Android:Activity+Fragment及它们之间的数据交换(一)
简介:
为什么要用Fragment?使用Fragment可以在一个Activity中实现不同的界面。Fragment与Fragment之间的动画切换,远比Activity与Activity之间的动画切换变化方式多。很多时候,我们通过使用一个Activity,切换多个Fragment。本次博客,主要列举一下Fragment与它的Activity之间进行数据交换的方式。
1.Fragment中通过getActivity()然后进行强制转化,调用Activity中的公有方法
((XXXXActivity)getActivity()).fun();
2.Activity在切换Fragment的时候,通过setArguments向Fragment传递参数,Fragment通过getArguments();获得从activity中传递过来的值
3.Activity实现一个接口,Fragment在onAttach方法中,将该Activity转化为该接口,在需要调用的时候回调。
注意:本Demo是通过FragmentManager来管理Fragment的,通过FragmentManager管理,我们创建Fragment和销毁Fragment的时候,可以通过栈的方式:
a.FragmentTransaction的add方法,添加一个Fragment
b.FragmentTransaction的popBackStack()弹出该Fragment
演示实例:
fragment1.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#FFFFFFFF" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" > <TextView android:id="@+id/tv" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:text="fragment1" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/tv" android:text="跳转到Fragment2" /> </RelativeLayout>
MyFragment1.java
/* * $filename: MyFragment.java,v $ * $Date: 2014-5-16 $ * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved. * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo. */ package com.example.testfragment; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.Button; /* *@author: ZhengHaibo *web: http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb *mail: [email protected] *2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China */ public class MyFragment1 extends Fragment { FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null; Button btn; @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container, false); btn = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn); btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub fragmentCallBack.callbackFun1(null); } }); return rootView; } @Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onAttach(activity); fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity; } }
fragment2.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:background="#FFFFFFFF" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context="com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" > <TextView android:id="@+id/tv" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" android:text="fragment2" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/tv" android:text="直接调用Activity" /> <Button android:id="@+id/btn2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_below="@id/btn1" android:text="回调Activity" /> </RelativeLayout>
/* * $filename: MyFragment.java,v $ * $Date: 2014-5-16 $ * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved. * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo. */ package com.example.testfragment; import android.app.Activity; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.view.ViewGroup; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.Toast; /* *@author: ZhengHaibo *web: http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb *mail: [email protected] *2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China */ public class MyFragment2 extends Fragment { FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null; Button btn1; Button btn2; @Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) { View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container, false); Bundle data = getArguments();//获得从activity中传递过来的值 Toast.makeText(getActivity(), data.getString("TEXT"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); btn1 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn1); btn1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // 直接调用Activity中的方法 ((MainActivity)getActivity()).changeButtonColor(); } }); btn2 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn2); btn2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // 回调的方式 fragmentCallBack.callbackFun2(null); } }); return rootView; } @Override public void onAttach(Activity activity) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.onAttach(activity); fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity; } }
回调接口:
/* * $filename: FragmentCallBack.java,v $ * $Date: 2014-5-16 $ * Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved. * This software is Made by Zhenghaibo. */ package com.example.testfragment; import android.os.Bundle; /* *@author: ZhengHaibo *web: http://blog.csdn.net/nuptboyzhb *mail: [email protected] *2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China */ public interface FragmentCallBack { public void callbackFun1(Bundle arg); public void callbackFun2(Bundle arg); }
main.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" > <Button android:id="@+id/btn" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:text="切换" /> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/rl_container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_above="@id/btn" /> </RelativeLayout>
MainActivity.java
package com.example.testfragment; import android.graphics.Color; import android.os.Bundle; import android.support.v4.app.Fragment; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager; import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction; import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements FragmentCallBack{ private Button btn; private MyFragment1 fragment1; private MyFragment2 fragment2; private FragmentManager fragmentManager; private Fragment currentFragment; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager(); FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction(); fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out); fragment1 = new MyFragment1(); Bundle data = new Bundle(); data.putString("TEXT", "这是Activiy通过Bundle传递过来的值"); fragment1.setArguments(data);//通过Bundle向Activity中传递值 fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment1);//将fragment1设置到布局上 fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null); fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); currentFragment = fragment1; //初始化button控件 btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn); btn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { if(currentFragment instanceof MyFragment1){ switchFragment(); }else{//当前是fragment2,因此,只需要将fragment2出栈即可变成fragment1 fragmentManager.popBackStack(); currentFragment = fragment1; } } }); } /** * 切换Fragment */ private void switchFragment(){ if(null == fragment2){//可以避免切换的时候重复创建 fragment2 = new MyFragment2(); } Bundle data = new Bundle(); data.putString("TEXT", "传递给fragment2"); fragment2.setArguments(data); FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction(); fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out); fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment2); fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null); fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); currentFragment = fragment2; } public void changeButtonColor(){ btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED); } @Override public void callbackFun1(Bundle arg) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub switchFragment();//通过回调方式切换 } @Override public void callbackFun2(Bundle arg) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub changeButtonColor();//通过回调方式调用Activity中的方法 } }
初始画面
切换到第二个Fragment之后,通过Fragment2回调,改变按钮背景后的截图。
注意:
1.直接在Fragment中通过getActivity然后强转Activity的方式调用Activity的方法,这个方式不推荐!因为这会使Fragment的适配性变差。
解决方法:在使用之前,使用instanceof 判断一下Activity的类型
2.FragmentTransaction通过使用setCustomAnimations方法,可以为Fragment的切换增添各种不同的动画。变化方式远比Activity与Activity之间的切换动画要多。
3.多个Fragment之间,可以通过Activity复用很多代码,提高效率。
4.我们还可以通过ViewPager来管理Fragment,通过Adapter添加多个Fragment,然后通过setcurrentitem进行切换。我们同样可以通过setArguments向Fragment传递数据。
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