Linux 查看系统硬件信息(实例详解)

cpu

lscpu命令，查看的是cpu的统计信息.

blue@blue-pc:~$ lscpu
Architecture:          i686            #cpu架构
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian   #小尾序
CPU(s):                4               #总共有4核
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    1               #每个cpu核，只能支持一个线程，即不支持超线程
Core(s) per socket:    4               #每个cpu，有4个核
Socket(s):             1               #总共有1一个cpu
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel    #cpu产商 intel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 42
Stepping:              7
CPU MHz:               1600.000
BogoMIPS:              5986.12
Virtualization:        VT-x            #支持cpu虚拟化技术
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              6144K

查看/proc/cpuinfo,可以知道每个cpu信息，如每个CPU的型号，主频等。

#cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor    : 0
vendor_id    : GenuineIntel
cpu family    : 6
model        : 42
model name    : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2320 CPU @ 3.00GHz
.....

上面输出的是第一个cpu部分信息，还有3个cpu信息省略了。

内存

free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          3926       3651        274          0         12        404
-/+ buffers/cache:       3235        691
Swap:         9536         31       9505

这里的单位是MB，总共的内存是3926MB。

查看内存详细使用

# cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:        4020868 kB
MemFree:          230884 kB
Buffers:            7600 kB
Cached:           454772 kB
SwapCached:          836 kB
.....

查看内存硬件信息

yum -y install dmidecode

dmidecode -t  查看相关参数，  以下为带上相关参数来检测相关信息。
bios
system
baseboard     主板信息
chassis
processor     CPU
memory        内存
cache
connector
slot
注：如果不带以上参数，就会把所有信息显示出来，不好查看。

1、 dmidecode -t processor
查看CPU信息，就可以看到你的CPU是什么型号，多少核，频率、缓存等信息
cat /proc/cpuinfo  也一样可查CPU信息。

2、 dmidecode -t baseboard
查看主板信息，会显示具体的主板英文型号， 国外免费空间

再到网上搜索一下主板的英文型号信息就知道了他属什么主板，用的什么芯片组。

SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes
System Information
      Manufacturer: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd.
      Product Name: G31M-ES2L
      Version:
      Serial Number:
      UUID: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-00241DCA48F8
      Wake-up Type: Power Switch
      SKU Number:
      Family:

      这是技嘉主板，G31M 的  

3、 dmidecode -t 17  
    能显示 插入的内存条的详细信息，如芯片，频率等等,如：
Handle 0x0034, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
      Array Handle: 0x0031
      Error Information Handle: 0x0035
      Total Width: 64 bits
      Data Width: 64 bits
Size: 2048 MB
      Form Factor: DIMM
      Set: None
      Locator: DIMM0
      Bank Locator: BANK0
Type: DDR2
      Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: 800 MHz
      Manufacturer: Manufacturer00
      Serial Number: SerNum00
      Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0
      Part Number: ModulePartNumber00

以上信息显示，内存为2G DDR2 800的。

或    dmidecode -t memory    
      能显示主板支持最大多少的内存，最多支持多少， 内存是否双通道等、如：
      （有些系统，或主板不能显示这些信息）

Handle 0x0008, DMI type 5, 24 bytes
Memory Controller Information
      Error Detecting Method: None
      Error Correcting Capabilities:
              None
      Supported Interleave: One-way Interleave
      Current Interleave: One-way Interleave
      Maximum Memory Module Size: 16384 MB   单条支持16G
      Maximum Total Memory Size: 65536 MB      最大支持64G
      Supported Speeds:
              Other
      Supported Memory Types:
              DIMM
      Memory Module Voltage: 3.3 V
      Associated Memory Slots: 4
              0x0009
              0x000A
              0x000B
              0x000C
      Enabled Error Correcting Capabilities:
              None


Handle 0x0009, DMI type 6, 12 bytes
Memory Module Information
      Socket Designation: DIMM0
      Bank Connections: 0 1
      Current Speed: 25 ns
      Type: DIMM
      Installed Size: 2048 MB (Double-bank Connection)  双通道
      Enabled Size: 2048 MB (Double-bank Connection)
      Error Status: OK

查看bios信息

# dmidecode -t bios
# dmidecode 2.12
SMBIOS 2.4 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
    Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD
    Version: 6.00
    Release Date: 07/02/2012
    Address: 0xEA0C0
    Runtime Size: 89920 bytes
    ROM Size: 64 kB
    Characteristics:
        ISA is supported
        PCI is supported
        PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported
        PNP is supported
        APM is supported
        BIOS is upgradeable
        BIOS shadowing is allowed
        ESCD support is available
        Boot from CD is supported
        Selectable boot is supported
        EDD is supported
        Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
        8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
        Serial services are supported (int 14h)
        Printer services are supported (int 17h)
        CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h)
        ACPI is supported
        Smart battery is supported
        BIOS boot specification is supported
        Function key-initiated network boot is supported
        Targeted content distribution is supported
    BIOS Revision: 4.6
    Firmware Revision: 0.0

如果要查看所有有用信息

dmidecode -q

里面包含了很多硬件信息

磁盘

查看硬盘和分区分布

# lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 465.8G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0     1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0   9.3G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda3   8:3    0  74.5G  0 part /
├─sda4   8:4    0     1K  0 part
├─sda5   8:5    0 111.8G  0 part /home
└─sda6   8:6    0 269.2G  0 part

如果要看硬盘和分区的详细信息

# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00023728
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2148351     1073152   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2148352    21680127     9765888   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3        21680128   177930239    78125056   83  Linux
/dev/sda4       177932286   976771071   399419393    5  Extended/dev/sda5       177932288   412305407   117186560   83  Linux
/dev/sda6       412307456   976771071   282231808   83  Linux

网卡

查看网卡硬件信息

# lspci | grep -i ‘eth‘
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)
02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)

查看系统的所有网络接口

# ifconfig -a
eth0      Link encap:以太网  硬件地址 b8:97:5a:17:b3:8f
          .....
lo        Link encap:本地环回

或者：

# ip link show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:65:fa:72 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:65:fa:7c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

如果要查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如eth0的详细参数和指标

# ethtool eth0
Settings for eth0:
    Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
    Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full #支持千兆半双工，全双工模式
    Supported pause frame use: No
    Supports auto-negotiation: Yes #支持自适应模式，一般都支持
    Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
    Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
    Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes #默认使用自适应模式
    Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                         100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
    .....
    Speed: 100Mb/s #现在网卡的速度是100Mb,网卡使用自适应模式，所以推测路由是100Mb，导致网卡从支持千兆，变成要支持百兆
    Duplex: Full   #全双工
    .....
    Link detected: yes    #表示有网线连接，和路由是通的

其他

查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息。

lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family DRAM Controller (rev 09) #主板芯片
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09) #显卡
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04) #usb控制器
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Panther Point High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04) #声卡
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4) #pci 插槽
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev c4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Panther Point USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Panther Point LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 4 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Panther Point SMBus Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.5 IDE interface: Intel Corporation Panther Point 2 port SATA Controller [IDE mode] (rev 04) #硬盘接口
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168B PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet controller (rev 06) #网卡
03:00.0 PCI bridge: Integrated Technology Express, Inc. Device 8893 (rev 41)

如果要更详细的信息:lspci -v 或者 lspci -vv

如果要看设备树:lscpi -t

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/ggjucheng/archive/2012/11/01/2750179.html

本文出自 “从心开始” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://fuquanjun.blog.51cto.com/5820068/1408909

Linux 查看系统硬件信息(实例详解),古老的榕树,5-wow.com