Zabbix优化: 数据库表分区
在说数据库分表之前,先随便聊聊Zabbix的一些参数的优化吧,其实我也不是很懂,只是机器上了1500+,楞着头皮去调一下参数
首先是几个Poller的调整:
### Option: StartPollers (处理监控项的东西)
### Option: StartIPMIPollers (母鸡干什么用的,暂时没用,设为0)
### Option: StartPollersUnreachable (获取数据遇到不可到达时,交给这些进程处理)
### Option: StartHTTPPollers (监控HTTP,WEB那些东西用的,没用,设为0)
### Option: StartJavaPollers (监控JAVA专用进程,为毛就只有JAVA)
### Option: StartProxyPollers (处理代理的进程,暂时没用,设为0)
### Option: StartDiscoverers (处理自动发现的,没用,设为0)
### Option: StartPingers (如果用了ICMP PING那个模板的,这个值要调大一些)
把几个没用到的先关掉:StartHTTPPollers StartJavaPollers StartProxyPollers,设为0就可以了,然后可以观察ZabbixServer的图形来调整StartPollers和StartPollersUnreachable的数量:
要注意的是,例如StartPollers,虽然配置文件写是可用范围是0-1000,但这个1000是所有的进程的值,也就是说上面那些进程的总数不能超过1000,设的时候要注意一下这点。
关于Cache的调整:
### Option: CacheSize
### Option: CacheUpdateFrequency
### Option: HistoryCacheSize
### Option: TrendCacheSize
### Option: HistoryTextCacheSize
### Option: ValueCacheSize
关于内存的参数有这么多,都是要根据机器数量和item数量的增加而增加,这些内存的值不能大于系统内核的kernel.shmall这个值,否则申请不了内存程序启动不了
如果日志出现连续一大片地出现这些信息:
Zabbix agent item "vfs.fs.size[/boot,free]" on host "192.168.1.100" failed: first network error, wait for 15 seconds
resuming Zabbix agent checks on host "192.168.1.100": connection restored
说明你的poller不够,需要再加大poller,如果加大poller还是这样则需要减少监控的item,或者用proxy来做分布式监控了
机器数量多的时候,mysql里面的history表就会越来越大,虽然zabbix本身有删除功能(就是那个housekeeper的功能),但这东西太影响性能,所以网上的做法都是关闭这个东西,用mysql的表分区功能来实现清理历史数据还可以提升mysql的性能
一、先修改两张表的结构:
Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id)
Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);
二、导入存储过程:
DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)BEGIN /* SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create */ /* Verify that the partition does not already exist */ DECLARE RETROWS INT; SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name = PARTITIONNAME; IF RETROWS = 0 THEN /* 1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created. 2. Create the SQL to create the partition. 3. Execute the SQL from #2. */ SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg; SET @SQL = CONCAT( ‘ALTER TABLE ‘, SCHEMANAME, ‘.‘, TABLENAME, ‘ ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ‘, PARTITIONNAME, ‘ VALUES LESS THAN (‘, CLOCK, ‘));‘ ); PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END IF;END$$ DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)BEGIN /* SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd) */ DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE; DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16); /* Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE. All partitions are prefixed with a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character. */ DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR SELECT partition_name FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE; /* Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition. Also, create @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that should be deleted. */ SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION "); SET @drop_partitions = ""; /* Start looping through all the partitions that are too old. */ OPEN myCursor; read_loop: LOOP FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name; IF done THEN LEAVE read_loop; END IF; SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name)); END LOOP; IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN /* 1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions. 2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions. 3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted. */ SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";"); PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`; ELSE /* No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate that no changes were made. */ SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`; END IF;END$$ DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)BEGIN DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16); DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT; DECLARE CUR_TIME INT; CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL); SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), ‘%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00‘)); IF DATE(NOW()) = ‘2014-04-01‘ THEN SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY), ‘%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00‘)); END IF; SET @__interval = 1; create_loop: LOOP IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN LEAVE create_loop; END IF; SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600); SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, ‘p%Y%m%d%H00‘); CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP); SET @__interval=@__interval+1; END LOOP; SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), ‘%Y%m%d0000‘); CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE); END$$ DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))BEGIN DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16); DECLARE RETROWS INT(11); DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP; /* * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME. */ SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS FROM information_schema.partitions WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL; /* * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table */ IF RETROWS = 1 THEN /* * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it. This is the timestamp below which we will store values. * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day. This is because we don‘t want to generate a random partition * that won‘t necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000"). */ SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", ‘00:00:00‘)); SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), ‘p%Y%m%d%H00‘); -- Create the partitioning query SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)"); SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));"); -- Run the partitioning query PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL; EXECUTE STMT; DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT; END IF;END$$ DELIMITER ;
可以将这四个存储过程写成一个SQL文件直接导入:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘ zabbix < partition_call.sql
三、使用存储过程:
mysql> CALL partition_maintenance(‘<zabbix_db_name>‘, ‘<table_name>‘, <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>)
例(不要急着直接执行,后面统一运行):
mysql> CALL partition_maintenance(‘zabbix‘, ‘history‘, 7, 24, 7);
zabbix_db_name:库名
table_name:表名
days_to_keep_data:保存多少天的数据
hourly_interval:每隔多久生成一个分区
num_future_intervals_to_create:本次一共生成多少个分区
这个例子就是history表最多保存7天的数据,每隔24小时生成一个分区,这次一共生成7个分区
下面这个存储过程就是统一调用:
DELIMITER $$ CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32)) BEGIN CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history‘, 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history_log‘, 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history_str‘, 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history_text‘, 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘history_uint‘, 28, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘trends‘, 730, 24, 14); CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, ‘trends_uint‘, 730, 24, 14); END$$ DELIMITER ;
保存成文件,再次导入存储过程:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p‘123456‘ zabbix < partition_all.sql
以后只需要调用这个存储过程就可以了,每天执行一次:
mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all(‘zabbix‘);"
四、最后关掉Zabbix的HouseKeeper功能:
最后附上两个存储过程的文件~
参考文章:
https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition
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