React.js 官方文档翻译2

浏览数：66 / 时间：2015年06月09日

Component Properties

Now that we have defined the Comment component, we will want to pass it the author name and comment text. This allows us to reuse the same code for each unique comment. Now let‘s add some comments within our CommentList:

组件属性

var CommentList = React.createClass({
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="commentList">
        <Comment author="Pete Hunt">This is one comment</Comment>
        <Comment author="Jordan Walke">This is *another* comment</Comment>
      </div>
    );
  }
});

Note that we have passed some data from the parent CommentList component to the childComment components. For example, we passed Pete Hunt (via an attribute) and This is one comment (via an XML-like child node) to the first Comment. As noted above, the Commentcomponent will access these ‘properties‘ through this.props.author, andthis.props.children.

Adding Markdown

Markdown is a simple way to format your text inline. For example, surrounding text with asterisks will make it emphasized.

First, add the third-party Showdown library to your application. This is a JavaScript library which takes Markdown text and converts it to raw HTML. This requires a script tag in your head (which we have already included in the React playground):

添加markdown

<head>
  <title>Hello React</title>
  <script src="https://fb.me/react-0.13.1.js"></script>
  <script src="https://fb.me/JSXTransformer-0.13.1.js"></script>
  <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.0.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/showdown/0.3.1/showdown.min.js"></script>
</head>

Next, let‘s convert the comment text to Markdown and output it:

var converter = new Showdown.converter();
var Comment = React.createClass({
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="comment">
        <h2 className="commentAuthor">
          {this.props.author}
        </h2>
        {converter.makeHtml(this.props.children.toString())}
      </div>
    );
  }
});

All we‘re doing here is calling the Showdown library. We need to convertthis.props.children from React‘s wrapped text to a raw string that Showdown will understand so we explicitly call toString().

But there‘s a problem! Our rendered comments look like this in the browser: "<p>This is<em>another</em> comment</p>". We want those tags to actually render as HTML.

That‘s React protecting you from an XSS attack. There‘s a way to get around it but the framework warns you not to use it:

Hook up the data model

So far we‘ve been inserting the comments directly in the source code. Instead, let‘s render a blob of JSON data into the comment list. Eventually this will come from the server, but for now, write it in your source:

接入data model

var data = [
  {author: "Pete Hunt", text: "This is one comment"},
  {author: "Jordan Walke", text: "This is *another* comment"}
];

We need to get this data into CommentList in a modular way. Modify CommentBox and theReact.render() call to pass this data into the CommentList via props:

var CommentBox = React.createClass({
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="commentBox">
        <h1>Comments</h1>
        <CommentList data={this.props.data} />
        <CommentForm />
      </div>
    );
  }
});

React.render(
  <CommentBox data={data} />,
  document.getElementById(‘content‘)
);

Now that the data is available in the CommentList, let‘s render the comments dynamically:

var CommentList = React.createClass({
  render: function() {
    var commentNodes = this.props.data.map(function (comment) {
      return (
        <Comment author={comment.author}>
          {comment.text}
        </Comment>
      );
    });
    return (
      <div className="commentList">
        {commentNodes}
      </div>
    );
  }
});

Fetching from the server

Let‘s replace the hard-coded data with some dynamic data from the server. We will remove the data prop and replace it with a URL to fetch:

React.render(
  <CommentBox url="comments.json" />,
  document.getElementById(‘content‘)
);

This component is different from the prior components because it will have to re-render itself. The component won‘t have any data until the request from the server comes back, at which point the component may need to render some new comments.

Reactive state

So far, each component has rendered itself once based on its props. props are immutable: they are passed from the parent and are "owned" by the parent. To implement interactions, we introduce mutable state to the component. this.state is private to the component and can be changed by calling this.setState(). When the state is updated, the component re-renders itself.

render() methods are written declaratively as functions of this.props and this.state. The framework guarantees the UI is always consistent with the inputs.

When the server fetches data, we will be changing the comment data we have. Let‘s add an array of comment data to the CommentBox component as its state:

var CommentBox = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {data: []};
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="commentBox">
        <h1>Comments</h1>
        <CommentList data={this.state.data} />
        <CommentForm />
      </div>
    );
  }
});

getInitialState() executes exactly once during the lifecycle of the component and sets up the initial state of the component.

Updating state

When the component is first created, we want to GET some JSON from the server and update the state to reflect the latest data. In a real application this would be a dynamic endpoint, but for this example, we will use a static JSON file to keep things simple:

[
  {"author": "Pete Hunt", "text": "This is one comment"},
  {"author": "Jordan Walke", "text": "This is *another* comment"}
]

We‘ll use jQuery to help make an asynchronous request to the server.

Note: because this is becoming an AJAX application you‘ll need to develop your app using a web server rather than as a file sitting on your file system. As mentioned above, we have provided several servers you can use on GitHub. They provide the functionality you need for the rest of this tutorial.

var CommentBox = React.createClass({
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {data: []};
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    $.ajax({
      url: this.props.url,
      dataType: ‘json‘,
      success: function(data) {
        this.setState({data: data});
      }.bind(this),
      error: function(xhr, status, err) {
        console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
      }.bind(this)
    });
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="commentBox">
        <h1>Comments</h1>
        <CommentList data={this.state.data} />
        <CommentForm />
      </div>
    );
  }
});

Here, componentDidMount is a method called automatically by React when a component is rendered. The key to dynamic updates is the call to this.setState(). We replace the old array of comments with the new one from the server and the UI automatically updates itself. Because of this reactivity, it is only a minor change to add live updates. We will use simple polling here but you could easily use WebSockets or other technologies.

var CommentBox = React.createClass({
  loadCommentsFromServer: function() {
    $.ajax({
      url: this.props.url,
      dataType: ‘json‘,
      success: function(data) {
        this.setState({data: data});
      }.bind(this),
      error: function(xhr, status, err) {
        console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
      }.bind(this)
    });
  },
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {data: []};
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    this.loadCommentsFromServer();
    setInterval(this.loadCommentsFromServer, this.props.pollInterval);
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="commentBox">
        <h1>Comments</h1>
        <CommentList data={this.state.data} />
        <CommentForm />
      </div>
    );
  }
});

React.render(
  <CommentBox url="comments.json" pollInterval={2000} />,
  document.getElementById(‘content‘)
);

Adding new comments

Now it‘s time to build the form. Our CommentForm component should ask the user for their name and comment text and send a request to the server to save the comment.

var CommentForm = React.createClass({
  render: function() {
    return (
      <form className="commentForm">
        <input type="text" placeholder="Your name" />
        <input type="text" placeholder="Say something..." />
        <input type="submit" value="Post" />
      </form>
    );
  }
});

Let‘s make the form interactive. When the user submits the form, we should clear it, submit a request to the server, and refresh the list of comments. To start, let‘s listen for the form‘s submit event and clear it.

var CommentForm = React.createClass({
  handleSubmit: function(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    var author = React.findDOMNode(this.refs.author).value.trim();
    var text = React.findDOMNode(this.refs.text).value.trim();
    if (!text || !author) {
      return;
    }
    // TODO: send request to the server
    React.findDOMNode(this.refs.author).value = ‘‘;
    React.findDOMNode(this.refs.text).value = ‘‘;
    return;
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <form className="commentForm" onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <input type="text" placeholder="Your name" ref="author" />
        <input type="text" placeholder="Say something..." ref="text" />
        <input type="submit" value="Post" />
      </form>
    );
  }
});

Events

React attaches event handlers to components using a camelCase naming convention. We attach an onSubmit handler to the form that clears the form fields when the form is submitted with valid input.

Call preventDefault() on the event to prevent the browser‘s default action of submitting the form.

Refs

We use the ref attribute to assign a name to a child component and this.refs to reference the component. We can call React.findDOMNode(component) on a component to get the native browser DOM element.

Callbacks as props

When a user submits a comment, we will need to refresh the list of comments to include the new one. It makes sense to do all of this logic in CommentBox since CommentBox owns the state that represents the list of comments.

We need to pass data from the child component back up to its parent. We do this in our parent‘s render method by passing a new callback (handleCommentSubmit) into the child, binding it to the child‘s onCommentSubmit event. Whenever the event is triggered, the callback will be invoked:

var CommentBox = React.createClass({
  loadCommentsFromServer: function() {
    $.ajax({
      url: this.props.url,
      dataType: ‘json‘,
      success: function(data) {
        this.setState({data: data});
      }.bind(this),
      error: function(xhr, status, err) {
        console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
      }.bind(this)
    });
  },
  handleCommentSubmit: function(comment) {
    // TODO: submit to the server and refresh the list
  },
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {data: []};
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    this.loadCommentsFromServer();
    setInterval(this.loadCommentsFromServer, this.props.pollInterval);
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="commentBox">
        <h1>Comments</h1>
        <CommentList data={this.state.data} />
        <CommentForm onCommentSubmit={this.handleCommentSubmit} />
      </div>
    );
  }
});

Let‘s call the callback from the CommentForm when the user submits the form:

var CommentForm = React.createClass({
  handleSubmit: function(e) {
    e.preventDefault();
    var author = React.findDOMNode(this.refs.author).value.trim();
    var text = React.findDOMNode(this.refs.text).value.trim();
    if (!text || !author) {
      return;
    }
    this.props.onCommentSubmit({author: author, text: text});
    React.findDOMNode(this.refs.author).value = ‘‘;
    React.findDOMNode(this.refs.text).value = ‘‘;
    return;
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <form className="commentForm" onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
        <input type="text" placeholder="Your name" ref="author" />
        <input type="text" placeholder="Say something..." ref="text" />
        <input type="submit" value="Post" />
      </form>
    );
  }
});

Now that the callbacks are in place, all we have to do is submit to the server and refresh the list:

var CommentBox = React.createClass({
  loadCommentsFromServer: function() {
    $.ajax({
      url: this.props.url,
      dataType: ‘json‘,
      success: function(data) {
        this.setState({data: data});
      }.bind(this),
      error: function(xhr, status, err) {
        console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
      }.bind(this)
    });
  },
  handleCommentSubmit: function(comment) {
    $.ajax({
      url: this.props.url,
      dataType: ‘json‘,
      type: ‘POST‘,
      data: comment,
      success: function(data) {
        this.setState({data: data});
      }.bind(this),
      error: function(xhr, status, err) {
        console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
      }.bind(this)
    });
  },
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {data: []};
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    this.loadCommentsFromServer();
    setInterval(this.loadCommentsFromServer, this.props.pollInterval);
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="commentBox">
        <h1>Comments</h1>
        <CommentList data={this.state.data} />
        <CommentForm onCommentSubmit={this.handleCommentSubmit} />
      </div>
    );
  }
});

Optimization: optimistic updates

Our application is now feature complete but it feels slow to have to wait for the request to complete before your comment appears in the list. We can optimistically add this comment to the list to make the app feel faster.

var CommentBox = React.createClass({
  loadCommentsFromServer: function() {
    $.ajax({
      url: this.props.url,
      dataType: ‘json‘,
      success: function(data) {
        this.setState({data: data});
      }.bind(this),
      error: function(xhr, status, err) {
        console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
      }.bind(this)
    });
  },
  handleCommentSubmit: function(comment) {
    var comments = this.state.data;
    var newComments = comments.concat([comment]);
    this.setState({data: newComments});
    $.ajax({
      url: this.props.url,
      dataType: ‘json‘,
      type: ‘POST‘,
      data: comment,
      success: function(data) {
        this.setState({data: data});
      }.bind(this),
      error: function(xhr, status, err) {
        console.error(this.props.url, status, err.toString());
      }.bind(this)
    });
  },
  getInitialState: function() {
    return {data: []};
  },
  componentDidMount: function() {
    this.loadCommentsFromServer();
    setInterval(this.loadCommentsFromServer, this.props.pollInterval);
  },
  render: function() {
    return (
      <div className="commentBox">
        <h1>Comments</h1>
        <CommentList data={this.state.data} />
        <CommentForm onCommentSubmit={this.handleCommentSubmit} />
      </div>
    );
  }
});