Python unittest

  1. unittest module包含了编写运行unittest的功能,自定义的test class都要集成unitest.TestCase类,test method要以test开头,运行顺序根据test method的名字排序,特殊方法:
    • setup():每个测试函数运行前运行
    • teardown():每个测试函数运行完后执行
    • setUpClass():必须使用@classmethod 装饰器,所有test运行前运行一次
    • tearDownClass():必须使用@classmethod装饰器,所有test运行完后运行一次
  2. 示例代码:
    #文件名runtest.py
    import random import unittest class TestSequenceFunctions(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): self.seq = list(range(10)) def test_shuffle(self): # make sure the shuffled sequence does not lose any elements random.shuffle(self.seq) self.seq.sort() self.assertEqual(self.seq, list(range(10))) # should raise an exception for an immutable sequence self.assertRaises(TypeError, random.shuffle, (1,2,3)) def test_choice(self): element = random.choice(self.seq) self.assertTrue(element in self.seq) def test_sample(self): with self.assertRaises(ValueError): random.sample(self.seq, 20) for element in random.sample(self.seq, 5): self.assertTrue(element in self.seq) if __name__ == __main__: unittest.main()
    运行方式:在命令行直接运行这个runtest.py
  3. 可以使用unitest.skip装饰器族跳过test method或者test class,这些装饰器包括:
    • @unittest.skip(reason):无条件跳过测试,reason描述为什么跳过测试
    • @unittest.skipif(conditition,reason):condititon为true时跳过测试
    • @unittest.skipunless(condition,reason):condition不是true时跳过测试
    • 可以自定义skip decorator
      #这是一个自定义的skip decorrator
      def skipUnlessHasattr(obj, attr):
          if hasattr(obj, attr):
              return lambda func: func
          return unittest.skip("{!r} doesn‘t have {!r}".format(obj, attr))
    • skip decorator示例代码:
      class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
      
          @unittest.skip("demonstrating skipping")
          def test_nothing(self):
              self.fail("shouldn‘t happen")
      
          @unittest.skipIf(mylib.__version__ < (1, 3),
                           "not supported in this library version")
          def test_format(self):
              # Tests that work for only a certain version of the library.
              pass
      
          @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform.startswith("win"), "requires Windows")
          def test_windows_support(self):
              # windows specific testing code
              pass
      
      @unittest.skip("showing class skipping")
      class MySkippedTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
          def test_not_run(self):
              pass
  4. expected failure:使用@unittest.expectedFailure装饰器,如果test失败了,这个test不计入失败的case数目

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