oracle手工创建控制文件启动数据库

oracle手工创建控制文件
sql>shutdown immediate;
sql>startup nomount;
sql>alter databse database mount;
sql>alter database backup controlfile to trace;
注意：sql>alter database backup controlfile to trace这条SQL必须在数据库mount的情况下才能执行，不如会报ora-01507错误

此时你的控制文件以及转存储到${oracle_home}\admin\orcl\udump\??
本人电脑的路径是：D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\admin\orcl\udump\orcl_ora_7992.trc(这个文件是最新的，windows下按照时间排序找出最新的那个)，
用记事本或者UE打开，内容如下：
Dump file d:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\admin\orcl\udump\orcl_ora_1108.trc
Mon Jan 13 22:58:22 2014
ORACLE V10.2.0.3.0 - Production vsnsta=0
vsnsql=14 vsnxtr=3
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
Windows NT Version V6.1 Service Pack 1
CPU                 : 2 - type 586, 2 Physical Cores
Process Affinity    : 0x00000000
Memory (Avail/Total): Ph:2038M/3981M, Ph+PgF:5027M/7961M, VA:3647M/4095M
Instance name: orcl

Redo thread mounted by this instance: 0 <none>

Oracle process number: 15

Windows thread id: 1108, image: ORACLE.EXE (SHAD)

*** 2014-01-13 22:58:22.372
*** SERVICE NAME:() 2014-01-13 22:58:22.366
*** SESSION ID:(159.1) 2014-01-13 22:58:22.366
kccsga_update_ckpt: num_1 = 8, num_2 = 0, num_3 = 0, lbn_2 = 0, lbn_3 = 0
*** 2014-01-13 22:59:33.557
-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related
-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=‘‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=‘‘
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=ARC%S_%R.%T
--
-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="orcl"
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=‘SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=2
-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL
-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=%ORACLE_HOME%\RDBMS
-- FAL_CLIENT=‘‘
-- FAL_SERVER=‘‘
--
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10=‘LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10=‘OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10=‘ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10=‘REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10=‘NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10=‘VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)‘
-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE
--
-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new
-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens
-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if
-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second
-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used
-- if online logs are unavailable.
-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into
-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a
-- need to re-create the control file.
--
--     Set #1. NORESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline
-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are
-- available.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTRrOLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG‘  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG‘  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG‘  SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USR_DATA.DBF‘
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2014_01_13\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC‘;
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2014_01_13\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC‘;
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE
-- Database can now be opened normally.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF‘ REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--
--     Set #2. RESETLOGS case
--
-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it
-- to open the database.
-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.
-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will
-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.
-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL
-- statement will place the database in the appropriate
-- protection mode:
--  ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG‘  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG‘  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG‘  SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USR_DATA.DBF‘
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
-- Commands to re-create incarnation table
-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on
-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to
-- re-create incarnation records.
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2014_01_13\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC‘;
-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\DB_1\FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA\ORCL\ARCHIVELOG\2014_01_13\O1_MF_1_1_%U_.ARC‘;
-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,
-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.
RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.
-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.
-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\TEMP01.DBF‘ REUSE;
-- End of tempfile additions.
--

蓝色部分的SQL就是用来创建控制文件的，下面让我们模拟一下数据库控制文件损坏的情况
SQL>shutdown immediate;
然后把数据库的控制文件剪切到其他文件夹，此时oracle无法找到控制文件
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount;
ora-00205:??????????????
*因为此时oracle找不到控制文件，报0ra-00205错误，当然此时你可以通过修改spfile参数文件，把控制文件的路径修改为你最新的控制文件路径，这个以后再介绍。

此时提供了两种不同SQL创建控制文件，我选了第一种：
SQL>CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS  NOARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO01.LOG‘  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 2 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO02.LOG‘  SIZE 50M,
  GROUP 3 ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\REDO03.LOG‘  SIZE 50M
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\EXAMPLE01.DBF‘,
  ‘D:\ORACLE\PRODUCT\10.2.0\ORADATA\ORCL\USR_DATA.DBF‘
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
--控制文件已创建

SQL>RECOVER DATABASE;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
--数据库已更改，此时数据库可以正常open了

--修改临时表空间，*因为刚才的创建控制文件的SQL中没有指定临时表空间，所以要从新设定临时表空间
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE ‘D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orcl\temp01.dbf‘
  2       SIZE 41943040  REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360  MAXSIZE 32767M;

--数据库可以正常使用，成功！此时再查看D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\orcl文件夹，同时存在CONTROL01.CTL,CONTROL02.CTL,CONTROL03.CTL，
这表明oracle创建控制文件会自动生成3个。