "sex" : "man", "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jinan", "road" : "shandaroad-47" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feef3626be41dca9db0d25"), "name" : "gaofei", "age" : 24, "grade" : [ 1, 2, 5, 6 ], "location" : { "province" : "shandong", "city" : "jiyang", "road" : "zuozhuangzhen" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54feead226be41dca9db0d24"), "name" : "wangping", "age" : 26, "sex" : "woman", "location" : { "city" : "beijing", "road" : "zhongguonongyedaxue" } }
>