Web Service笔记(五):CXF开发RESTful风格的Web Service

前言:

1、Web Service笔记(五):利用CXF结合Spring开发web service

2、XML学习笔记(三):Jaxb负责xml与javaBean映射 

3、jax-rs详解

4、可以使用浏览器的工具调试:如 Firefox 的RESTClient 和chrome的REST Console。


一、配置Spring的配置文件


1、需要引入新的 jar 包。


2、配置 applicationContext-server.xml 文件。使用 jaxrs:server ,记得引入jaxrs 的schema 约束。

1)address:为地址,如 http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/

2)serviceBeans:暴露的ws服务类。也可以使用“#beanId”,引入。

	<!-- REST WebService 接口-->
  	<jaxrs:server id="restfulServer" address="/rest">
  		<jaxrs:inInterceptors>
  		</jaxrs:inInterceptors>
	    <jaxrs:serviceBeans>
	        <bean class="cn.rest.rest.SurpolicyEntrence"></bean>	
	    </jaxrs:serviceBeans>
	    <jaxrs:extensionMappings>
	        <entry key="json" value="application/json" />
	        <entry key="xml" value="application/xml" />
	    </jaxrs:extensionMappings>
	    <jaxrs:languageMappings>
	           <entry key="en" value="en-gb"/>  
	    </jaxrs:languageMappings>
	</jaxrs:server>



二、Restful 服务类需要实现jax_rs规范。就像ws的服务类需要实现jax_ws规范一样。

1、在 javax.ws.rs.* 中定义,都是一些注解,是 JAX-RS (JSR 311) 规范的一部分。 

2、具体的注解如下:

1)@Path:定义资源基 URI。由上下文根和主机名组成,如:

http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy

2)@GET/@POST:这意味着以下方法可以响应 HTTP GET 或是 HTTP POST方法。 

3)@Produces:响应内容 MIME 类型。如

@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
@Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })

4)@Context: 使用该注释注入上下文对象,比如 Request、Response、UriInfo、ServletContext 等。

@Context HttpServletRequest servletRequest
@Context HttpServletResponse servletResponse
 @Context
    private UriInfo uriInfo;

5)@PathParam("contact"):该注释将参数注入方法参数的路径。其他可用的注释有 @FormParam、@QueryParam 等。 


3、一般来说,服务类与方法上应该分别标注注解 @Path,用于区分访问路径。

@Path(value = "/surpolicy")
public class SurpolicyEntrence {}
@Path("/sendXml")
public String sendXml(String requestXML) {}


三、简单的 RESTful 服务


1、服务类代码:

	/**
	 * 简单服务方法
	 * @param input
	 * 访问地址:http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendString/queryParams_aa
	 * @return
	 */
	@GET
	@Path("/sendString/{input}")
	// @Produces("text/plain")
	@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
	public String sendStringParam(@PathParam("input") String input) {
		System.out.println("接收的参数: \r\n" + input);
		String tReturn = "成功返回";
		return tReturn;

	}

启动服务后,访问 http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server,有Available RESTful services的内容,说明发布成功。



2、分析:

1)前提:服务类的path定义为如下,故所有的方法的访问地址都为

 http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/ + "方法自己的地址"。/rest 为在配置文件中配置的address地址

@Path(value = "/surpolicy")
public class SurpolicyEntrence {}



2)@Path("/sendString/{input}") :用浏览器的rest 工具访问的时候,必须把参数放在url地址后面。如:

http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendString/queryParams_aa

3)访问的结果如下:



后台显示:示成功。返回的信息可以在 RestClient 中查看。

接收的参数: 
queryParams_aa


3、客户端代码:本文中的客户端统一使用 org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient 实现。

其他实现方式见:

HTTP访问的两种方式(HttpClient和HttpURLConnection)

利用HttpURLConnection和WebClient发布REST风格的WebService客户端(解决超时问题)

1)WebClient 可以使用spring注入,也可以手工创建:

		// 手动创建webClient对象,注意这里的地址是发布的那个/rest地址
		// String url = "http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/";
		// client = WebClient.create(url);

		// 从Spring Ioc容器中拿webClient对象,或者直接用注入
		ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-client.xml");
		client = ctx.getBean("webClient", WebClient.class);


使用spring,需要配置 applicationContext-client.xml 代码:
	<bean id="webClient" class="org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient" factory-method="create">
        <constructor-arg type="java.lang.String" value="http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/" />
    </bean>
 

2)先初始化 webClient对象
	public void init() {
		// 手动创建webClient对象,注意这里的地址是发布的那个/rest地址
		// String url = "http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/";
		// client = WebClient.create(url);

		// 从Spring Ioc容器中拿webClient对象,或者直接用注入
		ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-client.xml");
		client = ctx.getBean("webClient", WebClient.class);

	}

3)简单服务的访问方法:

	/**
	 * 测试服务端的简单方法
	 */
	public void sendString(){
		String tResponseMsg = client.path("surpolicy/ping/{input}","我来ping一下。。").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).get(String.class);
		System.out.println(tResponseMsg);
	}

4)显示:

服务端:
接收的参数: 
我来ping一下。。

客户端:
成功返回


四、以XML为交互内容的 RESTful 服务


(一)需要使用 jaxb 来映射Xml与javaBean。

1、接收的javaBean 代码。

package cn.rest.bean;

import java.util.List;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElementWrapper;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;

/**
 * 
 * UserBean.java
 *
 * @title User的传输数据类
 * @description
 * @author SAM-SHO 
 * @Date 2014-11-25
 */

@XmlRootElement(name = "USER")
public class UserBean {
	private String name;
	private String age;
	private UserAddress userAddress;//地址
	private List<UserPhone> phoneList ;//手机

	@XmlElement(name="NAME")
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	@XmlElement(name = "AGE")
	public String getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(String age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	@XmlElement(name = "UserAddress")
	public UserAddress getUserAddress() {
		return userAddress;
	}

	public void setUserAddress(UserAddress userAddress) {
		this.userAddress = userAddress;
	}

	@XmlElementWrapper(name = "PhoneList")
	@XmlElement(name = "UserPhone")
	public List<UserPhone> getPhoneList() {
		return phoneList;
	}

	public void setPhoneList(List<UserPhone> phoneList) {
		this.phoneList = phoneList;
	}
	
}
package cn.rest.bean;

public class UserPhone {
	
	private String type;//电话号码类型
	private String num;//电话号码
	
	public String getType() {
		return type;
	}
	public void setType(String type) {
		this.type = type;
	}
	public String getNum() {
		return num;
	}
	public void setNum(String num) {
		this.num = num;
	}
	
}

package cn.rest.bean;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;

public class UserAddress {
	
	private String homeAddress;//家庭地址
	private String workAddress;//公司地址
	
	@XmlElement(name = "HomeAddress")
	public String getHomeAddress() {
		return homeAddress;
	}
	public void setHomeAddress(String homeAddress) {
		this.homeAddress = homeAddress;
	}

	@XmlElement(name = "WorkAddress")
	public String getWorkAddress() {
		return workAddress;
	}
	public void setWorkAddress(String workAddress) {
		this.workAddress = workAddress;
	}

}


2、返回的javaBean 代码。

package cn.rest.bean.response;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
/**
 * 返回商城退保结果对象
 * @author SAM
 *
 */
@XmlRootElement(name = "RETURN")
public class ReturnDTO  {
	
	protected String code;
	protected String msg;
	
	@XmlElement(name="Code")
	public String getCode() {
		return code;
	}
	public void setCode(String code) {
		this.code = code;
	}
	@XmlElement(name="MSG")
	public String getMsg() {
		return msg;
	}
	public void setMsg(String msg) {
		this.msg = msg;
	}

}

3、转换工具类。

package cn.rest.util;
import java.io.StringReader;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;
import javax.xml.bind.JAXBException;
import javax.xml.bind.Marshaller;
import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import cn.rest.bean.UserBean;

/**
 * 
 * ObjectAndXmlHandle.java
 *
 * @title jaxb处理xml解析
 * @description
 * @author SAM-SHO 
 * @Date 2014-11-25
 */
public class ObjectAndXmlHandle {
	
	public static UserBean parseXml2OUserBean(String xml) {
		try {
			JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(UserBean.class);
			InputSource is = new InputSource();
			StringReader xmlStr = new StringReader(xml);
			is.setCharacterStream(xmlStr);
			Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller();
			UserBean user = (UserBean) unmarshaller.unmarshal(is);
			return user;
		} catch (JAXBException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return null;
		}
	}
	
	public static void Object2Xml(Object object) {
//		FileWriter writer = null;  		
	    try {  
	    	JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(object.getClass());
	        Marshaller marshal = context.createMarshaller();  
	        marshal.setProperty(Marshaller.JAXB_FORMATTED_OUTPUT, true);  
	        marshal.setProperty("jaxb.encoding", "utf-8");
	        marshal.marshal(object, System.out);  
	          
//	        writer = new FileWriter("shop.xml");  
//	        marshal.marshal(object, writer);  
	    } catch (Exception e) {  
	        e.printStackTrace();  
	    } 	
	}
}

(二)、服务端方法代码

1、把 xml 以 String 的方法传输。

	/**
	 * 接受XML ,推荐使用。
	 * 地址:http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendXml 
	 * 设置 Content-Type: APPLICATION/XML(可以不设) 
	 * body 中设置 xml内容
	 */
	@POST
	@Path("/sendXml")
	@Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
	public String sendXml(String requestXML) {
		System.out.println("接收的参数:\r\n " + requestXML);
		
		UserBean tUserBean = ObjectAndXmlHandle.parseXml2OUserBean(requestXML);
		
		String tReturn = tUserBean.getName()+ " 你好,你的请求成功返回";
		return tReturn;
	}

2、RESTClient 工具访问,xml放在 Body 中,可以不设置 Content-Type



3、客户端访问代码:

	/**
	 * 发送XML报文
	 */
	private void sendRequestXml() {
		String tRequestXml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?><USER><AGE>27</AGE><NAME>SAM-SHO</NAME><PhoneList><UserPhone><num>13612345678</num><type>移动</type></UserPhone><UserPhone><num>13798765432</num><type>联通</type></UserPhone></PhoneList><UserAddress><homeAddress>苏州高新区</homeAddress><workAddress>苏州园区</workAddress></UserAddress></USER>";
		String tResponseMsg = client.path("surpolicy/sendXml").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).post(tRequestXml, String.class);
		System.out.println("返回的信息: \r\n" + tResponseMsg);
	}



五、以JavaBean为交互内容的 RESTful 服务

1、服务端方法代码

	/**
	 *接收Bean
	 * 
	 * @param user
	 * http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendBean
	 * 需要设置 Content-Type: application/xml
	 * body 中设置 xml内容
	 * @return
	 */
	@POST
	@Path("/sendBean")
	@Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
	public ReturnDTO sendBean(UserBean user) {

		//转成报文
		ObjectAndXmlHandle.Object2Xml(user);
		System.out.println(user.getUserAddress().getHomeAddress());
		
		ReturnDTO tReturnDTO = new ReturnDTO();
		tReturnDTO.setCode("1");
		tReturnDTO.setMsg(user.getName()+ " ,请求成功,已返回");
		
		return tReturnDTO;
	}


2、RESTClient访问

1)一定要设置 headers信息,设置 Content-Type: application/xml ,不然访问不了。



2)需要设置 Content-Type。


3)正确访问:



5)成功返回:



3、客户端访问:

	/**
	 * 发送Bean
	 */
	private void sendRequestBean() {
		UserBean tUserBean = new UserBean();
		tUserBean.setName("SAM-SHO");
		tUserBean.setAge("27");
		
		UserAddress tUserAddress = new UserAddress();
		tUserAddress.setWorkAddress("苏州园区");
		tUserAddress.setHomeAddress("苏州高新区");
		tUserBean.setUserAddress(tUserAddress);
		
		List<UserPhone> phoneList = new ArrayList<UserPhone>();
		UserPhone tUserPhone =  new UserPhone();
		tUserPhone.setType("移动");
		tUserPhone.setNum("13612345678");
		phoneList.add(tUserPhone);
		
		tUserPhone =  new UserPhone();
		tUserPhone.setType("联通");
		tUserPhone.setNum("13798765432");
		phoneList.add(tUserPhone);
		tUserBean.setPhoneList(phoneList);
		
		ClientConfiguration config = WebClient.getConfig(client);
		config.getHttpConduit().getClient().setReceiveTimeout(90000);//设置超时
		ReturnDTO tReturnDTO = client.path("surpolicy/sendBean").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).acceptEncoding("utf-8").post(tUserBean,ReturnDTO.class );

		System.out.println("返回的数据:" + tReturnDTO.getMsg());
	
	}


六、服务端与客户端完整代码如下:

1、服务端

package cn.rest.rest;

import javax.ws.rs.GET;
import javax.ws.rs.POST;
import javax.ws.rs.Path;
import javax.ws.rs.PathParam;
import javax.ws.rs.Produces;
import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

import cn.rest.bean.UserBean;
import cn.rest.bean.response.ReturnDTO;
import cn.rest.util.ObjectAndXmlHandle;

/**
 * 
 * SurpolicyEntrence.java
 * 
 * @title CXF RESTful风格WebService
 * @description
 * @author SAM-SHO
 * @Date 2014-11-24
 */
@Path(value = "/surpolicy")
public class SurpolicyEntrence {

	/**
	 * 简单服务方法
	 * @param input
	 * 访问地址:http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendString/queryParams_aa
	 * @return
	 */
	@GET
	@Path("/sendString/{input}")
	// @Produces("text/plain")
	@Produces(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN)
	public String sendStringParam(@PathParam("input") String input) {
		System.out.println("接收的参数: \r\n" + input);
		String tReturn = "成功返回";
		return tReturn;

	}

	/**
	 * 接受XML ,推荐使用。
	 * 地址:http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendXml 
	 * 设置 Content-Type: APPLICATION/XML(可以不设) 
	 * body 中设置 xml内容
	 */
	@POST
	@Path("/sendXml")
	@Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
	public String sendXml(String requestXML) {
		System.out.println("接收的参数:\r\n " + requestXML);
		
		UserBean tUserBean = ObjectAndXmlHandle.parseXml2OUserBean(requestXML);
		
		String tReturn = tUserBean.getName()+ " 你好,你的请求成功返回";
		return tReturn;
	}

	/**
	 *接收Bean
	 * 
	 * @param user
	 * http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/surpolicy/sendBean
	 * 需要设置 Content-Type: application/xml
	 * body 中设置 xml内容
	 * @return
	 */
	@POST
	@Path("/sendBean")
	@Produces( { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON })
	public ReturnDTO sendBean(UserBean user) {

		//转成报文
		ObjectAndXmlHandle.Object2Xml(user);
		System.out.println(user.getUserAddress().getHomeAddress());
		
		ReturnDTO tReturnDTO = new ReturnDTO();
		tReturnDTO.setCode("1");
		tReturnDTO.setMsg(user.getName()+ " ,请求成功,已返回");
		
		return tReturnDTO;
	}
}

2、客户端

package cn.rest.client;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.ClientConfiguration;
import org.apache.cxf.jaxrs.client.WebClient;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import cn.rest.bean.UserAddress;
import cn.rest.bean.UserBean;
import cn.rest.bean.UserPhone;
import cn.rest.bean.response.ReturnDTO;

public class RestClient {

	private static WebClient client;


	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		RestClient tRestClient = new RestClient();
		tRestClient.init();
		
		//1-简单测试
//		tRestClient.sendString();
		
		// 2-发送XML报文
//		tRestClient.sendRequestXml();

		// 2-发送Bean
		tRestClient.sendRequestBean();
	}
	


	public void init() {
		// 手动创建webClient对象,注意这里的地址是发布的那个/rest地址
		// String url = "http://localhost:8080/Java_WS_Server/rest/";
		// client = WebClient.create(url);

		// 从Spring Ioc容器中拿webClient对象,或者直接用注入
		ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext-client.xml");
		client = ctx.getBean("webClient", WebClient.class);

	}
	
	/**
	 * 测试服务端的简单方法
	 */
	public void sendString(){
		String tResponseMsg = client.path("surpolicy/sendString/{input}","我来ping一下。。").accept(MediaType.TEXT_PLAIN).get(String.class);
		System.out.println(tResponseMsg);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 发送XML报文
	 */
	private void sendRequestXml() {
		String tRequestXml = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\" standalone=\"yes\"?><USER><AGE>27</AGE><NAME>SAM-SHO</NAME><PhoneList><UserPhone><num>13612345678</num><type>移动</type></UserPhone><UserPhone><num>13798765432</num><type>联通</type></UserPhone></PhoneList><UserAddress><homeAddress>苏州高新区</homeAddress><workAddress>苏州园区</workAddress></UserAddress></USER>";
		String tResponseMsg = client.path("surpolicy/sendXml").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).post(tRequestXml, String.class);
		System.out.println("返回的信息: \r\n" + tResponseMsg);
	}
	
	
	/**
	 * 发送Bean
	 */
	private void sendRequestBean() {
		UserBean tUserBean = new UserBean();
		tUserBean.setName("SAM-SHO");
		tUserBean.setAge("27");
		
		UserAddress tUserAddress = new UserAddress();
		tUserAddress.setWorkAddress("苏州园区");
		tUserAddress.setHomeAddress("苏州高新区");
		tUserBean.setUserAddress(tUserAddress);
		
		List<UserPhone> phoneList = new ArrayList<UserPhone>();
		UserPhone tUserPhone =  new UserPhone();
		tUserPhone.setType("移动");
		tUserPhone.setNum("13612345678");
		phoneList.add(tUserPhone);
		
		tUserPhone =  new UserPhone();
		tUserPhone.setType("联通");
		tUserPhone.setNum("13798765432");
		phoneList.add(tUserPhone);
		tUserBean.setPhoneList(phoneList);
		
		ClientConfiguration config = WebClient.getConfig(client);
		config.getHttpConduit().getClient().setReceiveTimeout(90000);//设置超时
		ReturnDTO tReturnDTO = client.path("surpolicy/sendBean").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML).acceptEncoding("utf-8").post(tUserBean,ReturnDTO.class );

		System.out.println("返回的数据:" + tReturnDTO.getMsg());
	
	}




}




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