Android ListView 详解

浏览数：24 / 时间：2015年06月11日

ListView的使用方法

ListView是Android软件开发中非常重要组件之一，基本上是个软件基本都会使用ListView ，今天我通过一个demo来教大家怎么样使用ListView组件绘制出漂亮的列表，说道ListView就不得不说Adapter适配器，因为只有通过Adapter才可以把列表中的数据映射到ListView中。

在android的开发中最Adapter 一共可以分为
ArrayAdapter<T>,
BaseAdapter,
CursorAdapter,
HeaderViewListAdapter,
ResourceCursorAdapter,
SimpleAdapter,
SimpleCursorAdapter,
WrapperListAdapter
软件开发中最常用的有ArrayAdapter<T>, BaseAdapter, SimpleAdapter，今天我用一段代码向大家诠释如何使用ListView控件。

1.简单的ListView

在List列表中如果不存在过于复杂的东西我们可以直接去new ArrayAdapter() 来绘制列表，无须继承ArrayAdapter，重写它的方法。但是如果列表中过于复杂的话就需要使用自定义布局来实现List列表。

public class SimpleList extends ListActivity {  

    private String[] mListStr = {"姓名：雨松MOMO","性别：男","年龄：25","居住地：北京","邮箱：[email protected]"};  

    ListView mListView = null;  

    @Override  

    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  

mListView = getListView();  

    setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,  

                android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, mListStr));  

    mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {  

        @Override  

        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,  

            long id) {  

        Toast.makeText(SimpleList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  

        }  

    });  

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  

    }  

}

2.带标题的ListView列表

使用 simpleAdapter 需要注意的是须要用Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项的显示的title与text , new SimpleAdapter的时候将map中的数据写入，程序就会帮我们绘制列表了。

public class TitleList extends ListActivity {  

    private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};  

    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",  

        "[email protected]" };  

    ListView mListView = null;  

    ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;  

    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  

mListView = getListView();  

    int lengh = mListTitle.length;  

    for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {  

        Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();  

        item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);  

        item.put("text", mListStr[i]);  

        mData.add(item);   

    }  

    SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2,  

        new String[]{"title","text"},new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});  

        setListAdapter(adapter);  

    mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {  

        @Override  

        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,  

            long id) {  

        Toast.makeText(TitleList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  

        }  

    });  

    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  

    }  

}

使用 simpleAdapter 来操作但是构造simpleAdapter的时候须要使用我们自己写的布局来完成，因为系统的布局已经不能满足需求了，同样Map<String,Object> item 来保存列表中每一项须要的显示内容如图片标题内容等。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
 
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="?android:attr/listPreferredItemHeight"> 
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/image" 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" 
        android:adjustViewBounds="true" 
        android:padding="2dip" /> 
    <TextView android:id="@+id/title" 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image" 
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" 
        android:layout_above="@+id/text" 
        android:layout_alignWithParentIfMissing="true" android:gravity="center_vertical" 
        android:textSize="15dip" /> 
    <TextView android:id="@+id/text" 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/image" 
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" 
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true" 
        android:ellipsize="marquee"   
        android:textSize="20dip" /> 
</RelativeLayout>

public class IconList extends ListActivity {  
    private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};  
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",  
        "[email protected]" };  
    ListView mListView = null;  
    ArrayList<Map<String,Object>> mData= new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();;  
 
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
    mListView = getListView();  
        
    int lengh = mListTitle.length;  
    for(int i =0; i < lengh; i++) {  
        Map<String,Object> item = new HashMap<String,Object>();  
        item.put("image", R.drawable.jay);  
        item.put("title", mListTitle[i]);  
        item.put("text", mListStr[i]);  
        mData.add(item);   
    }  
    SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,mData,R.layout.iconlist,  
        new String[]{"image","title","text"},new int[]{R.id.image,R.id.title,R.id.text});  
        setListAdapter(adapter);  
    mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {  
        @Override  
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,  
            long id) {  
        Toast.makeText(IconList.this,"您选择了标题：" + mListTitle[position] + "内容："+mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
        }  
    });  
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
    }  
}

4.自定义布局BaseAdapter修改列表颜色

因为通过直接构造系统的布局来绘制列表方法肯定是有限的，所以我们需要重写绘制方法，写一个类去继承BaseAdapter 并实现这个类中的方法，listView在一开始绘制的时候首先会调用getCout()方法得到绘制次数，然后会实例化自己定义的BaseAdapter通过getView()方法一层一层绘制ListView,所以我们可以在这里面根据position(当前绘制的ID)来任意的修改绘制的内容，做出好看漂亮的ListView,下面这个例子我通过重写getView修改每个列表的颜色并且实现用户选中后成高亮状态。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
 
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> 
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/color_image" 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" 
        android:adjustViewBounds="true" 
        android:padding="2dip" /> 
    <TextView android:id="@+id/color_title" 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image" 
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" 
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true" 
        android:ellipsize="marquee"   
        android:textSize="15dip"  /> 
    <TextView android:id="@+id/color_text" 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/color_image" 
        android:layout_below="@+id/color_title" 
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" 
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"   
        android:singleLine="true" 
        android:ellipsize="marquee"   
        android:textSize="20dip" /> 
</RelativeLayout>

public class ColorList extends ListActivity {  
    private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};  
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",  
        "[email protected]" };  
    ListView mListView = null;  
    MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
    mListView = getListView();  
    myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this);  
    setListAdapter(myAdapter);  
    mListView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {  
        @Override  
        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int position,  
            long id) {  
        View v=adapterView.getChildAt(position);  
        v.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);  
        Toast.makeText(ColorList.this,"您选择了" + mListStr[position], Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
        }  
    });  
      
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
    }  
 
    class MyListAdapter extends BaseAdapter {  
    private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };  
    public MyListAdapter(Context context) {  
        mContext = context;  
    }  
 
    public int getCount() {  
        return mListStr.length;  
    }  
 
    @Override  
    public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {  
        return false;  
    }  
 
    public Object getItem(int position) {  
        return position;  
    }  
 
    public long getItemId(int position) {  
        return position;  
    }  
 
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {  
        ImageView iamge = null;  
        TextView title = null;  
        TextView text = null;  
        if (convertView == null) {  
        convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.colorlist, null);  
        iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_image);  
        title =(TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_title);  
        text= (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.color_text);  
        }   
        int colorPos = position % colors.length;  
        convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);  
        title.setText(mListTitle[position]);  
        text.setText(mListStr[position]);  
         iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);  
        return convertView;  
    }  
 
    private Context mContext;  
    }  
}

5.自定义布局ArrayAdapter

ArrayAdapter是BaseAdapter的子类，ArrayAdapter不仅具有BaseAdapter的所有方法还自定义了一些新的方法来处理列表项，所以单纯的从功能能上来讲ArrayAdapter远远强与BaseAdapter，如果是绘制一些数量比较少的列表建议使用BaseAdapter 如果绘制一些比较复杂的列表项并且列表项很多的建议使用ArrayAdapter。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
 
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content"> 
    <Button 
        android:id="@+id/array_button" 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"   
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:text="一个按钮" 
    /> 
    <ImageView android:id="@+id/array_image" 
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_button" 
        android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
        android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" 
        android:adjustViewBounds="true" 
        android:padding="2dip" /> 
    <TextView android:id="@+id/array_title" 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image" 
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" 
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true" android:singleLine="true" 
        android:ellipsize="marquee"   
        android:textSize="15dip"  /> 
    <TextView android:id="@+id/array_text" 
        android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/array_image" 
        android:layout_below="@+id/array_title" 
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" 
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"   
        android:singleLine="true" 
        android:ellipsize="marquee"   
        android:textSize="20dip" /> 
 
</RelativeLayout>

public class ArrayList extends ListActivity {  
    private String[] mListTitle = { "姓名", "性别", "年龄", "居住地","邮箱"};  
    private String[] mListStr = { "雨松MOMO", "男", "25", "北京",  
        "[email protected]" };  
    ListView mListView = null;  
    MyListAdapter myAdapter = null;  
    ArrayList arrayList = null;  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
    arrayList = this;  
    mListView = getListView();  
    myAdapter = new MyListAdapter(this,R.layout.arraylist);  
    setListAdapter(myAdapter);  
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
    }  
 
    public class MyListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Object> {  
    int mTextViewResourceID = 0;  
    private Context mContext;  
    public MyListAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId) {  
        super(context, textViewResourceId);  
        mTextViewResourceID = textViewResourceId;  
        mContext = context;  
    }  
 
    private int[] colors = new int[] { 0xff626569, 0xff4f5257 };  
 
    public int getCount() {  
        return mListStr.length;  
    }  
 
    @Override  
    public boolean areAllItemsEnabled() {  
        return false;  
    }  
 
    public Object getItem(int position) {  
        return position;  
    }  
 
    public long getItemId(int position) {  
        return position;  
    }  
 
    public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {  
        ImageView iamge = null;  
        TextView title = null;  
        TextView text = null;  
        Button button = null;  
        if (convertView == null) {  
        convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(  
            mTextViewResourceID, null);  
        iamge = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_image);  
        title = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_title);  
        text = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_text);  
        button = (Button)convertView.findViewById(R.id.array_button);  
        button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
              
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View arg0) {  
            Toast.makeText(arrayList,"您点击的第"+position +"个按钮", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();  
              
            }  
        });  
        }  
        int colorPos = position % colors.length;  
        convertView.setBackgroundColor(colors[colorPos]);  
        title.setText(mListTitle[position]);  
        text.setText(mListStr[position]);  
        if(colorPos == 0)  
        iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.jay);  
        else  
        iamge.setImageResource(R.drawable.image);  
        return convertView;  
    }  
    }  
}