Web Service笔记(五):CXF开发RESTful风格的Web Service
前言:
1、Web Service笔记(五):利用CXF结合Spring开发web service
2、XML学习笔记(三):Jaxb负责xml与javaBean映射
3、jax-rs详解
4、可以使用浏览器的工具调试:如 Firefox 的RESTClient 和chrome的REST Console。
一、配置Spring的配置文件
1、需要引入新的 jar 包。
2、配置 applicationContext-server.xml 文件。使用 jaxrs:server ,记得引入jaxrs 的schema 约束。
1)address:为地址,如 http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/
2)serviceBeans:暴露的ws服务类。也可以使用“#beanId”,引入。
<!-- REST WebService 接口--> <jaxrs:server id="restfulServer" address="/rest"> <jaxrs:inInterceptors> </jaxrs:inInterceptors> <jaxrs:serviceBeans> <bean class="cn.rest.rest.SurpolicyEntrence"></bean> </jaxrs:serviceBeans> <jaxrs:extensionMappings> <entry key="json" value="application/json" /> <entry key="xml" value="application/xml" /> </jaxrs:extensionMappings> <jaxrs:languageMappings> <entry key="en" value="en-gb"/> </jaxrs:languageMappings> </jaxrs:server>
1、在 javax.ws.rs.* 中定义,都是一些注解,是 JAX-RS (JSR 311) 规范的一部分。
2、具体的注解如下:
1)@Path:定义资源基 URI。由上下文根和主机名组成,如:
http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy
2)@GET/@POST:这意味着以下方法可以响应 HTTP GET 或是 HTTP POST方法。
3)@Produces:响应内容 MIME 类型。如
@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) @Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
4)@Context: 使用该注释注入上下文对象,比如 Request、Response、UriInfo、ServletContext 等。
@Context HttpServletRequest servletRequest @Context HttpServletResponse servletResponse @Context private UriInfo uriInfo;
5)@PathParam("contact"):该注释将参数注入方法参数的路径。其他可用的注释有 @FormParam、@QueryParam 等。
3、一般来说,服务类与方法上应该分别标注注解 @Path,用于区分访问路径。
@Path(value = "/surpolicy") public class SurpolicyEntrence {} @Path("/sendXml") public String sendXml(String requestXML) {}
三、简单的 RESTful 服务
1、服务类代码:
/** * 简单服务方法 * @param input * 访问地址:http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendString/queryParams_aa * @return */ @GET @Path("/sendString/{input}") // @Produces("text/plain") @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) public String sendStringParam(@PathParam("input") String input) { System.out.println("接收的参数: \r\n" + input); String tReturn = "成功返回"; return tReturn; }
启动服务后,访问 http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server,有Available RESTful services的内容,说明发布成功。
2、分析:
1)前提:服务类的path定义为如下,故所有的方法的访问地址都为
http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/ + "方法自己的地址"。/rest 为在配置文件中配置的address地址
@Path(value = "/surpolicy") public class SurpolicyEntrence {}
2)@Path("/sendString/{input}") :用浏览器的rest 工具访问的时候,必须把参数放在url地址后面。如:
http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendString/queryParams_aa
3)访问的结果如下:
后台显示:表示成功。返回的信息可以在 RestClient 中查看。
接收的参数: queryParams_aa
3、客户端代码:本文中的客户端统一使用 org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient 实现。
其他实现方式见:
HTTP访问的两种方式(HttpClient和HttpURLConnection)
利用HttpURLConnection和WebClient发布REST风格的WebService客户端(解决超时问题)
1)WebClient 可以使用spring注入,也可以手工创建:
// 手动创建webClient对象,注意这里的地址是发布的那个/rest地址 // String url = "http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/"; // client = WebClient.create(url); // 从Spring Ioc容器中拿webClient对象,或者直接用注入 ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-client.xml"); client = ctx.getBean("webClient", WebClient.class);
<bean id="webClient" class="org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient" factory-method="create"> <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/" /> </bean>
2)先初始化 webClient对象
public void init() { // 手动创建webClient对象,注意这里的地址是发布的那个/rest地址 // String url = "http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/"; // client = WebClient.create(url); // 从Spring Ioc容器中拿webClient对象,或者直接用注入 ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-client.xml"); client = ctx.getBean("webClient", WebClient.class); }
3)简单服务的访问方法:
/** * 测试服务端的简单方法 */ public void sendString(){ String tResponseMsg = client.path("surpolicy/ping/{input}","我来ping一下。。").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).get(String.class); System.out.println(tResponseMsg); }
4)显示:
服务端: 接收的参数: 我来ping一下。。 客户端: 成功返回
四、以XML为交互内容的 RESTful 服务
(一)需要使用 jaxb 来映射Xml与javaBean。
1、接收的javaBean 代码。
package cn.rest.bean; import java.util.List; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElementWrapper; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; /** * * UserBean.java * * @title User的传输数据类 * @description * @author SAM-SHO * @Date 2014-11-25 */ @XmlRootElement(name = "USER") public class UserBean { private String name; private String age; private UserAddress userAddress;//地址 private List<UserPhone> phoneList ;//手机 @XmlElement(name="NAME") public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @XmlElement(name = "AGE") public String getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(String age) { this.age = age; } @XmlElement(name = "UserAddress") public UserAddress getUserAddress() { return userAddress; } public void setUserAddress(UserAddress userAddress) { this.userAddress = userAddress; } @XmlElementWrapper(name = "PhoneList") @XmlElement(name = "UserPhone") public List<UserPhone> getPhoneList() { return phoneList; } public void setPhoneList(List<UserPhone> phoneList) { this.phoneList = phoneList; } }
package cn.rest.bean; public class UserPhone { private String type;//电话号码类型 private String num;//电话号码 public String getType() { return type; } public void setType(String type) { this.type = type; } public String getNum() { return num; } public void setNum(String num) { this.num = num; } }
package cn.rest.bean; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; public class UserAddress { private String homeAddress;//家庭地址 private String workAddress;//公司地址 @XmlElement(name = "HomeAddress") public String getHomeAddress() { return homeAddress; } public void setHomeAddress(String homeAddress) { this.homeAddress = homeAddress; } @XmlElement(name = "WorkAddress") public String getWorkAddress() { return workAddress; } public void setWorkAddress(String workAddress) { this.workAddress = workAddress; } }
2、返回的javaBean 代码。
package cn.rest.bean.response; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement; import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement; /** * 返回商城退保结果对象 * @author SAM * */ @XmlRootElement(name = "RETURN") public class ReturnDTO { protected String code; protected String msg; @XmlElement(name="Code") public String getCode() { return code; } public void setCode(String code) { this.code = code; } @XmlElement(name="MSG") public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } }
3、转换工具类。
package cn.rest.util; import java.io.StringReader; import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext; import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException; import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller; import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller; import org.xml.sax.InputSource; import cn.rest.bean.UserBean; /** * * ObjectAndXmlHandle.java * * @title jaxb处理xml解析 * @description * @author SAM-SHO * @Date 2014-11-25 */ public class ObjectAndXmlHandle { public static UserBean parseXml2OUserBean(String xml) { try { JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(UserBean.class); InputSource is = new InputSource(); StringReader xmlStr = new StringReader(xml); is.setCharacterStream(xmlStr); Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller(); UserBean user = (UserBean) unmarshaller.unmarshal(is); return user; } catch (JAXBException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } public static void Object2Xml(Object object) { // FileWriter writer = null; try { JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(object.getClass()); Marshaller marshal = context.createMarshaller(); marshal.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true); marshal.setProperty("jaxb.encoding", "utf-8"); marshal.marshal(object, System.out); // writer = new FileWriter("shop.xml"); // marshal.marshal(object, writer); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
(二)、服务端方法代码
1、把 xml 以 String 的方法传输。
/** * 接受XML ,推荐使用。 * 地址:http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendXml * 设置 Content-Type: APPLICATION/XML(可以不设) * body 中设置 xml内容 */ @POST @Path("/sendXml") @Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON }) public String sendXml(String requestXML) { System.out.println("接收的参数:\r\n " + requestXML); UserBean tUserBean = ObjectAndXmlHandle.parseXml2OUserBean(requestXML); String tReturn = tUserBean.getName()+ " 你好,你的请求成功返回"; return tReturn; }
2、RESTClient 工具访问,xml放在 Body 中,可以不设置 Content-Type
3、客户端访问代码:
/** * 发送XML报文 */ private void sendRequestXml() { String tRequestXml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?><USER><AGE>27</AGE><NAME>SAM-SHO</NAME><PhoneList><UserPhone><num>13612345678</num><type>移动</type></UserPhone><UserPhone><num>13798765432</num><type>联通</type></UserPhone></PhoneList><UserAddress><homeAddress>苏州高新区</homeAddress><workAddress>苏州园区</workAddress></UserAddress></USER>"; String tResponseMsg = client.path("surpolicy/sendXml").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).post(tRequestXml, String.class); System.out.println("返回的信息: \r\n" + tResponseMsg); }
1、服务端方法代码
/** *接收Bean * * @param user * http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendBean * 需要设置 Content-Type: application/xml * body 中设置 xml内容 * @return */ @POST @Path("/sendBean") @Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON }) public ReturnDTO sendBean(UserBean user) { //转成报文 ObjectAndXmlHandle.Object2Xml(user); System.out.println(user.getUserAddress().getHomeAddress()); ReturnDTO tReturnDTO = new ReturnDTO(); tReturnDTO.setCode("1"); tReturnDTO.setMsg(user.getName()+ " ,请求成功,已返回"); return tReturnDTO; }
2、RESTClient访问
1)一定要设置 headers信息,设置 Content-Type: application/xml ,不然访问不了。
2)需要设置 Content-Type。
3)正确访问:
5)成功返回:
3、客户端访问:
/** * 发送Bean */ private void sendRequestBean() { UserBean tUserBean = new UserBean(); tUserBean.setName("SAM-SHO"); tUserBean.setAge("27"); UserAddress tUserAddress = new UserAddress(); tUserAddress.setWorkAddress("苏州园区"); tUserAddress.setHomeAddress("苏州高新区"); tUserBean.setUserAddress(tUserAddress); List<UserPhone> phoneList = new ArrayList<UserPhone>(); UserPhone tUserPhone = new UserPhone(); tUserPhone.setType("移动"); tUserPhone.setNum("13612345678"); phoneList.add(tUserPhone); tUserPhone = new UserPhone(); tUserPhone.setType("联通"); tUserPhone.setNum("13798765432"); phoneList.add(tUserPhone); tUserBean.setPhoneList(phoneList); ClientConfiguration config = WebClient.getConfig(client); config.getHttpConduit().getClient().setReceiveTimeout(90000);//设置超时 ReturnDTO tReturnDTO = client.path("surpolicy/sendBean").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).acceptEncoding("utf-8").post(tUserBean,ReturnDTO.class ); System.out.println("返回的数据:" + tReturnDTO.getMsg()); }
六、服务端与客户端完整代码如下:
1、服务端
package cn.rest.rest; import javax.ws.rs.GET; import javax.ws.rs.POST; import javax.ws.rs.Path; import javax.ws.rs.PathParam; import javax.ws.rs.Produces; import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import cn.rest.bean.UserBean; import cn.rest.bean.response.ReturnDTO; import cn.rest.util.ObjectAndXmlHandle; /** * * SurpolicyEntrence.java * * @title CXF RESTful风格WebService * @description * @author SAM-SHO * @Date 2014-11-24 */ @Path(value = "/surpolicy") public class SurpolicyEntrence { /** * 简单服务方法 * @param input * 访问地址:http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendString/queryParams_aa * @return */ @GET @Path("/sendString/{input}") // @Produces("text/plain") @Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN) public String sendStringParam(@PathParam("input") String input) { System.out.println("接收的参数: \r\n" + input); String tReturn = "成功返回"; return tReturn; } /** * 接受XML ,推荐使用。 * 地址:http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendXml * 设置 Content-Type: APPLICATION/XML(可以不设) * body 中设置 xml内容 */ @POST @Path("/sendXml") @Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON }) public String sendXml(String requestXML) { System.out.println("接收的参数:\r\n " + requestXML); UserBean tUserBean = ObjectAndXmlHandle.parseXml2OUserBean(requestXML); String tReturn = tUserBean.getName()+ " 你好,你的请求成功返回"; return tReturn; } /** *接收Bean * * @param user * http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendBean * 需要设置 Content-Type: application/xml * body 中设置 xml内容 * @return */ @POST @Path("/sendBean") @Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON }) public ReturnDTO sendBean(UserBean user) { //转成报文 ObjectAndXmlHandle.Object2Xml(user); System.out.println(user.getUserAddress().getHomeAddress()); ReturnDTO tReturnDTO = new ReturnDTO(); tReturnDTO.setCode("1"); tReturnDTO.setMsg(user.getName()+ " ,请求成功,已返回"); return tReturnDTO; } }
2、客户端
package cn.rest.client; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType; import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.ClientConfiguration; import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import cn.rest.bean.UserAddress; import cn.rest.bean.UserBean; import cn.rest.bean.UserPhone; import cn.rest.bean.response.ReturnDTO; public class RestClient { private static WebClient client; /** * @param args */ public static void main(String[] args) { RestClient tRestClient = new RestClient(); tRestClient.init(); //1-简单测试 // tRestClient.sendString(); // 2-发送XML报文 // tRestClient.sendRequestXml(); // 2-发送Bean tRestClient.sendRequestBean(); } public void init() { // 手动创建webClient对象,注意这里的地址是发布的那个/rest地址 // String url = "http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/"; // client = WebClient.create(url); // 从Spring Ioc容器中拿webClient对象,或者直接用注入 ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-client.xml"); client = ctx.getBean("webClient", WebClient.class); } /** * 测试服务端的简单方法 */ public void sendString(){ String tResponseMsg = client.path("surpolicy/sendString/{input}","我来ping一下。。").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).get(String.class); System.out.println(tResponseMsg); } /** * 发送XML报文 */ private void sendRequestXml() { String tRequestXml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?><USER><AGE>27</AGE><NAME>SAM-SHO</NAME><PhoneList><UserPhone><num>13612345678</num><type>移动</type></UserPhone><UserPhone><num>13798765432</num><type>联通</type></UserPhone></PhoneList><UserAddress><homeAddress>苏州高新区</homeAddress><workAddress>苏州园区</workAddress></UserAddress></USER>"; String tResponseMsg = client.path("surpolicy/sendXml").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).post(tRequestXml, String.class); System.out.println("返回的信息: \r\n" + tResponseMsg); } /** * 发送Bean */ private void sendRequestBean() { UserBean tUserBean = new UserBean(); tUserBean.setName("SAM-SHO"); tUserBean.setAge("27"); UserAddress tUserAddress = new UserAddress(); tUserAddress.setWorkAddress("苏州园区"); tUserAddress.setHomeAddress("苏州高新区"); tUserBean.setUserAddress(tUserAddress); List<UserPhone> phoneList = new ArrayList<UserPhone>(); UserPhone tUserPhone = new UserPhone(); tUserPhone.setType("移动"); tUserPhone.setNum("13612345678"); phoneList.add(tUserPhone); tUserPhone = new UserPhone(); tUserPhone.setType("联通"); tUserPhone.setNum("13798765432"); phoneList.add(tUserPhone); tUserBean.setPhoneList(phoneList); ClientConfiguration config = WebClient.getConfig(client); config.getHttpConduit().getClient().setReceiveTimeout(90000);//设置超时 ReturnDTO tReturnDTO = client.path("surpolicy/sendBean").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).acceptEncoding("utf-8").post(tUserBean,ReturnDTO.class ); System.out.println("返回的数据:" + tReturnDTO.getMsg()); } }
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