Linux常用命令英文全称与中文解释Linux系统

Linux常用命令英文全称与中文解释Linux系统 


man: Manual 意思是手册,可以用这个命令查询其他命令的用法。

pwd:Print working directory 意思是密码。

su:Swith user 切换用户,切换到root用户

cd:Change directory 切换目录

ls:List files 列出目录下的文件

ps:Process Status 进程状态

mkdir:Make directory 建立目录

rmdir:Remove directory 移动目录

mkfs: Make file system 建立文件系统

fsck:File system check 文件系统检查

cat: Concatenate 串联

uname: Unix name 系统名称

df: Disk free 空余硬盘

du: Disk usage 硬盘使用率

lsmod: List modules 列表模块

mv: Move file 移动文件

rm: Remove file 删除文件

cp: Copy file 复制文件

ln: Link files 链接文件

fg: Foreground 前景

bg: Background 背景

chown: Change owner 改变所有者

chgrp: Change group 改变用户组

chmod: Change mode 改变模式

umount: Unmount 卸载

dd: 本来应根据其功能描述“Convert an copy”命名为“cc”,但“cc”已经被用以代表“C Complier”,所以命名为“dd”

tar:Tape archive 解压文件

ldd:List dynamic dependencies 列出动态相依

insmod:Install module 安装模块

rmmod:Remove module 删除模块

lsmod:List module 列表模块
sudo是superuser do的简写



reboot:重启
logout :退出 注销
binary :二进制
device:设备 手段
etcetera:等等 系统配置文件
recursion:递归(-R)
disrecursion:不递归)(-d)
force:直接覆盖(-f)
all:所有的(-a)
list:列出所有信息(-l)

if:提示是否覆盖(-I)
普通文件(-):文本文件和二进制文件
目录文件(d):文件夹
连接文件(l):ln创建的文件
特殊文件:设备文件(b,c)和管道文件(p)
图形界面要注销就从菜单里选择或者快捷键ctrl+alt+backspace
修改登录界面启动:vi /etc/inittab
3 文本 5 图像

使用 man或info 查看有关命令的帮助
使用fdisk -l 显示分区情形;df -h显示磁盘使用情形
使用du -sh /*查看某个(根目录所有文件夹)目录占有磁盘情形
查看linux版本号:uname -a
清屏:clear
检查修复文件系统(非正常关机):fsck
查找文件:find /etc -name 文件名 (/etc为起始目录)
列出某个目录的详细信息:ls -l /etc(/etc为目录)
当前目录:cd . 上一层目录:cd .. 查看目录路径:pwd
创建目录:mkdir 1(1为文件名)
删除空目录:rmdir 1 删除不为空的目录或文件:rm -r(-f) 1
查看用户信息:vi /etc/passwd
隐式密码:vi /etc/shadow
查看某个文件的内容:cat /etc/inittab
移动文件:mv 1.c /root (移动1.c到root中)
创建文件:vi 1.c
复制文件到指定目录:cp /root/1.c/home/1.c(从root目录复制到home目录下)
比较两个文件:diff 1.c 2.c 或cmp 1.c 2.c
标准用户输入:cat (输入完后安ctrl d退出)

显示重定向:ls -l > ls.txt(显示到ls.txt上;0>输入重定向;1>输出重定向;2>错误重定向)

设置文件的读写权限:chmod u+w 1.c(增加文件拥有者对1.c写的权限)
chmod g-r 1.c( 删除工作组对1.c读的权限)
chmod o+x 1.c(增加其他用户对1.c的执行权限)
chmod a-w 1.c(删除所有用户对1.c写的权限)
列出文件索引好:ls -i

构建软硬连接:in -s /home/lxt008 /008(将lxt008链接至008 即008是lxt008的快捷方式 若无-s就是硬链接)


查看DNS客户端配置:more /etc/resolv.conf
查看ip地址:ifconfig(看以上两者的ip是否相符,若不相符 使用下面的命令修改)
更改网络配置:netconfig(修改好后,要使用service network restart重启网络后方能生效)
查看默认路关:route -n
修改默认网关:route add default gw 192.168.88.1(ip和默认网关在同一网段方能联网)
或使用 ifconfig eth0 192.168.88.8 netmask 255.255.255.0 修改ip和子网掩码
结束进程:ctrl+ c(或D)
查看网络状况:netstat


查看某个rpm包是否安装:rpm -qi a.rpm
安装某个包:rpm -ivh a.rpm
打包:tar -cvf lxt008.tar /home/lxt008(将home目录下的路线图lxt008文件夹打包成lxt008.tar v是view简写 f为file)
解包:tar -xvf lxt008.tar /home(解压到home中)
查看包的内容:tar -tvf lxt008.tar
打包并压缩:tar -czvf 008.tar.gz /home/lxtoo8
解压包:tar -xzvf 008.tar.gz /home


注释掉:#
创建shell脚本:vi first.sh
显示字符串:echo "王林"
等待从终端输入给变量:read f(f为变量)
显示变量内容:echo ${f}
查看环境变量:env
不需要换行:-n
查看运行的进程:ps
杀掉某个线程:kill 1186(1186是线程号)
将某个进程设为后台运行:find / -name passwd &(将find / -name passwd进程设为后台运行)

管道:ls -l /dev | more (列出dev目录下的详细信息 又要分页)

vi编辑器中保存文件:w +文件名
显示行号::set nu

http://mark-ztw.iteye.com/blog/1544367


 

Linux的命令及全称

apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
ar = archiver
as = assembler
awk = "Aho Weiberger and Kernighan" 三个作者的姓的第一个字母
 
bash = Bourne Again SHell
bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
bg = BackGround
bin = BINaries(binary)
 
cal = CALendar calendar
cat = CATenate 
cd = Change Directory
chgrp = CHange GRouP
chmod = CHange MODe
chown = CHange OWNer
chsh = CHange SHell
cmp = compare
cobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecture
comm = common
cp = CoPy
cpio = CoPy In and Out
cpp = C Pre Processor
cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
cups = Common Unix Printing System
cvs = Current Version System
 
daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
dc = Desk Calculator
dd = Disk Dump
df = Disk Free
diff = DIFFerence
dmesg = diagnostic message
du = Disk Usage
 
ed = editor
egrep = Extended GREP
elf = Extensible Linking Format
elm = ELectronic Mail
emacs = Editor MACroS
eval = EVALuate
ex = EXtended
exec = EXECute/dev = devices
 
fd = file descriptors
fg = ForeGround
fgrep = Fixed GREP
Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
fmt = format
fsck = File System ChecK
fstab = FileSystem TABle
FIFO = First In, First Out
 
gawk = GNU AWK
gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
groff = GNU troff
GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
 
hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
 
IFS = Internal Field Seperators
 
joe = Joe‘s Own Editor
 
ksh = Korn SHell
 
lame = Lame Ain‘t an MP3 Encoder
lex = LEXical analyser
lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parentheses
ln = LiNk
lpr = Line PRint
ls = list
lsof = LiSt Open Files
LILO = LInux LOader
 
m4 = Macro processor Version 4
man = MANual pages
mawk = Mike Brennan‘s AWK
mc = Midnight Commander
MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
mknod = MaKe NODe
motd = Message of The Day
mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
mtab = Mount TABle
mv = MoVe
 
nano = Nano‘s ANOther editor
nawk = New AWK
nl = Number of Lines
nm = names
nohup = No HangUP
nroff = New ROFF
 
od = Octal Dump
 
passwd = PASSWorD
pg = pager
pico = PIne‘s message COmposition editor
pine = "Program for Internet News & Email" = "Pine is not Elm"
ping = Packet InterNet Groper
pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
popd = POP Directory
pr = pre
printf = PRINT Formatted
ps = Processes Status
pty = pseudo tty
pushd = PUSH Directory
pwd = Print Working Directory
 
rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
rev = REVerse
rm = ReMove
rn = Read News
roff = RunOFF
rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Manager
rsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remote
rxvt = ouR XVT
 
sed = Stream EDitor
seq = SEQuence
shar = SHell ARchive
slrn = S-Lang rn
ssh = Secure SHell
ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
stty = Set TTY
su = Substitute User 或 Switch User(前者较常见)
sudo = superuser / substitue user do
svn = SubVersioN
 
tar = Tape ARchive
tcsh = TENEX C shell
tee = T (T形水管接口)
telnet = TEminaL over Network
termcap = terminal capability
terminfo = terminal information
tex = 希腊文art
tr = traslate
troff = Typesetter new ROFF
tsort = Topological SORT
tty = TeleTypewriter
twm = Tom‘s Window Manager
tz = TimeZone
 
udev = Userspace DEV
ulimit = User‘s LIMIT
umask = User‘s MASK
uniq = UNIQue
 
vi = VIsual = Very Inconvenient vim = Vi IMproved
 
wall = write all
wc = Word Count
wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator xargs = eXtended ARGuments
 
xdm = X Display Manager
xlfd = X Logical Font Description
xmms = X Multimedia System
xrdb = X Resources DataBase
xwd = X Window Dump
 
yacc = yet another compiler compiler
YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
 
附部分目录的全称:
 
/dev = devices
/etc = ETCetera etcetera
/lib = LIBrary
/proc = PROCesses
/sbin = Superuser BINaries
/tmp = TeMPorary
/usr = Unix Shared Resources
/var = VARiable
 
 

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