使用Spring MVC 4构建Restful服务
使用Spring MVC 4构建RESTful服务相对于其它框架来说,有很多优势。首先,Spring MVC 4作为Spring的框架之一,可以很好地与Spring进行集成。其次,Spring MVC 4的拦截器是在方法层级上的拦截,相对于其它MVC框架(如Struts2)的拦截器具有更高的效率。再者,Spring MVC 4采用基于注解的配置,入手容易,开发灵活。
Spring MVC 4采用的是jacson解析JSON。jacson一款非常高效强大的JSON工具类,可以轻松地在JAVA对象与json对象和XML文档之间进行序列化和反序列化。本文中的例子采用的是Spring 4.1.1.RELEASE和jacson 2.4.0版本,经测试无任何异常。接下来,上干货:
开发环境准备:
Eclipse Luna
Apache Tomcat 8.0
JDK 1.7
Spring 4.1.1.RELEASE
jackson 2.4.0
工程目录如下:
1. 新建Maven Project,选择在“Archetype类型”中,选择“maven-archetype-webapp”。
2. 在Pom.xml中添加 Maven 依赖,从而可以使用 Spring和jackson中的特性。如果读者使用的是Dynamic Web Project,可以从Maven仓库下载对的Spring Jar和 jacson jar。
Spring的Maven仓库地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/springframework/
jackson的Maven仓库地址:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/fasterxml/jackson/core/
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.favccxx.favsoft</groupId> <artifactId>favspringmvcrestful</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>favspringmvcrestful Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version> <jackson.version>2.4.0</jackson.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>favspringmvcrestful</finalName> </build> </project>
3.在 web.xml中,配置Spring MVC 4 的DispatcherServlet转发和编码。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <display-name>favblog</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value></param-value> </context-param> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath*:spring-context.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.favccxx.favsoft.favjson.controller"></context:component-scan> <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver"> <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> </beans>
4.新建 FavUser.java 类,测试JSON与Object之间的映射。需要注意的是,如果想对日期进行格式化,在其Getter方法上,使用 @JsonFormat 即可,这样就能输出符合pattern类型的日期,但是这同时也要求输入的日期参数也必须是pattern类型的。
package com.favccxx.favsoft.favjson.pojo; import java.util.Date; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonFormat; public class FavUser { private String userId; private String userName; private int userAge; private Date createDate; public String getUserId() { return userId; } public void setUserId(String userId) { this.userId = userId; } public String getUserName() { return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) { this.userName = userName; } public int getUserAge() { return userAge; } public void setUserAge(int userAge) { this.userAge = userAge; } @JsonFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss") public Date getCreateDate() { return createDate; } public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) { this.createDate = createDate; } }
5. 新建FavRestfulController,通过不同的方法测试Spring MVC 4 返回String、Object类型的JSON。
package com.favccxx.favsoft.favjson.controller; import java.io.IOException; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import com.favccxx.favsoft.favjson.pojo.FavUser; @RestController public class FavRestfulController { @RequestMapping(value="/getUserName",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String getUserName(@RequestParam(value="name") String name){ return name; } @RequestMapping("getFavUser") public FavUser getFavUser(@RequestParam("userName") String userName,String userId,int userAge){ FavUser favUser = new FavUser(); favUser.setUserId(userId); favUser.setUserName(userName); favUser.setUserAge(userAge); return favUser; } @RequestMapping("getFavUserBody") public FavUser getFavUserBody(@RequestBody String body){ ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); FavUser favUser = null; try { favUser = mapper.readValue(body, FavUser.class); } catch (JsonParseException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (JsonMappingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return favUser; } }
6.运行结果如下:
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