Think in Java(四):复用类
public class SprinklerSystem { private String valve; public String toString() { value = "test"; return "valve = " + valve; } public static void main(String[] args) { SprinklerSystem sprinklers = new SprinklerSystem(); System.out.println(sprinklers); } } /* Output: value = "test"; *///:~
2. Java会自动在子类的构造器中插入对父类构造器的调用,即会先调用父类的构造器,如果父类没有无参的构造器,那就要通过super(param)显式调用父类带参构造器
class Art { Art() { print("Art constructor"); } } class Drawing extends Art { Drawing() { print("Drawing constructor"); } } public class Cartoon extends Drawing { public Cartoon() { print("Cartoon constructor"); } public static void main(String[] args) { Cartoon x = new Cartoon(); } } /* Output: Art constructor Drawing constructor Cartoon constructor *///:~
3. 不能认为一个变量是final的,就认为无法改变它的值,final的意思是无法将引用只想另一个新的对象。
public class FinalArguments { void with(final Gizmo g) { //! g = new Gizmo(); // Illegal -- g is final } }
4. 继承及初始化:
访问Beetle.main()方法时,加载器开始启动并找到Beetle类的编译代码,在对它进行加载的过程中,编译器注意到它有一个父类。
于是开始加载父类,然后父类中的static初始化即会被执行...
class Insect { private int i = 9; protected int j; Insect() { print("i = " + i + ", j = " + j); j = 39; } private static int x1 = printInit("static Insect.x1 initialized"); static int printInit(String s) { print(s); return 47; } } public class Beetle extends Insect { private int k = printInit("Beetle.k initialized"); public Beetle() { print("k = " + k); print("j = " + j); } private static int x2 = printInit("static Beetle.x2 initialized"); public static void main(String[] args) { print("Beetle constructor"); Beetle b = new Beetle(); } } /* Output: static Insect.x1 initialized static Beetle.x2 initialized Beetle constructor i = 9, j = 0 Beetle.k initialized k = 47 j = 39 *///:~
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