MVC 通过继承HandleErrorAttribute,使用log4net或ELMAH组件记录异常等
接口
public interface IExceptionFilter { void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext); }
ExceptionContext继承于ControllerContext,从中可以获得路由数据route data、HttpContext。
□ 的HandleErrorAttribute是对IExceptionFilter的实现，默认是启用的
public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFiltersCollection filters) { filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute()); }
使用默认的HandleErrorAttribute
□ 让Shared/Error.cshtml的出错页报错
前提是，在Web.config中配置：
<customErrors mode="On"></customErrors>
□ 根据不同错误类型显示不同的错误页
[HandleError(ExceptionType = typeof(DbException),View = "")] [HandleError(ExceptionType = typeof(ApplicationException), View = "")] public ActionResult SomeAction()
□ HandleErrorAttribute的不足之处
1、只是显示错误页，无法记录错误日志 2、只能捕获500错误 3、不能捕获Controller以外的错误
继承HandleErrorAttribute自定义异常处理
使用log4net记录错误日志，并能记录AJAX错误，返回状态码为500的服务端错误。
需要一个显示错误信息的类：
namespace MvcApplication1.Models { public class HandleErrorInfo { public HandleErrorInfo(Exception exception, string actionName, string controllerName) { this.Exception = exception; this.ControllerName = controllerName; this.ActionName = actionName; } public string ActionName { get; set; } public string ControllerName { get; set; } public Exception Exception { get; set; } } }
引用log4net组件，继承HandleErrorAttribute自定义异常，使之能记录状态码为500的服务端错误，并能以json形式返回ajax相关异常。
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using log4net;
namespace MvcApplication1.Extension
{
public class PowerfulHandleErrorAttribute : HandleErrorAttribute
{
private readonly ILog _logger;
public PowerfulHandleErrorAttribute()
{
_logger = LogManager.GetLogger("MyLogger");
}
public override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
{
if (filterContext.ExceptionHandled || !filterContext.HttpContext.IsCustomErrorEnabled)
{
return;
}
if (new HttpException(null, filterContext.Exception).GetHttpCode() != 500)
{
return;
}
if (!ExceptionType.IsInstanceOfType(filterContext.Exception))
{
return;
}
//如果是AJAX请求返回json
if (filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Headers["X-Requested-With"] == "XMLHttpRequest")
{
filterContext.Result = new JsonResult()
{
JsonRequestBehavior = JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet,
Data = new
{
error = true,
message = filterContext.Exception.Message
}
};
}
else
{
var controllerName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"];
var actionName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"];
var model = new HandleErrorInfo(filterContext.Exception, controllerName, actionName);
filterContext.Result = new ViewResult()
{
ViewName = View,
MasterName = Master,
ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary(model),
TempData = filterContext.Controller.TempData
};
}
_logger.Error(filterContext.Exception.Message, filterContext.Exception);
filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;
filterContext.HttpContext.Response.Clear();
filterContext.HttpContext.Response.StatusCode = 500;
filterContext.HttpContext.Response.TrySkipIisCustomErrors = true;
}
}
}
以上PowerfulHandleErrorAttribute错误，只能处理服务端状态码500错误。还可以在全局中设置：当出现HttpException异常的时候，返回对应的错误提醒视图。
//处理filter遗漏的错误
protected void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
var httpContext = ((MvcApplication) sender).Context;
var currentRouteData = RouteTable.Routes.GetRouteData(new HttpContextWrapper(httpContext));
var currentController = "";
var currentAction = "";
if (currentRouteData != null)
{
if (currentRouteData.Values["controller"] != null &&
!string.IsNullOrEmpty(currentRouteData.Values["controller"].ToString()))
{
currentController = currentRouteData.Values["controller"].ToString();
}
if (currentRouteData.Values["action"] != null &&
!string.IsNullOrEmpty(currentRouteData.Values["action"].ToString()))
{
currentAction = currentRouteData.Values["action"].ToString();
}
}
var ex = Server.GetLastError();
var controller = new ErrorController();
var routeData = new RouteData();
var action = "Index";
if (ex is HttpException)
{
var httpEx = ex as HttpException;
switch (httpEx.GetHttpCode())
{
case 404:
action = "NotFound";
break;
default:
action = "Index";
break;
}
}
httpContext.ClearError();
httpContext.Response.Clear();
httpContext.Response.StatusCode = ex is HttpException ? ((HttpException) ex).GetHttpCode() : 500;
httpContext.Response.TrySkipIisCustomErrors = true;
routeData.Values["controller"] = "Error";
routeData.Values["action"] = action;
controller.ViewData.Model = new HandleErrorInfo(ex, currentController, currentAction);
((IController)controller).Execute(new RequestContext(new HttpContextWrapper(httpContext), routeData));
}
为此，还需要定义一个ErrorController，当然还有与之对应的错误提示视图:
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace MvcApplication1.Controllers
{
public class ErrorController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public ActionResult NotFound()
{
return View();
}
}
}
使用ELMAH记录全局异常
using System.Web.Mvc;
using Elmah;
namespace MvcApplication1.Extension
{
public class ElmahHandleErrorAttribute : HandleErrorAttribute
{
public override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
{
base.OnException(filterContext);
if (filterContext.ExceptionHandled)
{
ErrorSignal.FromCurrentContext().Raise(filterContext.Exception);
}
}
}
}
Exception Handling in ASP.NET MVC
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