mysql—proxy读写分离
mysql-proxy简介
MySQL Proxy就是这么一个中间代理层,MySQL Proxy就是一个连接池,负责将前台应用的连接请求转发给后台的数据库,并且通过使用lua脚本,可以实现复杂的连接控制和过滤,从而实现读写分离和负载平衡。对于应用来说,MySQL Proxy是完全透明的,应用则只需要连接到MySQL Proxy的监听端口即可。
实验环境:
master 172.16.31.31
slave 172.16.31.32
proxy 172.16.31.30
1安装配置mysql-proxy:
# tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local # cd /usr/local # ln -s mysql-proxy-0.8.3-linux-glibc2.3-x86-64bit.tar.gz mysql-proxy # useradd mysql-proxy //添加代理用户 # yum install mysql -y //安装mysql客户端
2 为mysql-proxy提供SysV服务脚本
#!/bin/bash # # mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon # # chkconfig: - 78 30 # processname: mysql-proxy # description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions prog="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy" # Source networking configuration. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/network fi # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 # Set default mysql-proxy configuration. ADMIN_USER="admin" ADMIN_PASSWD="admin" ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua" PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon" PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy" # Source mysql-proxy configuration. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy fi RETVAL=0 start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS --pid-file=$PROXY_PID --proxy-address="$PROXY_ADDRESS" --user=$PROXY_USER --admin-username="$ADMIN_USER" --admin-lua-script="$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT" --admin-password="$ADMIN_PASSWORD" RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy fi } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy rm -f $PROXY_PID fi } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; condrestart|try-restart) if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog >&/dev/null; then stop start fi ;; status) status -p $PROXY_PID $prog ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}" RETVAL=1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL
然后将上述内容保存为/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy,给予执行权限,而后加入到服务列表。
# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql-proxy # chkconfig --add mysql-proxy
3 为服务脚本提供配置文件/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy
# Options for mysql-proxy ADMIN_USER="admin" ADMIN_PASSWORD="admin" ADMIN_ADDRESS="" ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua" PROXY_ADDRESS="" PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy" PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog"
其中最后一行,需要按实际场景进行修改,例如:
PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=172.16.31.31:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=172.16.31.32:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua"
其中的proxy-backend-addresses选项和proxy-read-only-backend-addresses选项均可重复使用多次,以实现指定多个读写服务器或只读服务器。
4 复制如下内容建立admin.lua文件,将其保存至/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/目录中
--[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$ Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA $%ENDLICENSE%$ --]] function set_error(errmsg) proxy.response = { type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR, errmsg = errmsg or "error" } end function read_query(packet) if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then set_error("[admin] we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)") return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end local query = packet:sub(2) local rows = { } local fields = { } if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then fields = { { name = "backend_ndx", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG }, { name = "address", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "state", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "type", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "uuid", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "connected_clients", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG }, } for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do local states = { "unknown", "up", "down" } local types = { "unknown", "rw", "ro" } local b = proxy.global.backends[i] rows[#rows + 1] = { i, b.dst.name, -- configured backend address states[b.state + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0 types[b.type + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0 b.uuid, -- the MySQL Server‘s UUID if it is managed b.connected_clients -- currently connected clients } end elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then fields = { { name = "command", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "description", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, } rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" } rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" } else set_error("use ‘SELECT * FROM help‘ to see the supported commands") return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end proxy.response = { type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK, resultset = { fields = fields, rows = rows } } return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end
6 启动与测试
# service mysql-proxy start # netstat -tunlp |grep mysql-proxy tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4041 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 46219/mysql-proxy tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 46219/mysql-proxy
4041端口用于监控mysql-proxy读写分离状态,3306端口用于正常连接后端服务器读写请求;
7 管理功能测试
# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h172.16.31.30 --port=4041
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.0.99-agent-admin
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the buffer.
mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients |
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
| 1 | 172.16.31.31:3306 | up | rw | NULL | 0 |
| 2 | 172.16.31.32:3306 | up | ro | NULL | 0 |
+-------------+-------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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