ubuntu 14.04 下FTP服务器的搭建--锁定用户目录，解决vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
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时间：2015年06月20日
FTP服务器的搭建，我要实现的需求是：
不允许匿名访问，因为我的机器不想让谁都能登录上来，随便获取文件，
需要锁定一个目录，因为在家里，我需要给媳妇下载一些电影 韩剧之类的东西，媳妇会来我机器下载，但是我不想让他随意操作我的东西。
万一删除我的配置文件，我就惨了（吐槽一下韩剧：媳妇问我，你都没看过韩剧怎么知道它不好看呢，我说：我没吃过屎 但是知道它一定不好吃！）
另外，需要本机也能访问，因为我要做一些关于FTP的测试。
不单独建立FTP用户，FTP也使用ubuntu桌面的用户进行登录和操作，
我还不希望FTP开始启动。
好了 我们开始安装，很简单。
sudo apt-get install vsftpd
30秒内估计就能安装完。
下面开始配置：
首先备份配置文件。
duoduo@ubuntu:/etc/init$ cd /etc/
duoduo@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.old
接下来就是开始配置了，
咱们就针对需求来：
1. 不允许匿名访问，因为我的机器不想让谁都能登录上来，随便获取文件，
配置如下：
23 anonymous_enable=NO
2.需要锁定一个目录，因为在家里，我需要给媳妇下载一些电影 韩剧之类的东西，
媳妇会来我机器下载，但是我不想让他随意操作我的东西。
万一删除我的配置文件，我就惨了
配置如下：
152 local_root=/home/duoduo/公共的/FTP共享文件
备注：[FTP共享文件] 这个文件夹是我新建出来的
另外，需要本机也能访问，因为我要做一些关于FTP的测试。
配置如下：
26 local_enable=YES
不单独建立FTP用户，FTP也使用ubuntu桌面的用户进行登录和操作，
配置如下：
120 #chroot_local_user=YES 121 chroot_list_enable=YES 122 # (default follows) 123 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
这里需要/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 这个文件，如果没有请新建：
sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
内容如下（例如我桌面的用户名为duoduo）：
duoduo
其实就是把你的用户名写进去
我还不希望FTP开始启动。 一会单独说！
贴出我的配置文件。
1 # Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf 2 # 3 # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file 4 # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. 5 # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. 6 # 7 # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. 8 # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd‘s 9 # capabilities. 10 # 11 # 12 # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone 13 # daemon started from an initscript. 14 listen=YES 15 # 16 # Run standalone with IPv6? 17 # Like the listen parameter, except vsftpd will listen on an IPv6 socket 18 # instead of an IPv4 one. This parameter and the listen parameter are mutually 19 # exclusive. 20 #listen_ipv6=YES 21 # 22 # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default) 23 anonymous_enable=NO 24 # 25 # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. 26 local_enable=YES 27 # 28 # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. 29 write_enable=YES 30 # 31 # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, 32 # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd‘s) 33 #local_umask=022 34 # 35 # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only 36 # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will 37 # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. 38 #anon_upload_enable=YES 39 # 40 # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create 41 # new directories. 42 #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES 43 # 44 # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they 45 # go into a certain directory. 46 dirmessage_enable=YES 47 # 48 # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time 49 # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The 50 # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this 51 # option. 52 use_localtime=YES 53 # 54 # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. 55 xferlog_enable=YES 56 # 57 # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). 58 connect_from_port_20=YES 59 # 60 # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by 61 # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not 62 # recommended! 63 #chown_uploads=YES 64 #chown_username=whoever 65 # 66 # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown 67 # below. 68 #xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log 69 # 70 # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. 71 # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. 72 #xferlog_std_format=YES 73 # 74 # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. 75 #idle_session_timeout=600 76 # 77 # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. 78 #data_connection_timeout=120 79 # 80 # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the 81 # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. 82 #nopriv_user=ftpsecure 83 # 84 # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not 85 # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, 86 # however, may confuse older FTP clients. 87 #async_abor_enable=YES 88 # 89 # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore 90 # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII 91 # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. 92 # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service 93 # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd 94 # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the 95 # raw file. 96 # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. 97 #ascii_upload_enable=YES 98 #ascii_download_enable=YES 99 # 100 # You may fully customise the login banner string: 101 ftpd_banner=Welcome to duoduo‘s FTP service. 102 # 103 # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently 104 # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. 105 #deny_email_enable=YES 106 # (default follows) 107 #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails 108 # 109 # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for 110 # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or 111 # chroot_list_enable below. 112 #chroot_local_user=YES 113 # 114 # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home 115 # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of 116 # users to NOT chroot(). 117 # (Warning! chroot‘ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that 118 # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the 119 # chroot) 120 #chroot_local_user=YES 121 chroot_list_enable=YES 122 # (default follows) 123 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 124 # 125 # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by 126 # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large 127 # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume 128 # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. 129 #ls_recurse_enable=YES 130 # 131 # Customization 132 # 133 # Some of vsftpd‘s settings don‘t fit the filesystem layout by 134 # default. 135 # 136 # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the 137 # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used 138 # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem 139 # access. 140 secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty 141 # 142 # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. 143 pam_service_name=vsftpd 144 # 145 # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL 146 # encrypted connections. 147 rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem 148 # This option specifies the location of the RSA key to use for SSL 149 # encrypted connections. 150 rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key 151 # 152 local_root=/home/duoduo/公共的/FTP共享文件
现在可以重启FTP了。
duoduo@ubuntu:/etc$ sudo service vsftpd restart vsftpd stop/waiting vsftpd start/running, process 303
OK 看到这些 证明配置文件没有问题，FTP启动了
下面直接访问FTP 看看：
duoduo@ubuntu:/etc$ ftp 127.0.0.1 Connected to 127.0.0.1. 220 Welcome to Duoduo‘s FTP service. Name (127.0.0.1:duoduo): duoduo 331 Please specify the password. Password: 500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot() Login failed. 421 Service not available, remote server has closed connection ftp>
居然报了一个500的错误
vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot()
。其实这里是需要特殊说明的，原因出在这里
120 #chroot_local_user=YES
121 chroot_list_enable=YES
122 # (default follows)
123 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
我们用
chroot_list_enable=YES 和 chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list配合使用，使得只有在vsftpd.chroot_list中配置的用户才能登录FTP。
对于这要的配置有一个特殊的要求，就是vsftpd.chroot_list里面配置的用户，对于前面local_root配置的目录不能有写的权限！
也就是/home/duoduo/公共的/FTP共享文件 这个文件夹 对于duoduo这个用户不能有写的权限，
我们为了额操作方便可以这么做：
sudo chown -R root:root /home/duoduo/公共的/FTP共享文件/
这样，duoduo这个用户对于/home/duoduo/公共的/FTP共享文件没有写权限了，
现在重启FTP 重新登录看看：
duoduo@ubuntu:/etc$ ftp 127.0.0.1 Connected to 127.0.0.1. 220 Welcome to duoduo‘s FTP service. Name (127.0.0.1:duoduo): duoduo 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp>
OK FTP 好了 可以登录了
但是我刚才 sudo chown -R root:root /home/duoduo/公共的/FTP共享文件/ 这个操作 还带来了一个麻烦。就是FTP共享文件在我桌面登录时，不能任意复制粘贴操作文件了，但是我还要必须保持duoduo用户对[FTP共享文件] 这个文件夹不可写。这该怎么办呢？
其实很简单，
cd /home/duoduo/公共的/FTP共享文件
sudo mkdir FTPFILES
sudo chown -R duoduo:duoduo FTPFILES
这样 就保持了 FTP共享文件 文件夹duoduo用户不可写，但duoduo用户用可以在桌面登录时任意操作文件了，只不过此时的随意范围在FTPFILES文件夹范围呢了。
这样基本FTP服务基本搭建完成了。
对了 忘记了一点。就是不让FTP服务开机启动。操作如下：
duoduo@ubuntu:/etc/init$ cd /etc/init/
duoduo@ubuntu:/etc/init$ sudo cp vsftpd.conf vsftpd.conf.old
编辑配置文件
sudo gedit /etc/init/vsftpd.conf
将#start on runlevel [2345] or net-device-up IFACE!=lo 修改为start on runlevel [345] 如下：
#start on runlevel [2345] or net-device-up IFACE!=lo start on runlevel [345] stop on runlevel [!2345]
这次重启FTP 重启系统 彻底完成。
这里建议大家查一下：chroot_local_user chroot_list_enable=YES chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 相关的资料，这里面灵活性配置很高的。
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