容易忘记的linux命令之rpm

1 rpm软件包管理方式

也许现实中yum简单方便，但是有时候我们也还会用rpm包，yum用的也是rpm包，从安装，查询，卸载，升级多方面记住，当然还是多多实践才能记住。

NAME

       rpm - RPM Package Manager

2 常用的命令，man文档好长

①安装

rpm -ivh PACKAGENAME

-i 安装install的意思

-h, --hash  Print 50 hash marks as the package archive is unpacked.  Use with -v|--verbose for a nicer display.显示50个#来标示当前安装进度

-v  Print verbose information - normally routine progress messages will be displayed.           显示冗余信息

--nodeps Don’t do a dependency check before installing or upgrading a package.

       不会在安装或升级前进行依赖检测

--replacepkgs Install the packages even if some of them are already installed on this system.  覆盖安装 

--force Same as using --replacepkgs, --replacefiles, and --oldpackage.

--test Do not install the package, simply check for and report potential conflicts.

测试是否能安装，实际不安装

②查询

-q PACKAGENAME

[root@www ~]# rpm -q  pidgin

pidgin-2.7.9-27.el6.x86_64

-qa 查询所有的已经安装的包，通常配合grep使用

[root@www ~]# rpm -qa|grep openssh

openssh-askpass-5.3p1-84.1.el6.x86_64

openssh-clients-5.3p1-84.1.el6.x86_64

openssh-5.3p1-84.1.el6.x86_64

openssh-server-5.3p1-84.1.el6.x86_64

-qi 显示安装包相关的信息

[root@www ~]# rpm -qi  pidgin

Name        : pidgin                       Relocations: (not relocatable)

Version 主版本  : 2.7.9                             Vendor（供应商）: CentOS

Release     : 27.el6                        Build Date: Thu 06 Feb 2014 02:17:15 AM CST

Install Date: Thu 23 Apr 2015 07:51:37 PM CST      Build Host: c6b10.bsys.dev.centos.org

Group       : Applications/Internet         Source RPM: pidgin-2.7.9-27.el6.src.rpm

Size        : 3142033                          License: GPLv2+ and GPLv2 and MIT

Signature   : RSA/SHA1, Thu 06 Feb 2014 03:43:36 AM CST, Key ID 0946fca2c105b9de

Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>

URL         : http://pidgin.im/

Summary     : A Gtk+ based multiprotocol instant messaging client

Description :

...省略...

-ql 安装软件后的文件生成列表

[root@www ~]# rpm -ql openssh

/etc/ssh

/etc/ssh/moduli

/usr/bin/ssh-keygen

/usr/libexec/openssh

/usr/libexec/openssh/ssh-keysign

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/CREDITS

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/ChangeLog

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/INSTALL

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/LICENCE证书

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/OVERVIEW

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/PROTOCOL

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/PROTOCOL.agent

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/README安装文档说明

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/README.dns

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/README.nss

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/README.platform

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/README.privsep

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/README.smartcard

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/README.tun

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/TODO

/usr/share/doc/openssh-5.3p1/WARNING.RNG

/usr/share/man/man1/ssh-keygen.1.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/ssh-keysign.8.gz

-qf查询某个文件对应的安装包，通常可以看执行文件的安装包

[root@www ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/sshd

openssh-server-5.3p1-84.1.el6.x86_64

注意几个常用的

rpm -qlf `which 程序名` 返回软件包的文件列表

根据file查询i l 或者软件包名

③升级、降级

rpm -Uvh /PATH/TO/NEW_PACKAGE有老版本则升级，否则就安装

适合安装包

rpm -Fvh /PATH/TO/NEW_PACKAGE有老版本则升级，没有就退出   智能升级

适合升级包

降级：

rpm -ivh --oldpackage PACKAGENAME

④卸载

rpm -e PACKAGE_NAME 注意依赖性

--nodeps