android hook 框架 libinject2 简介、编译、运行
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时间：2015年06月11日
简介：
libinject 最开始是2011年看雪android安全版版主之一‘古河’大神发布的一份android平台的注入库： 发个Android平台上的注入代码 ，网上很多随后发布的注入代码都是其变种，不过我这几天尝试运行那份代码，发现有些问题，本博运行和分析的代码是另外一位大神的改进版本，在我的环境里运行注入和挂钩都成功了 ： Android中的so注入(inject)和挂钩(hook) - For both x86 and arm ，为了表示区别，我把这个项目称为 libinject2 。
编译运行：
1. 在android studio里新建一个module(其实也可以随便把代码放在某个目录下，直接用ndk-build编译的，我这里放在android studio里主要为了方便编辑代码)，目录如下
非常简单，就2个文件，一个inject.c存放源码，jni目录下 Android.mk 存放编译脚本，原文作者同时支持了i386和arm，我在测试的时候，把i386的代码去掉了（将原链接的inject.c代码拷贝下面，把 i386 宏包围的代码都去掉，并且去掉了 Application.mk 文件）
2. Android.mk 内容如下
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_MODULE := inject LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ../inject.c LOCAL_LDLIBS += -L$(SYSROOT)/usr/lib -llog include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
对于Android.mk文件的格式，可以参考 这里
3. 在 win7 下下载一个ndk包，设置目录到PATH环境变量，cmd进入终端，cd进入上述jni目录，执行 ndk-build , 正常情况下，会在 libs/armeabi/ 下生成 inject 可执行程序
4. 在android studio 里再新建一个module，用于编译测试用的动态库
其中，hello.c 内容如下：
#include <unistd.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <android/log.h> #include <elf.h> #include <fcntl.h> #define LOG_TAG "DEBUG" #define LOGD(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, LOG_TAG, fmt, ##args) int hook_entry(char * a){ LOGD("Hook success, pid = %d\n", getpid()); LOGD("Hello %s\n", a); return 0; }
提供了一个入口函数hook_entry,里边调用android的日志函数，最后的日志会在 logcat 里出现，通过 adb logcat 命令可以查看
Android.mk 内容如下
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) include $(CLEAR_VARS) LOCAL_LDLIBS += -L$(SYSROOT)/usr/lib -llog #增加了对android log 库的链接 LOCAL_MODULE := hello LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ../hello.c include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY) #指定编译为动态库
同样，使用 ndk-build 编译后，libs/armeabi/ 下出现 libhello.so
5. 启动模拟器，推送 libhello.so 和 inject 到虚拟机里
我启动的模拟器配置如下
Name: android-helloworld CPU/ABI: ARM (armeabi-v7a) Path: C:\Users\Administrator\.android\avd\android-helloworld.avd Target: Android 4.4.2 (API level 19) Skin: HVGA hw.dPad: no hw.accelerometer: yes hw.device.name: Nexus 7 vm.heapSize: 32 skin.dynamic: no hw.device.manufacturer: Google hw.gps: yes hw.audioInput: yes hw.cpu.model: cortex-a8 tag.id: default hw.mainKeys: no hw.camera.front: none hw.lcd.density: 213 hw.device.hash2: MD5:d3c9ed02af441ec949711439b9a48b85 hw.ramSize: 1024 hw.trackBall: no hw.battery: yes hw.sdCard: no tag.display: Default hw.keyboard: yes hw.sensors.proximity: no disk.dataPartition.size: 200M hw.sensors.orientation: yes avd.ini.encoding: ISO-8859-1
使用adb push命令推送
6. adb shell 进入模拟器运行
先将动态库和可执行程序设置权限777，在另一个终端启动测试进程 target, 然后用 inject 注入该进程， 第三个终端用 adb logcat 查看日志，如下
打印出来 Hello I‘m parameter! 证明 hook_entry 函数执行成功了。
最后给出 inject.c 的代码
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> //#include <asm/user.h> #include <asm/ptrace.h> #include <sys/ptrace.h> #include <sys/wait.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <dlfcn.h> #include <dirent.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <elf.h> #include <android/log.h> #define __arm__ #if defined(__i386__) //#define pt_regs user_regs_struct #endif #define ENABLE_DEBUG 1 #if ENABLE_DEBUG #define LOG_TAG "INJECT" #define LOGD(fmt, args...) __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG,LOG_TAG, fmt, ##args) #define DEBUG_PRINT(format,args...) \ LOGD(format, ##args) #else #define DEBUG_PRINT(format,args...) #endif #define CPSR_T_MASK ( 1u << 5 ) const char *libc_path = "/system/lib/libc.so"; const char *linker_path = "/system/bin/linker"; int ptrace_readdata(pid_t pid, uint8_t *src, uint8_t *buf, size_t size) { uint32_t i, j, remain; uint8_t *laddr; union u { long val; char chars[sizeof(long)]; } d; j = size / 4; remain = size % 4; laddr = buf; for (i = 0; i < j; i ++) { d.val = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, src, 0); memcpy(laddr, d.chars, 4); src += 4; laddr += 4; } if (remain > 0) { d.val = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, src, 0); memcpy(laddr, d.chars, remain); } return 0; } int ptrace_writedata(pid_t pid, uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *data, size_t size) { uint32_t i, j, remain; uint8_t *laddr; union u { long val; char chars[sizeof(long)]; } d; j = size / 4; remain = size % 4; laddr = data; for (i = 0; i < j; i ++) { memcpy(d.chars, laddr, 4); ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT, pid, dest, d.val); dest += 4; laddr += 4; } if (remain > 0) { d.val = ptrace(PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, dest, 0); for (i = 0; i < remain; i ++) { d.chars[i] = *laddr ++; } ptrace(PTRACE_POKETEXT, pid, dest, d.val); } return 0; } #if defined(__arm__) int ptrace_call(pid_t pid, uint32_t addr, long *params, uint32_t num_params, struct pt_regs* regs) { uint32_t i; for (i = 0; i < num_params && i < 4; i ++) { regs->uregs[i] = params[i]; } // // push remained params onto stack // if (i < num_params) { regs->ARM_sp -= (num_params - i) * sizeof(long) ; ptrace_writedata(pid, (void *)regs->ARM_sp, (uint8_t *)¶ms[i], (num_params - i) * sizeof(long)); } regs->ARM_pc = addr; if (regs->ARM_pc & 1) { /* thumb */ regs->ARM_pc &= (~1u); regs->ARM_cpsr |= CPSR_T_MASK; } else { /* arm */ regs->ARM_cpsr &= ~CPSR_T_MASK; } regs->ARM_lr = 0; if (ptrace_setregs(pid, regs) == -1 || ptrace_continue(pid) == -1) { printf("error\n"); return -1; } int stat = 0; waitpid(pid, &stat, WUNTRACED); while (stat != 0xb7f) { if (ptrace_continue(pid) == -1) { printf("error\n"); return -1; } waitpid(pid, &stat, WUNTRACED); } return 0; } #elif defined(__i386__) #if 0 long ptrace_call(pid_t pid, uint32_t addr, long *params, uint32_t num_params, struct user_regs_struct * regs) { regs->esp -= (num_params) * sizeof(long) ; ptrace_writedata(pid, (void *)regs->esp, (uint8_t *)params, (num_params) * sizeof(long)); long tmp_addr = 0x00; regs->esp -= sizeof(long); ptrace_writedata(pid, regs->esp, (char *)&tmp_addr, sizeof(tmp_addr)); regs->eip = addr; if (ptrace_setregs(pid, regs) == -1 || ptrace_continue( pid) == -1) { printf("error\n"); return -1; } int stat = 0; waitpid(pid, &stat, WUNTRACED); while (stat != 0xb7f) { if (ptrace_continue(pid) == -1) { printf("error\n"); return -1; } waitpid(pid, &stat, WUNTRACED); } return 0; } #endif #else #error "Not supported" #endif int ptrace_getregs(pid_t pid, struct pt_regs * regs) { if (ptrace(PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, NULL, regs) < 0) { perror("ptrace_getregs: Can not get register values"); return -1; } return 0; } int ptrace_setregs(pid_t pid, struct pt_regs * regs) { if (ptrace(PTRACE_SETREGS, pid, NULL, regs) < 0) { perror("ptrace_setregs: Can not set register values"); return -1; } return 0; } int ptrace_continue(pid_t pid) { if (ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, pid, NULL, 0) < 0) { perror("ptrace_cont"); return -1; } return 0; } int ptrace_attach(pid_t pid) { if (ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, NULL, 0) < 0) { perror("ptrace_attach"); return -1; } int status = 0; waitpid(pid, &status , WUNTRACED); return 0; } int ptrace_detach(pid_t pid) { if (ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, pid, NULL, 0) < 0) { perror("ptrace_detach"); return -1; } return 0; } void* get_module_base(pid_t pid, const char* module_name) { FILE *fp; long addr = 0; char *pch; char filename[32]; char line[1024]; if (pid < 0) { /* self process */ snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "/proc/self/maps", pid); } else { snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "/proc/%d/maps", pid); } fp = fopen(filename, "r"); if (fp != NULL) { while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp)) { if (strstr(line, module_name)) { pch = strtok( line, "-" ); addr = strtoul( pch, NULL, 16 ); if (addr == 0x8000) addr = 0; break; } } fclose(fp) ; } return (void *)addr; } void* get_remote_addr(pid_t target_pid, const char* module_name, void* local_addr) { void* local_handle, *remote_handle; local_handle = get_module_base(-1, module_name); remote_handle = get_module_base(target_pid, module_name); DEBUG_PRINT("[+] get_remote_addr: local[%x], remote[%x]\n", local_handle, remote_handle); void * ret_addr = (void *)((uint32_t)local_addr + (uint32_t)remote_handle - (uint32_t)local_handle); #if defined(__i386__) if (!strcmp(module_name, libc_path)) { ret_addr += 2; } #endif return ret_addr; } int find_pid_of(const char *process_name) { int id; pid_t pid = -1; DIR* dir; FILE *fp; char filename[32]; char cmdline[256]; struct dirent * entry; if (process_name == NULL) return -1; dir = opendir("/proc"); if (dir == NULL) return -1; while((entry = readdir(dir)) != NULL) { id = atoi(entry->d_name); if (id != 0) { sprintf(filename, "/proc/%d/cmdline", id); fp = fopen(filename, "r"); if (fp) { fgets(cmdline, sizeof(cmdline), fp); fclose(fp); if (strcmp(process_name, cmdline) == 0) { /* process found */ pid = id; break; } } } } closedir(dir); return pid; } long ptrace_retval(struct pt_regs * regs) { #if defined(__arm__) return regs->ARM_r0; #elif defined(__i386__) //return regs->eax; #else #error "Not supported" #endif } long ptrace_ip(struct pt_regs * regs) { #if defined(__arm__) return regs->ARM_pc; #elif defined(__i386__) //return regs->eip; #else #error "Not supported" #endif } int ptrace_call_wrapper(pid_t target_pid, const char * func_name, void * func_addr, long * parameters, int param_num, struct pt_regs * regs) { DEBUG_PRINT("[+] Calling %s in target process.\n", func_name); if (ptrace_call(target_pid, (uint32_t)func_addr, parameters, param_num, regs) == -1) return -1; if (ptrace_getregs(target_pid, regs) == -1) return -1; DEBUG_PRINT("[+] Target process returned from %s, return value=%x, pc=%x \n", func_name, ptrace_retval(regs), ptrace_ip(regs)); return 0; } int inject_remote_process(pid_t target_pid, const char *library_path, const char *function_name, const char *param, size_t param_size) { int ret = -1; void *mmap_addr, *dlopen_addr, *dlsym_addr, *dlclose_addr, *dlerror_addr; void *local_handle, *remote_handle, *dlhandle; uint8_t *map_base = 0; uint8_t *dlopen_param1_ptr, *dlsym_param2_ptr, *saved_r0_pc_ptr, *inject_param_ptr, *remote_code_ptr, *local_code_ptr; struct pt_regs regs; struct pt_regs original_regs; extern uint32_t _dlopen_addr_s, _dlopen_param1_s, _dlopen_param2_s, _dlsym_addr_s, _dlsym_param2_s, _dlclose_addr_s, _inject_start_s, _inject_end_s, _inject_function_param_s, _saved_cpsr_s, _saved_r0_pc_s; uint32_t code_length; long parameters[10]; DEBUG_PRINT("[+] Injecting process: %d\n", target_pid); if (ptrace_attach(target_pid) == -1) goto exit; if (ptrace_getregs(target_pid, ®s) == -1) goto exit; /* save original registers */ memcpy(&original_regs, ®s, sizeof(regs)); mmap_addr = get_remote_addr(target_pid, libc_path, (void *)mmap); DEBUG_PRINT("[+] Remote mmap address: %x\n", mmap_addr); /* call mmap */ parameters[0] = 0; // addr parameters[1] = 0x4000; // size parameters[2] = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC; // prot parameters[3] = MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE; // flags parameters[4] = 0; //fd parameters[5] = 0; //offset if (ptrace_call_wrapper(target_pid, "mmap", mmap_addr, parameters, 6, ®s) == -1) goto exit; map_base = ptrace_retval(®s); dlopen_addr = get_remote_addr( target_pid, linker_path, (void *)dlopen ); dlsym_addr = get_remote_addr( target_pid, linker_path, (void *)dlsym ); dlclose_addr = get_remote_addr( target_pid, linker_path, (void *)dlclose ); dlerror_addr = get_remote_addr( target_pid, linker_path, (void *)dlerror ); DEBUG_PRINT("[+] Get imports: dlopen: %x, dlsym: %x, dlclose: %x, dlerror: %x\n", dlopen_addr, dlsym_addr, dlclose_addr, dlerror_addr); printf("library path = %s\n", library_path); ptrace_writedata(target_pid, map_base, library_path, strlen(library_path) + 1); parameters[0] = map_base; parameters[1] = RTLD_NOW| RTLD_GLOBAL; if (ptrace_call_wrapper(target_pid, "dlopen", dlopen_addr, parameters, 2, ®s) == -1) goto exit; void * sohandle = ptrace_retval(®s); #define FUNCTION_NAME_ADDR_OFFSET 0x100 ptrace_writedata(target_pid, map_base + FUNCTION_NAME_ADDR_OFFSET, function_name, strlen(function_name) + 1); parameters[0] = sohandle; parameters[1] = map_base + FUNCTION_NAME_ADDR_OFFSET; if (ptrace_call_wrapper(target_pid, "dlsym", dlsym_addr, parameters, 2, ®s) == -1) goto exit; void * hook_entry_addr = ptrace_retval(®s); DEBUG_PRINT("hook_entry_addr = %p\n", hook_entry_addr); #define FUNCTION_PARAM_ADDR_OFFSET 0x200 ptrace_writedata(target_pid, map_base + FUNCTION_PARAM_ADDR_OFFSET, param, strlen(param) + 1); parameters[0] = map_base + FUNCTION_PARAM_ADDR_OFFSET; if (ptrace_call_wrapper(target_pid, "hook_entry", hook_entry_addr, parameters, 1, ®s) == -1) goto exit; printf("Press enter to dlclose and detach\n"); getchar(); parameters[0] = sohandle; if (ptrace_call_wrapper(target_pid, "dlclose", dlclose, parameters, 1, ®s) == -1) goto exit; /* restore */ ptrace_setregs(target_pid, &original_regs); ptrace_detach(target_pid); ret = 0; exit: return ret; } int main(int argc, char** argv) { pid_t target_pid; //target_pid = find_pid_of("/system/bin/surfaceflinger"); target_pid = atoi(argv[1]); if (-1 == target_pid) { printf("Can‘t find the process\n"); return -1; } //target_pid = find_pid_of("/data/test"); inject_remote_process(target_pid, "/data/local/tmp/libhello.so", "hook_entry", "I‘m parameter!", strlen("I‘m parameter!")); return 0; }
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