web service初次使用小例

浏览数：21 / 时间：2015年06月09日

利用Java编写简单的WebService实例

      使用Axis编写WebService比较简单，就我的理解，WebService的实现代码和编写Java代码其实没有什么区别，主要是将哪些Java类发布为WebService。下面是一个从编写测试例子到发布WebService，以及编写测试代码的过程介绍。

      本例子的WebService提供了两个方法，分别是sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，第一个只是返回一个"Hello"字符串，没有参数，第二个函数接受一个字符串作为参数，返回"Hello 参数值"，该例子比较简单，但是清楚的说明了从编写代码到发布为WebService以及测试编写好的WebService全过程。

编写服务代码

      服务代码提供了两个函数，分别为sayHello和sayHelloToPerson，源代码如下：

package com.sinosoft.webservice;
public class HelloService {
        /**
         * 不带参数的函数
         * 
         * @return 返回Hello字符串
         */
        public String sayHello() {
            return "Hello";
        }

        /**
         * 带参数的函数
         * 
         * @param name 名称
         * @return 返回加上名称的欢迎词
         */
        public String sayHelloToPerson(String name) {
            if (name == null || name.equals("")) {
                name = "nobody";
            }
            return "Hello " + name;
        }

}

发布WebService

      要将上边写的HelloService类发布为WebService，需要先搭建Web应用。下面是在Tomcat下使用Axis创建WebService服务的例子。

1.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建web.xml文件，该文件的内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web
Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">

<web-app>
  <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name>
    
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisHTTPSessionListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
    <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet
    </servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
    <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet
    </servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
    <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name>
    <servlet-class>
        org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService
    </servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name>
      <param-value>5001</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

 <!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet -->
 <!--
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
 -->

    <session-config>
        <!-- Default to 5 minute session timeouts -->
        <session-timeout>5</session-timeout>
    </session-config>

    <!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL;
    http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft
    for now we go with the basic ‘it‘s XML‘ response -->
  <mime-mapping>
    <extension>wsdl</extension>
     <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>
  

  <mime-mapping>
    <extension>xsd</extension>
    <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>

  <welcome-file-list id="WelcomeFileList">
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jws</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>

</web-app>
View Code

在上面的web.xml中主要是配置了axis的相关配置。

axis的相关配置

     在上述的web.xml文件中已经对axis进行了配置，但是还需要进行额外的配置。

     复制axis相关的jar文件

     将axis的相关jar文件复制到WEB-INF\lib文件夹下。这些文件包括：

activation.jar
axis.jar
axis-ant.jar
axis-schema.jar
commons-discovery-0.2.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
jaxrpc.jar
log4j-1.2.8.jar
mailapi.jar
saaj.jar
wsdl4j-1.5.1.jar
xmlsec-1.3.0.jar

     

测试发布的Web应用

     启动Tomcat服务，打开浏览器，访问地址http://localhost:port/项目名/services，如果看到如下界面就说明AXIS部署成功了。

And now... Some Services

  • AdminService (wsdl)
    • AdminService
  • Version (wsdl)
    • getVersion

发布WebService

     发布WebService需要使用现有的AdminService来实现，这里我写了一个批处理文件来发布WebService，以后如果需要发布其他文件，只需要修改相应的参数就可以了。

创建server-config.wsdd文件

     文件server-config.wsdd内容如下所示：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/" xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">
<handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper" name="URLMapper" />
    <service name="HelloServices" provider="java:RPC">
        <parameter name="className" value="com.sinosoft.webservice.HelloService"/>
        <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="*"/>
    </service>
    <transport name="http">
        <requestFlow>
            <handler type="URLMapper" />
        </requestFlow>
    </transport>
</deployment>
View Code

最后再次运行Tomcat,访问地址http://localhost:port/项目名/services则出现如下:

And now... Some Services

  • HelloServices (wsdl)
    • sayHello
    • sayHelloToPerson

从上图可以看出，发布成功后，则出现一个HelloServices的服务。这样就说明HelloService发布成功了。

查看HelloServices的wsdl

     直接点击

或者访问http://host:port/ws/services/HelloServices?wsdl可以看到如下wsdl的内容：

<wsdl:definitions xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices" xmlns:intf="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" targetNamespace="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices">
<!--
WSDL created by Apache Axis version: 1.4
Built on Apr 22, 2006 (06:55:48 PDT)
-->
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">
<wsdl:part name="sayHelloToPersonReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">
<wsdl:part name="name" type="soapenc:string"/>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloRequest"></wsdl:message>
<wsdl:message name="sayHelloResponse">
<wsdl:part name="sayHelloReturn" type="soapenc:string"/>
</wsdl:message>
<wsdl:portType name="HelloService">
<wsdl:operation name="sayHello">
<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloRequest" name="sayHelloRequest"/>
<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloResponse" name="sayHelloResponse"/>
</wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson" parameterOrder="name">
<wsdl:input message="impl:sayHelloToPersonRequest" name="sayHelloToPersonRequest"/>
<wsdl:output message="impl:sayHelloToPersonResponse" name="sayHelloToPersonResponse"/>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:portType>
<wsdl:binding name="HelloServicesSoapBinding" type="impl:HelloService">
<wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/>
<wsdl:operation name="sayHello">
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>
<wsdl:input name="sayHelloRequest">
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="sayHelloResponse">
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
<wsdl:operation name="sayHelloToPerson">
<wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/>
<wsdl:input name="sayHelloToPersonRequest">
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://webservice.sinosoft.com" use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:input>
<wsdl:output name="sayHelloToPersonResponse">
<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices" use="encoded"/>
</wsdl:output>
</wsdl:operation>
</wsdl:binding>
<wsdl:service name="HelloServiceService">
<wsdl:port binding="impl:HelloServicesSoapBinding" name="HelloServices">
<wsdlsoap:address location="http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices"/>
</wsdl:port>
</wsdl:service>
</wsdl:definitions>
View Code

用Java调用WebService实例

     下面是用Java调用刚发布的WebService例子。

package com.sinosoft.webservice;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;

import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.rpc.ServiceException;

import org.apache.axis.client.Call;
import org.apache.axis.client.Service;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

public class TestHelloService {
     private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(TestHelloService.class);
        private static final String HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT = "http://localhost:8080/TestWeb/services/HelloServices?wsdl";

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            TestHelloService tester = new TestHelloService();
             //tester.callSayHello();
            tester.callSayHelloToPerson();
        }

        public void callSayHello() {
            try {
                Service service = new Service();
                Call call = (Call) service.createCall();
                call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));
                call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/","sayHello"));
                call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);
                try {
                    String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {});
                    System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret);
                    return;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ServiceException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            log.error("call sayHello service error!");
        }

        public void callSayHelloToPerson() {
            try {
                Service service = new Service();
                Call call = (Call) service.createCall();
                call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(HELLO_SERVICE_ENDPOINT));
                call.setOperationName(new QName("http://webservice.sinosoft.com/","sayHelloToPerson"));
                call.addParameter("name", org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING,javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode.IN);
                call.setReturnType(org.apache.axis.Constants.XSD_STRING);
                try {
                    String ret = (String) call.invoke(new Object[] {"zhangkj"});
                    System.out.println("The return value is:" + ret);
                    return;
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (ServiceException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            log.error("call sayHello service error!");
        }

}
View Code

 

web service初次使用小例,古老的榕树,5-wow.com

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