android自定义View-------IOS风格的滑动开关

源码和测试例子已经放到github https://github.com/Leaking/SlideSwitch,欢迎star欢迎fork欢迎提issue

项目开发中,经常会有一些关于用户个性化的设置,此时经常需要一个开关控件,周末将之前写的自定义开关控件优化了一下,效果图如下。先说说大概思路:按钮绘制了三个图层,最下面是覆盖整个View的灰色,第二个是覆盖整个View的自定义的颜色,它可以改变透明度。第三个是白色。当白色部分移动时,修改第二个图层的透明度,即可作出如图滑动过程中颜色渐变的效果。

技术分享

大概记录一下重写一个组件的实现过程。

1,定义属性

2,,在Java代码中的构造器获取属性的值

3,重写onMeasure()

4,重写onDraw()

5,如果需要,重写onTouch监听

6,在自己项目的布局文件中,定义一个命名空间,使用属性


1,定义属性

新建一个项目,命名为SlieSwitch,并新建属性文件SlideSwitch\res\values\attrs.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>

    <declare-styleable name="slideswitch">
        <attr name="themeColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="isOpen" format="boolean" />
        <attr name="shape">
            <enum name="rect" value="1" />
            <enum name="circle" value="2" />
        </attr>
    </declare-styleable>

</resources>
其中定义了三个属性,一个是按钮的颜色,一个是按钮的打开状态,一个是枚举类型,它用来描述按钮的形状,关于这些的属性以及其它几个类型的属性的使用,可以容易百度谷歌到相关知识,这里暂不作记录。


2,,在Java代码中的构造器获取属性的值

在SlieSwitch中新建一个包com.leaking.slideswitch,然后再包里面新建一个文件文件SlieSwitch.java。自定义组件首先得继承View类,然后再构造器中获取自定义属性,如下艾玛片段:

public class SlideSwitch extends View {

	//,,,,,,,省略,,,,,,,,,,
	
	public SlideSwitch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
		super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
		listener = null;
		paint = new Paint();
		paint.setAntiAlias(true);
		TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
				R.styleable.slideswitch);
		color_theme = a.getColor(R.styleable.slideswitch_themeColor,
				COLOR_THEME);
		isOpen = a.getBoolean(R.styleable.slideswitch_isOpen, false);
		shape = a.getInt(R.styleable.slideswitch_shape, SHAPE_RECT);
		a.recycle();
	}

	public SlideSwitch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		this(context, attrs, 0);
	}

	public SlideSwitch(Context context) {
		this(context, null);
	}
         //,,,,,,,省略,,,,,,,,,,
}
一般View有三个构造器,我习惯让只有一个参数的构造方法调用有两个参数的构造方法,然后两个的调用三个的,在有三个参数的构造方法里使用TypeArray读取自定义属性,然后调用TypeArray的recycle()方法回收资源。


3,重写onMeasure()

上网稍微搜索一下,很快能只奥怎么重写onMeasure()方法,但是为什么需要重写onMeasure()方法这一点,倒是不好搜索到。这个问题我记录在另一篇文章。

android自定义View-------为什么重写onMeasure()以及怎么重写

我们在onMeasure()中此处主要做了两件事,第一是计算View的大小,也就是它的长和宽,第二是记录了白色色块的起始位置,以及绘制按钮的一些其他参数。需要注意的是,当你调用view的invalidate()方法进行重绘时,系统只会去调用onDraw()方法,但是如果有关于其他组件的大小、内容(比如TextView的setText())发生修改,都会触发onMeasure(),所以在onMeasure()中计算的位置变量,要避免受到重新调用onMeasure()的影响。编码过程遇到的一个bug就是因为这个原因。

4,重写onDraw()

onDraw()部分比较容易,只需按照onMeasure()中计算出来的参数绘制三个图层即可。


5,如果需要,重写onTouch监听

该部分也是比较容易,就是分别按照down,move,up三个事件计算位置,修改第二个图层颜色的透明度,然后调用invaliate重绘View。在up事件中启动一个线程,让按钮的滑动自动进行到结束。


6,在自己项目的布局文件中,定义一个命名空间,使用属性

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    xmlns:slideswitch="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.testlibs"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#ffffffff"
    android:gravity="center_horizontal"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="10dip"
    tools:context="com.example.testlibs.MainActivity" >

    <com.leaking.slideswitch.SlideSwitch
        android:id="@+id/swit"
        android:layout_width="150dip"
        android:layout_height="60dip"
        slideswitch:isOpen="true"
        slideswitch:shape="rect"
        slideswitch:themeColor="#ffee3a00" >
    </com.leaking.slideswitch.SlideSwitch>

</LinearLayout>

需要注意的是,上述代码片段的第二行,它引入了一个命名空间,其格式如下
xmlns:随便起名字="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/你的应用的包名"
注意最后一部分,是你使用这个自定义VIew的那个项目的应用包名。

接下来,在Java代码中设置开关的监听以及状态的设置,如下代码
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements SlideListener {

	TextView txt;
	SlideSwitch slide;
	SlideSwitch slide2;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
		slide = (SlideSwitch) findViewById(R.id.swit);
		slide2 = (SlideSwitch) findViewById(R.id.swit2);

		slide.setState(false);
		txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt);
		slide.setSlideListener(this);
	}

	@Override
	public void open() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		txt.setText(" is opend ");
	}

	@Override
	public void close() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		txt.setText(" is close ");
	}
}





SlideSwitch.java完整代码

完整代码和测试例子都放到github了,https://github.com/Leaking/SlideSwitch
package com.leaking.slideswitch;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.RectF;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v4.view.MotionEventCompat;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;

import com.example.slideswitch.R;

public class SlideSwitch extends View {

	public static final int SHAPE_RECT = 1;
	public static final int SHAPE_CIRCLE = 2;
	private static final int RIM_SIZE = 6;
	private static final int COLOR_THEME = Color.parseColor("#ff00ee00");
	// 3 attributes
	private int color_theme;
	private boolean isOpen;
	private int shape;
	// varials of drawing
	private Paint paint;
	private Rect backRect;
	private Rect frontRect;
	private int alpha;
	private int max_left;
	private int min_left;
	private int frontRect_left;
	private int frontRect_left_begin = RIM_SIZE;
	private int eventStartX;
	private int eventLastX;
	private int diffX = 0;
	
	private SlideListener listener;

	public interface SlideListener {
		public void open();
		public void close();
	}

	public SlideSwitch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
		super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
		listener = null;
		paint = new Paint();
		paint.setAntiAlias(true);
		TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
				R.styleable.slideswitch);
		color_theme = a.getColor(R.styleable.slideswitch_themeColor,
				COLOR_THEME);
		isOpen = a.getBoolean(R.styleable.slideswitch_isOpen, false);
		shape = a.getInt(R.styleable.slideswitch_shape, SHAPE_RECT);
		a.recycle();
	}

	public SlideSwitch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		this(context, attrs, 0);
	}

	public SlideSwitch(Context context) {
		this(context, null);
	}
}
	@Override
	protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
		super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
		int width = measureDimension(280, widthMeasureSpec);
		int height = measureDimension(140, heightMeasureSpec);	
		if (shape == SHAPE_CIRCLE) {
			if (width < height)
				width = height * 2;
		}
		setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
		initDrawingVal();
	}
	
	public void initDrawingVal(){
		int width = getMeasuredWidth();
		int height = getMeasuredHeight();
		
		backRect = new Rect(0, 0, width, height);
		min_left = RIM_SIZE;
		if (shape == SHAPE_RECT)
			max_left = width / 2;
		else
			max_left = width - (height - 2 * RIM_SIZE) - RIM_SIZE;
		if (isOpen) {
			frontRect_left = max_left;
			alpha = 255;
		} else {
			frontRect_left = RIM_SIZE;
			alpha = 0;
		}
		frontRect_left_begin = frontRect_left;
	}

	public int measureDimension(int defaultSize, int measureSpec) {
		int result;
		int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
		int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
		if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
			result = specSize;
		} else {
			result = defaultSize; // UNSPECIFIED
			if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
				result = Math.min(result, specSize);
			}
		}
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
		if (shape == SHAPE_RECT) {
			paint.setColor(Color.GRAY);
			canvas.drawRect(backRect, paint);
			paint.setColor(color_theme);
			paint.setAlpha(alpha);
			canvas.drawRect(backRect, paint);

			frontRect = new Rect(frontRect_left, RIM_SIZE, frontRect_left
					+ getMeasuredWidth() / 2 - RIM_SIZE, getMeasuredHeight()
					- RIM_SIZE);
			paint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
			canvas.drawRect(frontRect, paint);
		} else {
			// 画圆形
			int radius;
			radius = backRect.height() / 2 - RIM_SIZE;
			paint.setColor(Color.GRAY);
			canvas.drawRoundRect(new RectF(backRect), radius, radius, paint);
			paint.setColor(color_theme);
			paint.setAlpha(alpha);
			canvas.drawRoundRect(new RectF(backRect), radius, radius, paint);

			frontRect = new Rect(frontRect_left, RIM_SIZE, frontRect_left
					+ backRect.height() - 2 * RIM_SIZE, backRect.height()
					- RIM_SIZE);
			paint.setColor(Color.WHITE);
			canvas.drawRoundRect(new RectF(frontRect), radius, radius, paint);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
		int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(event);

		switch (action) {
		case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
			eventStartX = (int) event.getRawX();
			break;
		case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
			eventLastX = (int) event.getRawX();
			diffX = eventLastX - eventStartX;
			int tempX = diffX + frontRect_left_begin;
			tempX = (tempX > max_left ? max_left : tempX);
			tempX = (tempX < min_left ? min_left : tempX);
			if (tempX >= min_left && tempX <= max_left) {
				frontRect_left = tempX;
				alpha = (int) (255 * (float) tempX / (float) max_left);
				invalidateView();
			}
			break;
		case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:
			int wholeX = (int) (event.getRawX() - eventStartX);
			frontRect_left_begin = frontRect_left;
			boolean toRight;
			toRight = (frontRect_left_begin > max_left / 2 ? true : false);
			if (Math.abs(wholeX) < 3) {
				toRight = !toRight;
			}
			moveToDest(toRight);
			break;
		default:
			break;
		}
		return true;
	}

	/**
	 * draw again
	 */
	private void invalidateView() {
		if (Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper()) {
			invalidate();
		} else {
			postInvalidate();
		}
	}

	public void setSlideListener(SlideListener listener) {
		this.listener = listener;
	}

	public void moveToDest(final boolean toRight) {
		final Handler handler = new Handler() {

			@Override
			public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
				if (msg.what == 1) {
					listener.open();
				} else {
					listener.close();
				}
			}

		};

		new Thread(new Runnable() {
			@Override
			public void run() {
				if (toRight) {
					while (frontRect_left <= max_left) {
						alpha = (int) (255 * (float) frontRect_left / (float) max_left);
						invalidateView();
						frontRect_left += 3;
						try {
							Thread.sleep(3);
						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
						}
					}
					alpha = 255;
					frontRect_left = max_left;
					isOpen = true;
					if (listener != null)
						handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
					frontRect_left_begin = max_left;

				} else {
					while (frontRect_left >= min_left) {
						alpha = (int) (255 * (float) frontRect_left / (float) max_left);
						invalidateView();
						frontRect_left -= 3;
						try {
							Thread.sleep(3);
						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
						}
					}
					alpha = 0;
					frontRect_left = min_left;
					isOpen = false;
					if (listener != null)
						handler.sendEmptyMessage(0);
					frontRect_left_begin = min_left;

				}
			}
		}).start();

	}

	public void setState(boolean isOpen) {
		this.isOpen = isOpen;		
		initDrawingVal();
		invalidateView();
		if(listener != null)
			if(isOpen == true){
				listener.open();
			}else{
				listener.close();
			}
	}

	public void setShapeType(int shapeType) {
		this.shape = shapeType;
	}
}





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