Java web----监听器
1 JavaWeb监听器概述
在JavaWeb被监听的事件源为:ServletContext、HttpSession、ServletRequest,即三大域对象。
- 监听域对象“创建”与“销毁”的监听器;
- 监听域对象“操作域属性”的监听器;
- 监听HttpSession的监听器。
创建与销毁监听器一共有三个:
ServletContextListener:Tomcat启动和关闭时调用下面两个方法
- public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent evt):ServletContext对象被创建后调用;
- public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent evt):ServletContext对象被销毁前调用;
HttpSessionListener:开始会话和结束会话时调用下面两个方法
- public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent evt):HttpSession对象被创建后调用;
- public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent evt):HttpSession对象被销毁前调用;
ServletRequestListener:开始请求和结束请求时调用下面两个方法
- public void requestInitiallized(ServletRequestEvent evt):ServletRequest对象被创建后调用;
- public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent evt):ServletRequest对象被销毁前调用。
ServletContextEvent:ServletContextgetServletContext();
HttpSeessionEvent:HttpSessiongetSession();
ServletRequestEvent:
- ServletRequest getServletRequest()
- ServletContext getServletContext()
编写测试例子:
- 编写MyServletContextListener类,实现ServletContextListener接口;
- 在web.xml文件中部署监听器;
- 为了看到session销毁的效果,在web.xml文件中设置session失效时间为1分钟;
/* * ServletContextListener实现类 * contextDestroyed() -- 在ServletContext对象被销毁前调用 * contextInitialized() -- -- 在ServletContext对象被创建后调用 * ServletContextEvent -- 事件类对象 * 该类有getServletContext(),用来获取ServletContext对象,即获取事件源对象 */ public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener { public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent evt) { System.out.println("销毁ServletContext对象"); } public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent evt) { System.out.println("创建ServletContext对象"); } }
/* * HttpSessionListener实现类 * sessionCreated() -- 在HttpSession对象被创建后被调用 * sessionDestroyed() -- -- 在HttpSession对象被销毁前调用 * HttpSessionEvent -- 事件类对象 * 该类有getSession(),用来获取当前HttpSession对象,即获取事件源对象 */ public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener { public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent evt) { System.out.println("创建session对象"); } public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent evt) { System.out.println("销毁session对象"); } }
/* * ServletRequestListener实现类 * requestDestroyed() -- 在ServletRequest对象被销毁前调用 * requestInitialized() -- 在ServletRequest对象被创建后调用 * ServletRequestEvent -- 事件类对象 * 该类有getServletContext(),用来获取ServletContext对象 * 该类有getServletRequest(),用来获取当前ServletRequest对象,即事件源对象 */ public class MyServletRequestListener implements ServletRequestListener { public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent evt) { System.out.println("销毁request对象"); } public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent evt) { System.out.println("创建request对象"); } }
<listener> <listener-class>cn.itcast.listener.MyServletContextListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>cn.itcast.listener.MyHttpSessionListener</listener-class> </listener> <listener> <listener-class>cn.itcast.listener.MyServletRequestListener</listener-class> </listener> <session-config> <session-timeout>1</session-timeout> </session-config>
4 操作域属性的监听器
当对域属性进行增、删、改时,执行的监听器一共有三个:
ServletContextAttributeListener:在ServletContext域进行增、删、改属性时调用下面方法。
- public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent evt)
- public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent evt)
- public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent evt)
HttpSessionAttributeListener:在HttpSession域进行增、删、改属性时调用下面方法
- public void attributeAdded(HttpSessionBindingEvent evt)
- public void attributeRemoved (HttpSessionBindingEvent evt)
- public void attributeReplaced (HttpSessionBindingEvent evt)
ServletRequestAttributeListener:在ServletRequest域进行增、删、改属性时调用下面方法
- public void attributeAdded(ServletRequestAttributeEvent evt)
- public void attributeRemoved (ServletRequestAttributeEvent evt)
- public void attributeReplaced (ServletRequestAttributeEvent evt)
下面对这三个监听器的事件对象功能进行介绍:
ServletContextAttributeEvent
- String getName():获取当前操作的属性名;
- Object getValue():获取当前操作的属性值;
- ServletContext getServletContext():获取ServletContext对象。
HttpSessionBindingEvent
- String getName():获取当前操作的属性名;
- Object getValue():获取当前操作的属性值;
- HttpSession getSession():获取当前操作的session对象。
ServletRequestAttributeEvent
- String getName():获取当前操作的属性名;
- Object getValue():获取当前操作的属性值;
- ServletContext getServletContext():获取ServletContext对象;
- ServletRequest getServletRequest():获取当前操作的ServletRequest对象。
package com.cug.attribute01; import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent; import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener; public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener{ @Override public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0) { System.out.println("attributeAdded:"+arg0.getName()+",\n"+arg0.getValue()); } @Override public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0) { System.out.println("attributeRemoved:"+arg0.getName()+","+arg0.getValue()); } @Override public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0) { //arg0.getValue()为替代之前的值 //arg0.getServletContext().getAttribute(arg0.getName())为替代之后的值 System.out.println("attributeReplaced:"+arg0.getName()+","+arg0.getValue() +","+arg0.getServletContext().getAttribute(arg0.getName())); } }
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <% application.setAttribute("xxx", "aaa"); %> </body> </html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'replace.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <% application.setAttribute("xxx","bbb"); %> </body> </html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'remove.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <% application.removeAttribute("xxx"); %> </body> </html>
5 HttpSession的监听器
还有两个与HttpSession相关的特殊的监听器,这两个监听器的特点如下:
- 不用在web.xml文件中部署;
- 这两个监听器不是给session添加,而是给Bean添加。即让Bean类实现监听器接口,然后再把Bean对象添加到session域中。
下面对这两个监听器介绍一下:
HttpSessionBindingListener:当某个类实现了该接口后,可以感知本类对象添加到session中,以及感知从session中移除。例如让Person类实现HttpSessionBindingListener接口,那么当把Person对象添加到session中,或者把Person对象从session中移除时会调用下面两个方法:
- public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event):当把监听器对象添加到session中会调用监听器对象的本方法;
- public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event):当把监听器对象从session中移除时会调用监听器对象的本方法;
这里要注意,HttpSessionBindingListener监听器的使用与前面介绍的都不相同,当该监听器对象添加到session中,或把该监听器对象从session移除时会调用监听器中的方法。并且无需在web.xml文件中部署这个监听器。
package com.cug.session; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener; public class Person implements HttpSessionBindingListener{ private String name; private int age; private String sex; public Person() { super(); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } public Person(String name, int age, String sex) { super(); this.name = name; this.age = age; this.sex = sex; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + "]"; } @Override public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) { System.out.println("valueBound~"); } @Override public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent arg0) { System.out.println("valueUnbound~"); } }
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'a.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <% com.cug.session.Person per = new com.cug.session.Person("zhu",23,"男"); session.setAttribute("person", per); %> </body> </html>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'b.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page"> <!-- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css"> --> </head> <body> <% out.println(session.getAttribute("person")); %> </body> </html>
6 HttpSession的监听器
HttpSessionActivationListener:Tomcat会在session从时间不被使用时钝化session对象,所谓钝化session,就是把session通过序列化的方式保存到硬盘文件中。当用户再使用session时,Tomcat还会把钝化的对象再活化session,所谓活化就是把硬盘文件中的session在反序列化回内存。当session被Tomcat钝化时,session中存储的对象也被纯化,当session被活化时,也会把session中存储的对象活化。如果某个类实现了HttpSessionActiveationListener接口后,当对象随着session被钝化和活化时,下面两个方法就会被调用:
- public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se):当对象感知被钝化时调用本方法;
- public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se):当对象感知被活化时调用本方法;
HttpSessionActivationListener监听器与HttpSessionBindingListener监听器相似,都是感知型的监听器,例如让Person类实现了HttpSessionActivationListener监听器接口,并把Person对象添加到了session中后,当Tomcat钝化session时,同时也会钝化session中的Person对象,这时Person对象就会感知到自己被钝化了,其实就是调用Person对象的sessionWillPassivate()方法。当用户再次使用session时,Tomcat会活化session,这时Person会感知到自己被活化,其实就是调用Person对象的sessionDidActivate()方法。
注意,因为钝化和活化session,其实就是使用序列化和反序列化技术把session从内存保存到硬盘,和把session从硬盘加载到内存。这说明如果Person类没有实现Serializable接口,那么当session钝化时就不会钝化Person,而是把Person从session中移除再钝化!这也说明session活化后,session中就不在有Person对象了。
示例步骤:
先不管HttpSessionActivationListener监听器接口,先来配置Tomcat钝化session的参数,把下面配置文件放到tomcat\conf\catalina\localhost目录下!文件名称为项目名称。
<Context> <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager" maxIdleSwap="1"> <Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore" directory="mysession"/> </Manager> </Context>
访问项目的index.jsp页面,这会使Tomcat创建Session对象,然后等待一分钟后,查看Tomcat\work\Catalina\localhost\listener\mysession目录下是否会产生文件,如果产生了,说明钝化session的配置成功了,可以开始下一步了。
创建Person类,让Person类实现HttpSessionActivationListener和Serializable接口:
public class Person implements HttpSessionActivationListener, Serializable { private String name; private int age; private String sex; public Person(String name, int age, String sex) { super(); this.name = name; this.age = age; this.sex = sex; } public Person() { super(); } public String toString() { return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", sex=" + sex + "]"; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent evt) { System.out.println("session已经活化"); } public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent evt) { System.out.println("session被钝化了!"); } }
与上例一样,编写Servlet,提供两个方法:一个向session中添加Person对象,另一个从session中移除Person对象:
public class ListenerServlet extends BaseServlet { public String addPerson(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { Person p = new Person("zhangSan", 23, "male"); request.getSession().setAttribute("person", p); return "/index.jsp"; } public String removePerson(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { request.getSession().removeAttribute("person"); return "/index.jsp"; } }
在index.jsp页面中给出访问addPerson()和removePerson()的方法:
<body> <a href="<c:url value='/ListenerServlet?method=addPerson'/>">addPerson</a> <br/> <a href="<c:url value='/ListenerServlet?method=removePerson'/>">removePerson</a> <br/> </body>
- 打开index.jsp页面,这时Tomcat会创建session,必须在1分钟之前点击addPerson链接,这能保证在session被钝化之前把Person对象添加到session中;
- 等待一分钟,这时session会被钝化,也就会调用Person的sessionWillPassivate();
- 刷新一下index.jsp页面,这会使session活化,会调用Person的sessionDidActivate()方法。
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