linux下syscall函数 间接系统调用

NAME       
       syscall - 间接系统调用

SYNOPSIS       
       #define _GNU_SOURCE        
       #include <unistd.h>
       #include <sys/syscall.h>                 /* For SYS_xxx definitions */

       int syscall(int number, ...);


DESCRIPTION    
       syscall() 执行一个系统调用,根据指定的参数number和所有系统调用的汇编语言接口来确定调用哪个系统调用。
       系统调用所使用的符号常量可以在头文件<sys/syscll.h>里面找到



  Linux中,每个进程有一个pid,类型pid_t,由getpid()取得。Linux下的POSIX线程也有一个id,类型 pthread_t,由pthread_self()取得,该id由线程库维护,其id空间是各个进程独立的(即不同进程中的线程可能有相同的id)。Linux中的POSIX线程库实现的线程其实也是一个进程(LWP),只是该进程与主进程(启动线程的进程)共享一些资源而已,比如代码段,数据段等。
有时候我们可能需要知道线程的真实pid。比如进程P1要向另外一个进程P2中的某个线程发送信号时,既不能使用P2的pid,更不能使用线程的pthread id,而只能使用该线程的真实pid,称为tid。
有一个函数gettid()可以得到tid,但glibc并没有实现该函数,只能通过Linux的系统调用syscall来获取。
 1 #include <unistd.h>
 2 #include <sys/syscall.h>
 3 #include <sys/types.h>
 4 #include <signal.h>
 5 #include <stdio.h>
 6 #include <stdlib.h>
 7 
 8 int
 9 main(int argc, char *argv[])
10 {
11      pid_t tid;
12 
13      tid = syscall(SYS_gettid);
14      printf("tid : %d\n",tid);
15 
16      tid = syscall(SYS_tgkill, getpid(), tid, SIGHUP);
17      printf("tid : %d ...\n",tid);
18 }

头文件如下:

  1 /* Generated at libc build time from kernel syscall list. */
  2 
  3 #ifndef _SYSCALL_H
  4 # error "Never use <bits/syscall.h> directly; include <sys/syscall.h> instead."
  5 #endif
  6 
  7 #include <bits/wordsize.h>
  8 
  9 #define SYS__sysctl __NR__sysctl
 10 #define SYS_access __NR_access
 11 #define SYS_acct __NR_acct
 12 #define SYS_add_key __NR_add_key
 13 #define SYS_adjtimex __NR_adjtimex
 14 #define SYS_afs_syscall __NR_afs_syscall
 15 #define SYS_alarm __NR_alarm
 16 #define SYS_brk __NR_brk
 17 #define SYS_capget __NR_capget
 18 #define SYS_capset __NR_capset
 19 #define SYS_chdir __NR_chdir
 20 #define SYS_chmod __NR_chmod
 21 #define SYS_chown __NR_chown
 22 #define SYS_chroot __NR_chroot
 23 #define SYS_clock_getres __NR_clock_getres
 24 #define SYS_clock_gettime __NR_clock_gettime
 25 #define SYS_clock_nanosleep __NR_clock_nanosleep
 26 #define SYS_clock_settime __NR_clock_settime
 27 #define SYS_clone __NR_clone
 28 #define SYS_close __NR_close
 29 #define SYS_creat __NR_creat
 30 #define SYS_create_module __NR_create_module
 31 #define SYS_delete_module __NR_delete_module
 32 #define SYS_dup __NR_dup
 33 #define SYS_dup2 __NR_dup2
 34 #define SYS_epoll_create __NR_epoll_create
 35 #define SYS_epoll_ctl __NR_epoll_ctl
 36 #define SYS_epoll_wait __NR_epoll_wait
 37 #define SYS_eventfd __NR_eventfd
 38 #define SYS_execve __NR_execve
 39 #define SYS_exit __NR_exit
 40 #define SYS_exit_group __NR_exit_group
 41 #define SYS_faccessat __NR_faccessat
 42 #define SYS_fadvise64 __NR_fadvise64
 43 #define SYS_fallocate __NR_fallocate
 44 #define SYS_fchdir __NR_fchdir
 45 #define SYS_fchmod __NR_fchmod
 46 #define SYS_fchmodat __NR_fchmodat
 47 #define SYS_fchown __NR_fchown
 48 #define SYS_fchownat __NR_fchownat
 49 #define SYS_fcntl __NR_fcntl
 50 #define SYS_fdatasync __NR_fdatasync
 51 #define SYS_fgetxattr __NR_fgetxattr
 52 #define SYS_flistxattr __NR_flistxattr
 53 #define SYS_flock __NR_flock
 54 #define SYS_fork __NR_fork
 55 #define SYS_fremovexattr __NR_fremovexattr
 56 #define SYS_fsetxattr __NR_fsetxattr
 57 #define SYS_fstat __NR_fstat
 58 #define SYS_fstatfs __NR_fstatfs
 59 #define SYS_fsync __NR_fsync
 60 #define SYS_ftruncate __NR_ftruncate
 61 #define SYS_futex __NR_futex
 62 #define SYS_futimesat __NR_futimesat
 63 #define SYS_get_kernel_syms __NR_get_kernel_syms
 64 #define SYS_get_mempolicy __NR_get_mempolicy
 65 #define SYS_get_robust_list __NR_get_robust_list
 66 #define SYS_get_thread_area __NR_get_thread_area
 67 #define SYS_getcwd __NR_getcwd
 68 #define SYS_getdents __NR_getdents
 69 #define SYS_getdents64 __NR_getdents64
 70 #define SYS_getegid __NR_getegid
 71 #define SYS_geteuid __NR_geteuid
 72 #define SYS_getgid __NR_getgid
 73 #define SYS_getgroups __NR_getgroups
 74 #define SYS_getitimer __NR_getitimer
 75 #define SYS_getpgid __NR_getpgid
 76 #define SYS_getpgrp __NR_getpgrp
 77 #define SYS_getpid __NR_getpid
 78 #define SYS_getpmsg __NR_getpmsg
 79 #define SYS_getppid __NR_getppid
 80 #define SYS_getpriority __NR_getpriority
 81 #define SYS_getresgid __NR_getresgid
 82 #define SYS_getresuid __NR_getresuid
 83 #define SYS_getrlimit __NR_getrlimit
 84 #define SYS_getrusage __NR_getrusage
 85 #define SYS_getsid __NR_getsid
 86 #define SYS_gettid __NR_gettid
 87 #define SYS_gettimeofday __NR_gettimeofday
 88 #define SYS_getuid __NR_getuid
 89 #define SYS_getxattr __NR_getxattr
 90 #define SYS_init_module __NR_init_module
 91 #define SYS_inotify_add_watch __NR_inotify_add_watch
 92 #define SYS_inotify_init __NR_inotify_init
 93 #define SYS_inotify_rm_watch __NR_inotify_rm_watch
 94 #define SYS_io_cancel __NR_io_cancel
 95 #define SYS_io_destroy __NR_io_destroy
 96 #define SYS_io_getevents __NR_io_getevents
 97 #define SYS_io_setup __NR_io_setup
 98 #define SYS_io_submit __NR_io_submit
 99 #define SYS_ioctl __NR_ioctl
100 #define SYS_ioperm __NR_ioperm
101 #define SYS_iopl __NR_iopl
102 #define SYS_ioprio_get __NR_ioprio_get
103 #define SYS_ioprio_set __NR_ioprio_set
104 #define SYS_kexec_load __NR_kexec_load
105 #define SYS_keyctl __NR_keyctl
106 #define SYS_kill __NR_kill
107 #define SYS_lchown __NR_lchown
108 #define SYS_lgetxattr __NR_lgetxattr
109 #define SYS_link __NR_link
110 #define SYS_linkat __NR_linkat
111 #define SYS_listxattr __NR_listxattr
112 #define SYS_llistxattr __NR_llistxattr
113 #define SYS_lookup_dcookie __NR_lookup_dcookie
114 #define SYS_lremovexattr __NR_lremovexattr
115 #define SYS_lseek __NR_lseek
116 #define SYS_lsetxattr __NR_lsetxattr
117 #define SYS_lstat __NR_lstat
118 #define SYS_madvise __NR_madvise
119 #define SYS_mbind __NR_mbind
120 #define SYS_migrate_pages __NR_migrate_pages
121 #define SYS_mincore __NR_mincore
122 #define SYS_mkdir __NR_mkdir
123 #define SYS_mkdirat __NR_mkdirat
124 #define SYS_mknod __NR_mknod
125 #define SYS_mknodat __NR_mknodat
126 #define SYS_mlock __NR_mlock
127 #define SYS_mlockall __NR_mlockall
128 #define SYS_mmap __NR_mmap
129 #define SYS_modify_ldt __NR_modify_ldt
130 #define SYS_mount __NR_mount
131 #define SYS_move_pages __NR_move_pages
132 #define SYS_mprotect __NR_mprotect
133 #define SYS_mq_getsetattr __NR_mq_getsetattr
134 #define SYS_mq_notify __NR_mq_notify
135 #define SYS_mq_open __NR_mq_open
136 #define SYS_mq_timedreceive __NR_mq_timedreceive
137 #define SYS_mq_timedsend __NR_mq_timedsend
138 #define SYS_mq_unlink __NR_mq_unlink
139 #define SYS_mremap __NR_mremap
140 #define SYS_msync __NR_msync
141 #define SYS_munlock __NR_munlock
142 #define SYS_munlockall __NR_munlockall
143 #define SYS_munmap __NR_munmap
144 #define SYS_nanosleep __NR_nanosleep
145 #define SYS_nfsservctl __NR_nfsservctl
146 #define SYS_open __NR_open
147 #define SYS_openat __NR_openat
148 #define SYS_pause __NR_pause
149 #define SYS_personality __NR_personality
150 #define SYS_pipe __NR_pipe
151 #define SYS_pivot_root __NR_pivot_root
152 #define SYS_poll __NR_poll
153 #define SYS_ppoll __NR_ppoll
154 #define SYS_prctl __NR_prctl
155 #define SYS_pread64 __NR_pread64
156 #define SYS_pselect6 __NR_pselect6
157 #define SYS_ptrace __NR_ptrace
158 #define SYS_putpmsg __NR_putpmsg
159 #define SYS_pwrite64 __NR_pwrite64
160 #define SYS_query_module __NR_query_module
161 #define SYS_quotactl __NR_quotactl
162 #define SYS_read __NR_read
163 #define SYS_readahead __NR_readahead
164 #define SYS_readlink __NR_readlink
165 #define SYS_readlinkat __NR_readlinkat
166 #define SYS_readv __NR_readv
167 #define SYS_reboot __NR_reboot
168 #define SYS_remap_file_pages __NR_remap_file_pages
169 #define SYS_removexattr __NR_removexattr
170 #define SYS_rename __NR_rename
171 #define SYS_renameat __NR_renameat
172 #define SYS_request_key __NR_request_key
173 #define SYS_restart_syscall __NR_restart_syscall
174 #define SYS_rmdir __NR_rmdir
175 #define SYS_rt_sigaction __NR_rt_sigaction
176 #define SYS_rt_sigpending __NR_rt_sigpending
177 #define SYS_rt_sigprocmask __NR_rt_sigprocmask
178 #define SYS_rt_sigqueueinfo __NR_rt_sigqueueinfo
179 #define SYS_rt_sigreturn __NR_rt_sigreturn
180 #define SYS_rt_sigsuspend __NR_rt_sigsuspend
181 #define SYS_rt_sigtimedwait __NR_rt_sigtimedwait
182 #define SYS_sched_get_priority_max __NR_sched_get_priority_max
183 #define SYS_sched_get_priority_min __NR_sched_get_priority_min
184 #define SYS_sched_getaffinity __NR_sched_getaffinity
185 #define SYS_sched_getparam __NR_sched_getparam
186 #define SYS_sched_getscheduler __NR_sched_getscheduler
187 #define SYS_sched_rr_get_interval __NR_sched_rr_get_interval
188 #define SYS_sched_setaffinity __NR_sched_setaffinity
189 #define SYS_sched_setparam __NR_sched_setparam
190 #define SYS_sched_setscheduler __NR_sched_setscheduler
191 #define SYS_sched_yield __NR_sched_yield
192 #define SYS_select __NR_select
193 #define SYS_sendfile __NR_sendfile
194 #define SYS_set_mempolicy __NR_set_mempolicy
195 #define SYS_set_robust_list __NR_set_robust_list
196 #define SYS_set_thread_area __NR_set_thread_area
197 #define SYS_set_tid_address __NR_set_tid_address
198 #define SYS_setdomainname __NR_setdomainname
199 #define SYS_setfsgid __NR_setfsgid
200 #define SYS_setfsuid __NR_setfsuid
201 #define SYS_setgid __NR_setgid
202 #define SYS_setgroups __NR_setgroups
203 #define SYS_sethostname __NR_sethostname
204 #define SYS_setitimer __NR_setitimer
205 #define SYS_setpgid __NR_setpgid
206 #define SYS_setpriority __NR_setpriority
207 #define SYS_setregid __NR_setregid
208 #define SYS_setresgid __NR_setresgid
209 #define SYS_setresuid __NR_setresuid
210 #define SYS_setreuid __NR_setreuid
211 #define SYS_setrlimit __NR_setrlimit
212 #define SYS_setsid __NR_setsid
213 #define SYS_settimeofday __NR_settimeofday
214 #define SYS_setuid __NR_setuid
215 #define SYS_setxattr __NR_setxattr
216 #define SYS_sigaltstack __NR_sigaltstack
217 #define SYS_splice __NR_splice
218 #define SYS_stat __NR_stat
219 #define SYS_statfs __NR_statfs
220 #define SYS_swapoff __NR_swapoff
221 #define SYS_swapon __NR_swapon
222 #define SYS_symlink __NR_symlink
223 #define SYS_symlinkat __NR_symlinkat
224 #define SYS_sync __NR_sync
225 #define SYS_sync_file_range __NR_sync_file_range
226 #define SYS_sysfs __NR_sysfs
227 #define SYS_sysinfo __NR_sysinfo
228 #define SYS_syslog __NR_syslog
229 #define SYS_tee __NR_tee
230 #define SYS_tgkill __NR_tgkill
231 #define SYS_time __NR_time
232 #define SYS_timer_create __NR_timer_create
233 #define SYS_timer_delete __NR_timer_delete
234 #define SYS_timer_getoverrun __NR_timer_getoverrun
235 #define SYS_timer_gettime __NR_timer_gettime
236 #define SYS_timer_settime __NR_timer_settime
237 #define SYS_times __NR_times
238 #define SYS_tkill __NR_tkill
239 #define SYS_truncate __NR_truncate
240 #define SYS_umask __NR_umask
241 #define SYS_umount2 __NR_umount2
242 #define SYS_uname __NR_uname
243 #define SYS_unlink __NR_unlink
244 #define SYS_unlinkat __NR_unlinkat
245 #define SYS_unshare __NR_unshare
246 #define SYS_uselib __NR_uselib
247 #define SYS_ustat __NR_ustat
248 #define SYS_utime __NR_utime
249 #define SYS_utimes __NR_utimes
250 #define SYS_vfork __NR_vfork
251 #define SYS_vhangup __NR_vhangup
252 #define SYS_vmsplice __NR_vmsplice
253 #define SYS_vserver __NR_vserver
254 #define SYS_wait4 __NR_wait4
255 #define SYS_waitid __NR_waitid
256 #define SYS_write __NR_write
257 #define SYS_writev __NR_writev
258 #if __WORDSIZE == 64
259 #define SYS_accept __NR_accept
260 #define SYS_arch_prctl __NR_arch_prctl
261 #define SYS_bind __NR_bind
262 #define SYS_connect __NR_connect
263 #define SYS_epoll_ctl_old __NR_epoll_ctl_old
264 #define SYS_epoll_pwait __NR_epoll_pwait
265 #define SYS_epoll_wait_old __NR_epoll_wait_old
266 #define SYS_getpeername __NR_getpeername
267 #define SYS_getsockname __NR_getsockname
268 #define SYS_getsockopt __NR_getsockopt
269 #define SYS_listen __NR_listen
270 #define SYS_msgctl __NR_msgctl
271 #define SYS_msgget __NR_msgget
272 #define SYS_msgrcv __NR_msgrcv
273 #define SYS_msgsnd __NR_msgsnd
274 #define SYS_newfstatat __NR_newfstatat
275 #define SYS_recvfrom __NR_recvfrom
276 #define SYS_recvmsg __NR_recvmsg
277 #define SYS_security __NR_security
278 #define SYS_semctl __NR_semctl
279 #define SYS_semget __NR_semget
280 #define SYS_semop __NR_semop
281 #define SYS_semtimedop __NR_semtimedop
282 #define SYS_sendmsg __NR_sendmsg
283 #define SYS_sendto __NR_sendto
284 #define SYS_setsockopt __NR_setsockopt
285 #define SYS_shmat __NR_shmat
286 #define SYS_shmctl __NR_shmctl
287 #define SYS_shmdt __NR_shmdt
288 #define SYS_shmget __NR_shmget
289 #define SYS_shutdown __NR_shutdown
290 #define SYS_signalfd __NR_signalfd
291 #define SYS_socket __NR_socket
292 #define SYS_socketpair __NR_socketpair
293 #define SYS_timerfd_create __NR_timerfd_create
294 #define SYS_tuxcall __NR_tuxcall
295 #define SYS_utimensat __NR_utimensat
296 #else
297 #define SYS__llseek __NR__llseek
298 #define SYS__newselect __NR__newselect
299 #define SYS_bdflush __NR_bdflush
300 #define SYS_break __NR_break
301 #define SYS_chown32 __NR_chown32
302 #define SYS_fadvise64_64 __NR_fadvise64_64
303 #define SYS_fchown32 __NR_fchown32
304 #define SYS_fcntl64 __NR_fcntl64
305 #define SYS_fstat64 __NR_fstat64
306 #define SYS_fstatat64 __NR_fstatat64
307 #define SYS_fstatfs64 __NR_fstatfs64
308 #define SYS_ftime __NR_ftime
309 #define SYS_ftruncate64 __NR_ftruncate64
310 #define SYS_getcpu __NR_getcpu
311 #define SYS_getegid32 __NR_getegid32
312 #define SYS_geteuid32 __NR_geteuid32
313 #define SYS_getgid32 __NR_getgid32
314 #define SYS_getgroups32 __NR_getgroups32
315 #define SYS_getresgid32 __NR_getresgid32
316 #define SYS_getresuid32 __NR_getresuid32
317 #define SYS_getuid32 __NR_getuid32
318 #define SYS_gtty __NR_gtty
319 #define SYS_idle __NR_idle
320 #define SYS_ipc __NR_ipc
321 #define SYS_lchown32 __NR_lchown32
322 #define SYS_lock __NR_lock
323 #define SYS_lstat64 __NR_lstat64
324 #define SYS_madvise1 __NR_madvise1
325 #define SYS_mmap2 __NR_mmap2
326 #define SYS_mpx __NR_mpx
327 #define SYS_nice __NR_nice
328 #define SYS_oldfstat __NR_oldfstat
329 #define SYS_oldlstat __NR_oldlstat
330 #define SYS_oldolduname __NR_oldolduname
331 #define SYS_oldstat __NR_oldstat
332 #define SYS_olduname __NR_olduname
333 #define SYS_prof __NR_prof
334 #define SYS_profil __NR_profil
335 #define SYS_readdir __NR_readdir
336 #define SYS_sendfile64 __NR_sendfile64
337 #define SYS_setfsgid32 __NR_setfsgid32
338 #define SYS_setfsuid32 __NR_setfsuid32
339 #define SYS_setgid32 __NR_setgid32
340 #define SYS_setgroups32 __NR_setgroups32
341 #define SYS_setregid32 __NR_setregid32
342 #define SYS_setresgid32 __NR_setresgid32
343 #define SYS_setresuid32 __NR_setresuid32
344 #define SYS_setreuid32 __NR_setreuid32
345 #define SYS_setuid32 __NR_setuid32
346 #define SYS_sgetmask __NR_sgetmask
347 #define SYS_sigaction __NR_sigaction
348 #define SYS_signal __NR_signal
349 #define SYS_sigpending __NR_sigpending
350 #define SYS_sigprocmask __NR_sigprocmask
351 #define SYS_sigreturn __NR_sigreturn
352 #define SYS_sigsuspend __NR_sigsuspend
353 #define SYS_socketcall __NR_socketcall
354 #define SYS_ssetmask __NR_ssetmask
355 #define SYS_stat64 __NR_stat64
356 #define SYS_statfs64 __NR_statfs64
357 #define SYS_stime __NR_stime
358 #define SYS_stty __NR_stty
359 #define SYS_truncate64 __NR_truncate64
360 #define SYS_ugetrlimit __NR_ugetrlimit
361 #define SYS_ulimit __NR_ulimit
362 #define SYS_umount __NR_umount
363 #define SYS_vm86 __NR_vm86
364 #define SYS_vm86old __NR_vm86old
365 #define SYS_waitpid __NR_waitpid
366 #endif

 

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