Linux下使用PARTED对大于2T磁盘分区
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时间：2015年06月20日
Linux下使用PARTED对大于2T磁盘分区
在生产环境中，我们会遇到分区大于2T的磁盘（比如：添加一个10TB的存储），由于MBR分区表只支持2T磁盘，所以大于2T的磁盘必须使用GPT分区表，而我们在做raid时会划分多个VD来进行装系统，但系统安装完后无法将磁盘全部识别出来，这时就需要手动对GPT分区进行挂载，那么如何在linux中对大于2T的磁盘进行挂载？
注意：
GPT格式的磁盘相当于原来MBR磁盘中原来保留4个partition table的4*16个字节,只留第一个16个字节，类似于扩展分区，真正的partition table在512字节之后，GPT磁盘没有四个主分区的限制。
而fdisk是不支持GPT分区的，我们可以使用parted来对GPT磁盘操作。parted功能很强大，既可用命令行也可以用于交互式，在提示符下输入parted就会进入交互式模式,如果有多个磁盘的话，我们需要运行select sdX（X为磁盘）来进行磁盘的选择，也可直接用parted /dev/sdX指定相应的硬盘。
parted 工具使用： [root@RH6 ~]# parted /dev/sdc GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/sdc Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands. (parted) help align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partition NUMBER mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted
[root@server ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 16 128488+ 83 Linux /dev/sda2 17 49 265072+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sda3 50 2610 20571232+ 83 Linux Disk /dev/sdb: 2190.4 GB, 2190433320960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 266305 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Disk /dev/sdb doesn‘t contain a valid partition table
[root@server ~]# parted GNU Parted 1.8.1 Using /dev/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands. (parted) select /dev/sdb //选择磁盘sdb Using /dev/sdb (parted) mklabel gpt //将MBR磁盘格式化为GPT (parted) mkpart primary 0 -1 //将整块磁盘分成一个分区 (parted) print Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 2190GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 2190GB 2190GB primary (parted) quit Information: Don‘t forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.
PS：在Linux系统中挂载SCSI盘阵，且分区大小超过2TB时，无法使用mk2fs命令进行格式化，而在使用mkfs.ext3命令格式化时，需要增加-T largefile参数，否则格式化过程将非常缓慢，对于添加一个10TB的存储，如果linux下直接格式化是一个很漫长的过程，10TB，估计少了30小时是完不成的。
[root@server ~]# mkfs.ext3 -T largefile /dev/sdb1
[root@server ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1 /data1 //对/dev/sdb1添加（修改）标签为/data1
[root@server ~]# e2label /dev/sdb1 //查看分区的标签
/data1
[root@server ~]# mkdir /data1 //在/分区下创建一个配额的挂载点
[root@server ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data1 //对该分区进行手动挂载
这样分区完成并挂载成功，用df –h就可以看到该磁盘的大小
[root@server ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 20G 3.9G 15G 22% /
/dev/sda1 122M 12M 104M 10% /boot
tmpfs 62M 0 62M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 2.0T 199M 1.9T 1% /data1
最后只需在fstab中添加如下一行，就能完成分区的自动挂载
[root@server ~]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /data1 ext3 defaults 0 0
案例分析：
[root@RH6 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sdd doesn‘t contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/dm-0: 30.1 GB, 30098325504 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3659 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 对磁盘分区： [root@RH6 ~]# parted /dev/sdd GNU Parted 2.1 Using /dev/sdd Welcome to GNU Parted! Type ‘help‘ to view a list of commands. (parted) help align-check TYPE N check partition N for TYPE(min|opt) alignment check NUMBER do a simple check on the file system cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER copy file system to another partition help [COMMAND] print general help, or help on COMMAND mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE create a new disklabel (partition table) mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE make a FS-TYPE file system on partition NUMBER mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END make a partition mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END make a partition with a file system move NUMBER START END move partition NUMBER name NUMBER NAME name partition NUMBER as NAME print [devices|free|list,all|NUMBER] display the partition table, available devices, free space, all found partitions, or a particular partition quit exit program rescue START END rescue a lost partition near START and END resize NUMBER START END resize partition NUMBER and its file system rm NUMBER delete partition NUMBER select DEVICE choose the device to edit set NUMBER FLAG STATE change the FLAG on partition NUMBER toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]] toggle the state of FLAG on partition NUMBER unit UNIT set the default unit to UNIT version display the version number and copyright information of GNU Parted (parted) select New device? [/dev/sdd]? Using /dev/sdd (parted) mklabel gpt (parted) print Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags (parted) mkpart primary 0 10240 //建立从0M开始的10g的分区 Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. Ignore/Cancel? i (parted) print Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 10.2GB 10.2GB primary (parted) mkpart primary 10240 -1 //建立从10g开始，剩下所有的空间都建立分区 (parted) p Model: ATA VBOX HARDDISK (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 10.2GB 10.2GB primary 2 10.2GB 21.5GB 11.2GB primary (parted) quit Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab. 对分区进行格式化： [root@RH6 ~]# mkfs.ext3 -T largefile /dev/sdd1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 9856 inodes, 2499995 blocks 124999 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2562719744 77 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 128 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 31 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@RH6 ~]# mkfs.ext3 -T largefile /dev/sdd2 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 10752 inodes, 2742528 blocks 137126 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=2810183680 84 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 128 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208 Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. mount分区： [root@RH6 ~]# mkdir /gpt1 /gpt2 [root@RH6 ~]# mount /dev/sdd1 /gpt1 [root@RH6 ~]# mount /dev/sdd2 /gpt2 [root@RH6 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_rh6-lv_root 28G 20G 6.5G 76% / tmpfs 590M 88K 590M 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 485M 28M 432M 7% /boot /dev/mapper/oravg-lv_data1 9.9G 2.9G 6.5G 31% /dsk1 /dev/mapper/oravg-lv_data2 9.9G 312M 9.1G 4% /dsk2 /dev/mapper/oravg-lv_data3 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /dsk3 /dev/mapper/oravg-lv_data4 11G 3.0G 6.8G 31% /dsk4 /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_dat1 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /dsk5 /dev/mapper/datavg-lv_dat2 7.9G 146M 7.4G 2% /dsk6 /dev/sdd1 9.6G 150M 9.0G 2% /gpt1 /dev/sdd2 11G 155M 9.8G 2% /gpt2 [root@RH6 ~]#
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