One instance primary to RAC standbyDataGuard Configuration:

主库准备：

1.      主库必须为归档模式，修改主库为归档模式的方法：

SQL>shutdown immediate

SQL>startup mount

SQL>alter database archivelog;

SQL>alter database open;

SQL>archive log list;

2.      启用主库的强制日志功能

SQL> alter database force logging;

3.      当主库添加或删除数据文件时，这些文件也会在备库添加或删除。启用此功能的方法如下：

SQL> alter system set standby_file_management = ‘AUTO‘;

4.      给主库添加standby日志：

alterdatabase add standby logfile ‘/bee/app/oracle/oradata/test1/standby01.log‘ size50M;

alterdatabase add standby logfile ‘/bee/app/oracle/oradata/test1/standby02.log‘ size50M;

alter database add standby logfile‘/bee/app/oracle/oradata/test1/standby03.log‘ size 50M;

5.      建密码文件，并且设置参数 REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE 为 EXCLUSIVE 或 SHARED。一般数据库默认就有密码文件，并且此参数默认为 EXECUSIVE。先检查下这两项，如果不是默认，设置方法如下：

SQL>alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;

OS> orapwd password=<sys 用户密码>

Scp   mvorapwSID

6.      检查数据库的 db_unique_name 参数是否设置。如果没有，使用 alter system 进行设置：

SQL> show parameter db_unique_name;

SQL> alter system set db_unique_name=some_namescope=spfile;

7.      配置归档位置：

alter system set log_archive_dest_1 =‘location=/bee/app/oracle/archivelog valid_for=(all_logfiles, all_roles)db_unique_name=test1‘;

alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = ‘service=test21 asyncvalid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=test2‘;

8.      SQL> alter system setfal_server = ‘test2‘;

SQL> alter system set log_archive_config =‘dg_config=(test1,test2)‘;

9.      设置文件转换方式:后面为本地存放位置

altersystem set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘+DATA/test2/datafile/‘,‘/bee/app/oracle/oradata/test1/‘scope=spfile;

alter system setLOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘+DATA/test2/onlinelog/‘,‘/bee/app/oracle/oradata/test1/‘scope=spfile;

10.   createpfile=‘/tmp/test2_pfile.ora‘ from spfile;

11.    

监听及tnsnames配置：

1.      我们要用 RMAN 的 duplicate from active database 命令创建备库，需要配置静态监听和 TNS 名,黄色部分是我手动添加的静态监听，其余部分为数据库原来的动态监听，两节点都要添加：

[grid@srvrac2admin]$ cat listener.ora

LISTENER_TT=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_TT))))              # line added by Agent

LISTENER_SCAN1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER_SCAN1))))                # line added by Agent

LISTENER=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER))))            # line added by Agent

ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER=ON              # line added by Agent

ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_SCAN1=ON                # line added by Agent

ENABLE_GLOBAL_DYNAMIC_ENDPOINT_LISTENER_TT=ON           # line added by Agent

LISTENER2 =

 (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.205.0.31)(PORT = 1522))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY =EXTPROC1522))

 )

 )

SID_LIST_LISTENER2 =

 (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =

     (GLOBAL_DBNAME = test1)

     (ORACLE_HOME =/bee/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

     (SID_NAME = test22)

    )

   )

启动时要带上监听名：

[grid@srvrac2 admin]$ lsnrctl start LISTENER2

2.      添加tnsnames.ora

从库节点1：

TEST1 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.205.0.35)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = test1)

    )

  )

TEST21 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.205.0.30)(PORT = 1522))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = test1)

    )

  )

从库节点2：

TEST1 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.205.0.35)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = test1)

    )

  )

TEST21 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.205.0.31)(PORT = 1522))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = test1)

    )

  )

主库：

test1 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.205.0.35)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = test1)

    )

  )

test21 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.205.0.30)(PORT = 1522))

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =10.205.0.31)(PORT = 1522))

      (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVICE_NAME = test1)

      (FAILOVER_MODE =

        (TYPE = select)

        (METHOD = basic)

        (RETRIES = 200)

        (DELAY = 5)

      )

    )

  )

红色的网络服务名对应配置log_archive_dest_2中的service

测试方法：

sqlplus sys/oracle@test21 as sysdba

3.       

备库环境准备

1.      建好了主库的 pfile 后，将其复制到备库服务器的相同位置，使用备库的 SID 修改其名字。需要对 pfile 做如下修改：

根据你备库的配置和文件位置，你可能需要修改AUDIT_FILE_DEST，CONTROL_FILES 和 DISPATCHERS 参数（也许还有其他需要修改的参数）。

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1参数中的 db_unique_name 修改为备库的相应唯一名（这里是 JED2）。

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2参数，修改为主库对应的服务名和数据库唯一名（这里是 JED）。

FAL_SERVER参数修改指向主库的服务名。

增加如下参数：

db_unique_name=JED2

altersystem set standby_file_management = ‘AUTO‘;

db_file_name_convert和 log_file_name_convert。如果主备库的数据文件、日志文件位置不同，需要设置这两个参数。

然后在备库服务器上创建所需目录结构和修改相关文件

2.      如：

[oracle@srvrac1dbs]$ cat test2_pfile.ora

test1.__db_cache_size=883027968

test1.__java_pool_size=23554432

test1.__large_pool_size=30331648

test1.__pga_aggregate_target=673741824

test1.__sga_target=922122547

test1.__shared_io_pool_size=0

test1.__shared_pool_size=203979776

test1.__streams_pool_size=11777216

*.audit_file_dest=‘/bee/app/oracle/admin/test2/adump‘

*.audit_trail=‘db‘

*.compatible=‘11.2.0.4.0‘

*.control_files=‘+DATA/test2/controlfile/control01.ctl‘,‘+DATA/test2/controlfile/control02.ctl‘

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=‘‘

*.db_file_name_convert=‘/bee/app/oracle/oradata/test1/‘,‘+DATA/test2/datafile/‘

*.log_file_name_convert=‘/bee/app/oracle/oradata/test1/‘,‘+DATA/test2/datafile/‘

*.db_name=‘test1‘

*.db_unique_name=‘test2‘

*.diagnostic_dest=‘/bee/app/oracle‘

*.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=test2XDB)‘

*.fal_server=‘test1‘

*.log_archive_config=‘dg_config=(test1,test2)‘

*.log_archive_dest_1=‘location=+DATA/test2/archivelogvalid_for=(all_logfiles, all_roles) db_unique_name=test2‘

*.log_archive_dest_2=‘service=test1async valid_for=(online_logfile,primary_role) db_unique_name=test1‘

*.log_archive_format=‘%t_%s_%r.dbf‘

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=1072693248

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile=‘EXCLUSIVE‘

*.sga_target=3218079744

*.standby_file_management=‘AUTO‘

*.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1‘

3.      启动备库export ORACLE_SID=test11

startup nomount pfile=‘/bee/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/test2_pfile.ora‘

4.      创建备库,在从库 RMAN 恢复：

[oracle@srvrac1~]$ export ORACLE_SID=test11

[oracle@srvrac1 ~]$ rman target sys/oracle@test1 auxiliary sys/oracle@test21

DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE FOR STANDBY FROM ACTIVE DATABASENOFILENAMECHECK;

5.      启动重做应用：

sql> alter database recover managed standbydatabase disconnect from session

或实时同步ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENTLOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

6.      测试：

在主库更新：

SQL>insert into test.test_table values (17,‘jhpcc‘);

1 rowcreated.

SQL>commit;

Commitcomplete.

SQL>alter system archive log current;

System altered.

在备库查看是否同步过来，分析问题看两边的alert.log

sql> alter database recover managed standbydatabase cancel;

sql>alter database open read only;

sql>SQL> select * from test.test_table;

       ID NAME

---------- ----------

       17 jhpcc

7.      11g已经支持活动备库，可以让数据库在只读状态下打开，同时启动日志应用:

alter database recover managed standby databasedisconnect

8.      createspfile=‘+DATA/cltdbhz1/spfilecltdbhz1.ora‘ from pfile=‘/bee/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/cltdbhz1_pfile.ora‘;

注册第二个节点到 CRS

1.      [oracle@srvrac2 dbs]$ catinittest22.ora

2.      spfile=‘+DATA/test2/spfiletest2.ora

3.      从库的第二个节点上， $ export ORACLE_SID=test22

  $ sqlplus / as sysdba sql> startup mount;

4.      srvctl add database -d test2 -ntest1 -o /bee/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -p +DATA/test2/spfiletest2.ora -rphysical_standby -a DATA（oracle用户执行）

5.      srvctl add instance -d test2 -itest11 -n srvrac1

6.      srvctl add instance -d test2 -itest22 -n srvrac2

7.      srvctl start database -d test2

8.      srvctl modify database -d test2-s mount

9.      srvctl status database –d test2

在第三步startup mount时

由于参数文件是从单实例的主库生成的，作为RAC第二个节点启动时会先后报了几个错：

问题1：

ORA-00304: requested INSTANCE_NUMBER isbusy

解决：

alter system set instance_number=1scope=spfile sid=‘test11‘;

alter system set instance_number=2scope=spfile sid=‘test22‘;

然后重启

问题2：

ORA-01102: cannot mount database inEXCLUSIVE mode

解决:

SQL> show parameter cluster_databas

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

cluster_database                     boolean     FALSE

cluster_database_instances           integer     1

SQL> alter system setcluster_database=true scope=spfile;

alter system setcluster_database_instances=2 scope=spfile;

System altered.

 select instance_name,status from gv$instance;

问题3：

ORA-01620: no public threads are availablefor mounting

Cause: The value of the initializationparameter THREAD is zero, its default value. There are no threads which havebeen publicly enabled, and not mounted.

Action: Shut down the instance, change thevalue of the initialization parameter to a thread which is privately enabledand not mounted. If the database is open in another instance, then a thread maybe publicly enabled.

SQL> show parameter thread

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

----------------------------------------------- ------------------------------

parallel_threads_per_cpu             integer     2

thread                               integer     0

alter system set thread=1 scope=spfilesid=‘test11‘;

alter system set thread=2 scope=spfilesid=‘test22‘;

检查状态：

select * from V$DATAGUARD_STATUSorder by TIMESTAMP;

select STATUS, GAP_STATUS fromV$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS where DEST_ID = 2;

select SEQUENCE#, FIRST_TIME,NEXT_TIME, APPLIED, ARCHIVED from V$ARCHIVED_LOG where name = ‘test2‘ order byFIRST_TIME;

select DEST_ID, STATUS,DESTINATION, ERROR from V$ARCHIVE_DEST where DEST_ID<=2;

Dataguard 主从切换

在 RAC 状态下，主从数据库的切换时主从库只能有一个实例在运行状态。在切换前需关掉其他节点，在切换完成后再启动其他节点。查询主从库状态

sql> select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

将主库切换到从库状态

sql> alter database commit to switchover to physical standbywithsession shutdown;

如果主库状态为 “sessions active”，则需要在命令后加上 with sessionshutdown 语句。状态。

重起原数据库到 mount 状态。

SQL>shutdown immediate;

SQL>startup mount;

在原从库上执行切换命令

sql> alter database commit to switchover to primary withsession shutdown;

SQL>alter database open;

完成主备切换后，在新备库上启用日志应用：

SQL> alter database recover managed standby databaseusing current logfile disconnect from session;

[root@srvrac2~]# srvctl start instance -d test2 -i test22

PRCR-1013: 无法启动资源ora.test2.db

PRCR-1064: 无法在节点 srvrac2上启动资源ora.test2.db

CRS-5017:The resource action "ora.test2.db start" encountered the followingerror:

ORA-01618:redo thread 2 is not enabled - cannot mount

. Fordetails refer to "(:CLSN00107:)" in"/bee/app/11.2.0/grid/log/srvrac2/agent/crsd/oraagent_oracle/oraagent_oracle.log".

CRS-2674:Start of ‘ora.test2.db‘ on ‘srvrac2‘ failed

ORA-01618:redo thread 2 is not enabled - cannot mount

http://tiany.blog.51cto.com/513694/1415383

alterdatabase add logfile thread 2 (‘+DATA‘) size 50m;

alterdatabase add logfile thread 2 (‘+DATA‘) size 50m;

alterdatabase add logfile thread 2 (‘+DATA‘) size 50m;

alterdatabase enable thread 2;

ORA-01092:ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

ORA-30013:undo tablespace ‘UNDOTBS1‘ is currently in use

SQL>alter system set db_create_file_dest=‘+DATA‘;

SQL>create undo tablespace undotbs2;

altersystem set undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1‘ scope=spfile sid=‘test11‘;

altersystem set undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS2‘ scope=spfile sid=‘test22‘;