进程间通信 管道
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26833883-id-3227144.html
前面我们学习了一下进程,我们知道多,进程间的地址空间相对独立。进程与进程间不能像线程间通过全局变量通信。 如果想进程间通信,就需要其他机制。
1.2管道的创建
解释如下 :
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- int main()
- {
- int n;
- int fd[2];
- int count = 0;
- char buf[100] = {0};
- if(pipe(fd) < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to create pipe");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- close(fd[1]);
- if((n = read(fd[0],buf,sizeof(buf))) < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to read pipe");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- printf("Rread %d bytes : %s.\n",n,buf);
- return 0;
- }
运行结果:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #define N 10
- #define MAX 100
- int child_read_pipe(int fd)
- {
- char buf[N];
- int n = 0;
- while(1)
- {
- n = read(fd,buf,sizeof(buf));
- buf[n] = ‘\0‘;
- printf("Read %d bytes : %s.\n",n,buf);
- if(strncmp(buf,"quit",4) == 0)
- break;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- int father_write_pipe(int fd)
- {
- char buf[MAX] = {0};
- while(1)
- {
- printf(">");
- fgets(buf,sizeof(buf),stdin);
- buf[strlen(buf)-1] = ‘\0‘;
- write(fd,buf,strlen(buf));
- usleep(500);
- if(strncmp(buf,"quit",4) == 0)
- break;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- int main()
- {
- int pid;
- int fd[2];
- if(pipe(fd) < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to pipe");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if((pid = fork()) < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to fork");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }else if(pid == 0){
- close(fd[1]);
- child_read_pipe(fd[0]);
- }else{
- close(fd[0]);
- father_write_pipe(fd[1]);
- }
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
运行结果:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <string.h>
- int main()
- {
- int pid;
- int n;
- int fd[2];
- char buf[1000 * 6] = {0};
- if(pipe(fd) < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to pipe");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if((pid = fork()) < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to fork");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }else if(pid == 0){
- close(fd[1]);
- sleep(5);
- close(fd[0]);
- printf("Read port close.\n");
- sleep(3);
- }else{
- close(fd[0]);
- while(1)
- {
- n = write(fd[1],buf,sizeof(buf));
- printf("Write %d bytes to pipe.\n",n);
- }
- }
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
运行结果:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #define MAX 100
- int child_work(int pfd,char *fname)
- {
- int n,fd;
- char buf[MAX];
- if((fd = open(fname,O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC,0666)) < 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to open %s : %s.\n",fname,strerror(errno));
- return -1;
- }
- while( n = read(pfd,buf,sizeof(buf)) )
- {
- write(fd,buf,n);
- }
- close(pfd);
- return 0;
- }
- int father_work(int pfd,char *fname)
- {
- int fd,n;
- char buf[MAX];
- if((fd = open(fname,O_RDONLY)) < 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to open %s : %s.\n",fname,strerror(errno));
- return -1;
- }
- while(n = read(fd,buf,sizeof(buf)))
- {
- write(pfd,buf,n);
- }
- close(pfd);
- return 0;
- }
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- int pid;
- int fd[2];
- if(argc < 3)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"usage %s argv[1] argv[2].\n",argv[0]);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if(pipe(fd) < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to pipe");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if((pid = fork()) < 0)
- {
- perror("Fail to fork");
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }else if(pid == 0){
- close(fd[1]);
- child_work(fd[0],argv[2]);
- }else{
- close(fd[0]);
- father_work(fd[1],argv[1]);
- wait(NULL);
- }
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- int fd;
- if(argc < 2)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"usage : %s argv[1].\n",argv[0]);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if(mkfifo(argv[1],0666) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to mkfifo %s : %s.\n",argv[1],strerror(errno));
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if((fd = open(argv[1],O_WRONLY)) < 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to open %s : %s.\n",argv[1],strerror(errno));
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- printf("open for write success.\n");
- return 0;
- }
B.open for read
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- int fd;
- if(argc < 2)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"usage : %s argv[1].\n",argv[0]);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if(mkfifo(argv[1],0666) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to mkfifo %s : %s.\n",argv[1],strerror(errno));
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if((fd = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY)) < 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to open %s : %s.\n",argv[1],strerror(errno));
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- printf("open for read success.\n");
- return 0;
- }
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #define MAX 655360
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- int n,fd;
- char buf[MAX];
- if(argc < 2)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"usage : %s argv[1].\n",argv[0]);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if(mkfifo(argv[1],0666) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to mkfifo %s : %s.\n",argv[1],strerror(errno));
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if((fd = open(argv[1],O_WRONLY )) < 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to open %s : %s.\n",argv[1],strerror(errno));
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- printf("open for write success.\n");
- while(1)
- {
- printf(">");
- scanf("%d",&n);
- n = write(fd,buf,n);
- printf("write %d bytes.\n",n);
- }
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <errno.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #define MAX 655360
- int main(int argc,char *argv[])
- {
- int fd,n;
- char buf[MAX];
- if(argc < 2)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"usage : %s argv[1].\n",argv[0]);
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if(mkfifo(argv[1],0666) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to mkfifo %s : %s.\n",argv[1],strerror(errno));
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- if((fd = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY )) < 0)
- {
- fprintf(stderr,"Fail to open %s : %s.\n",argv[1],strerror(errno));
- exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
- }
- printf("open for read success.\n");
- while(1)
- {
- printf(">");
- scanf("%d",&n);
- n = read(fd,buf,n);
- printf("Read %d bytes.\n",n);
- }
- exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
- }
读者可以将这两个程序运行,然后输入read和write FIFO大小就可以看到效果。
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