python 远程执行代码 paramiko fabric

python模块：

paramiko

fabric

1. paramiko

installtion：

    yum -y install python-devel

    pip install paramiko

    problem:

    1.1 error: command ‘gcc’ failed with exit status 1

        这是缺少python-devel软件包，安装即可

    1.2 导入paramiko时报错： error: ‘module’ object has no attribute                             ‘HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC’

        编辑 /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/Crypto/Util/number.py

        把if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC:

    注释了

        #if _fastmath is not None and not _fastmath.HAVE_DECL_MPZ_POWM_SEC:

        use：

    1.3 执行命令并将结果输出

        import paramiko

        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

        ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

        ssh.connect("某IP地址",22,"用户名", "口令")

        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("你的命令")

        print stdout.readlines()

        ssh.close()

    1.4 下载远程文件

        import paramiko

        t = paramiko.Transport((“主机”,”端口”))

        t.connect(username = “用户名”, password = “口令”)

        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)

        remotepath=’/var/log/system.log’

        localpath=’/tmp/system.log’

        sftp.get(remotepath, localpath)

        t.close()

    1.5 上传文件

        import paramiko

        t = paramiko.Transport((“主机”,”端口”))

        t.connect(username = “用户名”, password = “口令”)

        sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(t)

        remotepath=’/var/log/system.log’

        localpath=’/tmp/system.log’

        sftp.put(localpath,remotepath)

        t.close()

2. fabric

web:http://docs.fabfile.org/en/1.8/

installation:

yum install python-devel

pip install fabric

code: named fabfile.py

from fabric.api import *

env.username = ‘root‘ 

env.password = ‘123‘

env.hosts = [‘localhost‘,‘127.0.0.1‘]

def host_type():

    run(‘uname -s‘)

def check_ver():

run("""LAST_VER=`curl -s http://deploymaster/deploy/lastver`;

LAST_WP=/var/www/releases/wordpress-${LAST_VER};

test -d ${LAST_WP};

""")

run:

fab host_type

result:

[root@localhost ~]# fab  host_type

[localhost] Executing task ‘host_type‘

[localhost] run: uname -s

[localhost] out: Linux

[localhost] out: 

[127.0.0.1] Executing task ‘host_type‘

[127.0.0.1] run: uname -s

[127.0.0.1] out: Linux

[127.0.0.1] out: 

Done.

Disconnecting from 127.0.0.1... done.

Disconnecting from localhost... done.

fabric应用:

1、fab -H X.X.X.X  host_type

2、fab host_type check_ver

3、role： 当client较多时可以定义角色，然后按角色进行操作。

#!/usr/bin/pyhton

from fabric.api import *

env.user = ‘root‘

env.password = ‘vagrant‘

env.roledefs = {

‘web‘: [‘X.X.X.X‘],

‘dns‘: [‘Y.Y.Y.Y‘]

}

def test():

    run(‘uname -a‘)

run:

fab -R web test

result:

[X.X.X.X] Executing task ‘test‘

[X.X.X.X] run: uname -a

[X.X.X.X] out: Linux salt-master 2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 16 18:37:12 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[X.X.X.X] out:

[Y.Y.Y.Y] Executing task ‘test‘

[Y.Y.Y.Y] run: uname -a

[Y.Y.Y.Y] out: Linux salt-minion-3 2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 16 18:37:12 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[Y.Y.Y.Y] out:

Done.

Disconnecting from Y.Y.Y.Y... done.

Disconnecting from X.X.X.X... done.

#从结果可以看到，fab只执行了属于web组的client。

4、extend属性

from fabric.api import env, run

env.hosts.extend([‘host3‘, ‘host4‘])

def test():

    run(‘uname -r‘)

When this fabfile is run as fab -H host1,host2 mytask, env.hosts will then contain [‘host1‘, ‘host2‘, ‘host3‘, ‘host4‘] at the time that mytask is executed.

5、fabfile中没有定义client，可以在命令行中指定

fab mytask:hosts=‘X.X.X.X‘

6、使用task方式：

from fabric.api import hosts, run

my_hosts = (‘X.X.X.X‘, ‘Y.Y.Y.Y‘)

@hosts(my_hosts)

def test():

run(‘uname -r‘)

run:

fab test

resule: 从结果中可以看到，fab只执行了task定义的test部分

[X.X.X.X] Executing task ‘test‘

[X.X.X.X] run: uname -a

[X.X.X.X] out: Linux salt-master 2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 16 18:37:12 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[X.X.X.X] out:

[Y.Y.Y.Y] Executing task ‘test‘

[Y.Y.Y.Y] run: uname -a

[Y.Y.Y.Y] out: Linux salt-minion-1 2.6.32-358.23.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 16 18:37:12 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[172.23.177.46] out:

Done.

Disconnecting from X.X.X.X... done.

Disconnecting from Y.Y.Y.Y... done.

7、综合应用：

from fabric.api import env, hosts, roles, run

env.roledefs = {‘role1‘: [‘b‘, ‘c‘]}

@hosts(‘a‘, ‘b‘)

@roles(‘role1‘)

def test():

    run(‘uname -r‘)

8、遇到主机不可达的情况，可以使用--skip-bad-hosts参数，这样就会跳过不存在或有问题的client，而执行其他的client，从返回结果中可以排除那些是有问题的client，进而在进行处理

fab --skip-bad-hosts test 

node:

my_hosts = (‘X.X.X.X‘)

@hosts(my_hosts)

def test():

    run(‘uname -a‘)

本文出自 “muzinan的技术博客” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://muzinan110.blog.51cto.com/684213/1439966