android自定义View-------IOS风格的滑动开关
源码和测试例子已经放到github https://github.com/Leaking/SlideSwitch,欢迎star欢迎fork欢迎提issue
项目开发中,经常会有一些关于用户个性化的设置,此时经常需要一个开关控件,周末将之前写的自定义开关控件优化了一下,效果图如下。先说说大概思路:按钮绘制了三个图层,最下面是覆盖整个View的灰色,第二个是覆盖整个View的自定义的颜色,它可以改变透明度。第三个是白色。当白色部分移动时,修改第二个图层的透明度,即可作出如图滑动过程中颜色渐变的效果。
大概记录一下重写一个组件的实现过程。
1,定义属性
2,,在Java代码中的构造器获取属性的值
3,重写onMeasure()
4,重写onDraw()
5,如果需要,重写onTouch监听
6,在自己项目的布局文件中,定义一个命名空间,使用属性
1,定义属性
新建一个项目,命名为SlieSwitch,并新建属性文件SlideSwitch\res\values\attrs.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <resources> <declare-styleable name="slideswitch"> <attr name="themeColor" format="color" /> <attr name="isOpen" format="boolean" /> <attr name="shape"> <enum name="rect" value="1" /> <enum name="circle" value="2" /> </attr> </declare-styleable> </resources>其中定义了三个属性,一个是按钮的颜色,一个是按钮的打开状态,一个是枚举类型,它用来描述按钮的形状,关于这些的属性以及其它几个类型的属性的使用,可以容易百度谷歌到相关知识,这里暂不作记录。
2,,在Java代码中的构造器获取属性的值
在SlieSwitch中新建一个包com.leaking.slideswitch,然后再包里面新建一个文件文件SlieSwitch.java。自定义组件首先得继承View类,然后再构造器中获取自定义属性,如下艾玛片段:
public class SlideSwitch extends View { //,,,,,,,省略,,,,,,,,,, public SlideSwitch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); listener = null; paint = new Paint(); paint.setAntiAlias(true); TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.slideswitch); color_theme = a.getColor(R.styleable.slideswitch_themeColor, COLOR_THEME); isOpen = a.getBoolean(R.styleable.slideswitch_isOpen, false); shape = a.getInt(R.styleable.slideswitch_shape, SHAPE_RECT); a.recycle(); } public SlideSwitch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public SlideSwitch(Context context) { this(context, null); } //,,,,,,,省略,,,,,,,,,, }一般View有三个构造器,我习惯让只有一个参数的构造方法调用有两个参数的构造方法,然后两个的调用三个的,在有三个参数的构造方法里使用TypeArray读取自定义属性,然后调用TypeArray的recycle()方法回收资源。
3,重写onMeasure()
上网稍微搜索一下,很快能只奥怎么重写onMeasure()方法,但是为什么需要重写onMeasure()方法这一点,倒是不好搜索到。这个问题我记录在另一篇文章。
android自定义View-------为什么重写onMeasure()以及怎么重写
我们在onMeasure()中此处主要做了两件事,第一是计算View的大小,也就是它的长和宽,第二是记录了白色色块的起始位置,以及绘制按钮的一些其他参数。需要注意的是,当你调用view的invalidate()方法进行重绘时,系统只会去调用onDraw()方法,但是如果有关于其他组件的大小、内容(比如TextView的setText())发生修改,都会触发onMeasure(),所以在onMeasure()中计算的位置变量,要避免受到重新调用onMeasure()的影响。编码过程遇到的一个bug就是因为这个原因。
4,重写onDraw()
onDraw()部分比较容易,只需按照onMeasure()中计算出来的参数绘制三个图层即可。
5,如果需要,重写onTouch监听
该部分也是比较容易,就是分别按照down,move,up三个事件计算位置,修改第二个图层颜色的透明度,然后调用invaliate重绘View。在up事件中启动一个线程,让按钮的滑动自动进行到结束。
6,在自己项目的布局文件中,定义一个命名空间,使用属性
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" xmlns:slideswitch="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.testlibs" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#ffffffff" android:gravity="center_horizontal" android:orientation="vertical" android:padding="10dip" tools:context="com.example.testlibs.MainActivity" > <com.leaking.slideswitch.SlideSwitch android:id="@+id/swit" android:layout_width="150dip" android:layout_height="60dip" slideswitch:isOpen="true" slideswitch:shape="rect" slideswitch:themeColor="#ffee3a00" > </com.leaking.slideswitch.SlideSwitch> </LinearLayout>
需要注意的是,上述代码片段的第二行,它引入了一个命名空间,其格式如下
xmlns:随便起名字="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/你的应用的包名"注意最后一部分,是你使用这个自定义VIew的那个项目的应用包名。
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements SlideListener { TextView txt; SlideSwitch slide; SlideSwitch slide2; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); slide = (SlideSwitch) findViewById(R.id.swit); slide2 = (SlideSwitch) findViewById(R.id.swit2); slide.setState(false); txt = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.txt); slide.setSlideListener(this); } @Override public void open() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub txt.setText(" is opend "); } @Override public void close() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub txt.setText(" is close "); } }
package com.leaking.slideswitch; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.TypedArray; import android.graphics.Canvas; import android.graphics.Color; import android.graphics.Paint; import android.graphics.Rect; import android.graphics.RectF; import android.os.Handler; import android.os.Looper; import android.os.Message; import android.support.v4.view.MotionEventCompat; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.view.MotionEvent; import android.view.View; import com.example.slideswitch.R; public class SlideSwitch extends View { public static final int SHAPE_RECT = 1; public static final int SHAPE_CIRCLE = 2; private static final int RIM_SIZE = 6; private static final int COLOR_THEME = Color.parseColor("#ff00ee00"); // 3 attributes private int color_theme; private boolean isOpen; private int shape; // varials of drawing private Paint paint; private Rect backRect; private Rect frontRect; private int alpha; private int max_left; private int min_left; private int frontRect_left; private int frontRect_left_begin = RIM_SIZE; private int eventStartX; private int eventLastX; private int diffX = 0; private SlideListener listener; public interface SlideListener { public void open(); public void close(); } public SlideSwitch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) { super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr); listener = null; paint = new Paint(); paint.setAntiAlias(true); TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.slideswitch); color_theme = a.getColor(R.styleable.slideswitch_themeColor, COLOR_THEME); isOpen = a.getBoolean(R.styleable.slideswitch_isOpen, false); shape = a.getInt(R.styleable.slideswitch_shape, SHAPE_RECT); a.recycle(); } public SlideSwitch(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } public SlideSwitch(Context context) { this(context, null); } } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec); int width = measureDimension(280, widthMeasureSpec); int height = measureDimension(140, heightMeasureSpec); if (shape == SHAPE_CIRCLE) { if (width < height) width = height * 2; } setMeasuredDimension(width, height); initDrawingVal(); } public void initDrawingVal(){ int width = getMeasuredWidth(); int height = getMeasuredHeight(); backRect = new Rect(0, 0, width, height); min_left = RIM_SIZE; if (shape == SHAPE_RECT) max_left = width / 2; else max_left = width - (height - 2 * RIM_SIZE) - RIM_SIZE; if (isOpen) { frontRect_left = max_left; alpha = 255; } else { frontRect_left = RIM_SIZE; alpha = 0; } frontRect_left_begin = frontRect_left; } public int measureDimension(int defaultSize, int measureSpec) { int result; int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec); int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec); if (specMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) { result = specSize; } else { result = defaultSize; // UNSPECIFIED if (specMode == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) { result = Math.min(result, specSize); } } return result; } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { if (shape == SHAPE_RECT) { paint.setColor(Color.GRAY); canvas.drawRect(backRect, paint); paint.setColor(color_theme); paint.setAlpha(alpha); canvas.drawRect(backRect, paint); frontRect = new Rect(frontRect_left, RIM_SIZE, frontRect_left + getMeasuredWidth() / 2 - RIM_SIZE, getMeasuredHeight() - RIM_SIZE); paint.setColor(Color.WHITE); canvas.drawRect(frontRect, paint); } else { // 画圆形 int radius; radius = backRect.height() / 2 - RIM_SIZE; paint.setColor(Color.GRAY); canvas.drawRoundRect(new RectF(backRect), radius, radius, paint); paint.setColor(color_theme); paint.setAlpha(alpha); canvas.drawRoundRect(new RectF(backRect), radius, radius, paint); frontRect = new Rect(frontRect_left, RIM_SIZE, frontRect_left + backRect.height() - 2 * RIM_SIZE, backRect.height() - RIM_SIZE); paint.setColor(Color.WHITE); canvas.drawRoundRect(new RectF(frontRect), radius, radius, paint); } } @Override public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) { int action = MotionEventCompat.getActionMasked(event); switch (action) { case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN: eventStartX = (int) event.getRawX(); break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE: eventLastX = (int) event.getRawX(); diffX = eventLastX - eventStartX; int tempX = diffX + frontRect_left_begin; tempX = (tempX > max_left ? max_left : tempX); tempX = (tempX < min_left ? min_left : tempX); if (tempX >= min_left && tempX <= max_left) { frontRect_left = tempX; alpha = (int) (255 * (float) tempX / (float) max_left); invalidateView(); } break; case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP: int wholeX = (int) (event.getRawX() - eventStartX); frontRect_left_begin = frontRect_left; boolean toRight; toRight = (frontRect_left_begin > max_left / 2 ? true : false); if (Math.abs(wholeX) < 3) { toRight = !toRight; } moveToDest(toRight); break; default: break; } return true; } /** * draw again */ private void invalidateView() { if (Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper()) { invalidate(); } else { postInvalidate(); } } public void setSlideListener(SlideListener listener) { this.listener = listener; } public void moveToDest(final boolean toRight) { final Handler handler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.what == 1) { listener.open(); } else { listener.close(); } } }; new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { if (toRight) { while (frontRect_left <= max_left) { alpha = (int) (255 * (float) frontRect_left / (float) max_left); invalidateView(); frontRect_left += 3; try { Thread.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } alpha = 255; frontRect_left = max_left; isOpen = true; if (listener != null) handler.sendEmptyMessage(1); frontRect_left_begin = max_left; } else { while (frontRect_left >= min_left) { alpha = (int) (255 * (float) frontRect_left / (float) max_left); invalidateView(); frontRect_left -= 3; try { Thread.sleep(3); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } alpha = 0; frontRect_left = min_left; isOpen = false; if (listener != null) handler.sendEmptyMessage(0); frontRect_left_begin = min_left; } } }).start(); } public void setState(boolean isOpen) { this.isOpen = isOpen; initDrawingVal(); invalidateView(); if(listener != null) if(isOpen == true){ listener.open(); }else{ listener.close(); } } public void setShapeType(int shapeType) { this.shape = shapeType; } }
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