Android BLE开发之Android手机与BLE终端通信

本文来自http://blog.csdn.net/hellogv/ ,引用必须注明出处!

最近穿戴设备发展得很火,把相关技术也带旺了,其中一项是BLE(Bluetooth Low Energy)。BLE是蓝牙4.0的核心Profile,主打功能是快速搜索,快速连接,超低功耗保持连接和传输数据,弱点是数据传输速率低,由于BLE的低功耗特点,因此普遍用于穿戴设备。Android 4.3才开始支持BLE API,所以请各位客官把本文代码运行在蓝牙4.0和Android 4.3及其以上的系统,另外本文所用的BLE终端是一个蓝牙4.0的串口蓝牙模块。

PS:我的i9100刷了4.4系统后,竟然也能跟BLE蓝牙模块通信。

BLE分为三部分Service、Characteristic、Descriptor,这三部分都由UUID作为唯一标示符。一个蓝牙4.0的终端可以包含多个Service,一个Service可以包含多个Characteristic,一个Characteristic包含一个Value和多个Descriptor,一个Descriptor包含一个Value。一般来说,Characteristic是手机与BLE终端交换数据的关键,Characteristic有较多的跟权限相关的字段,例如PERMISSION和PROPERTY,而其中最常用的是PROPERTY,本文所用的BLE蓝牙模块竟然没有标准的Characteristic的PERMISSION。Characteristic的PROPERTY可以通过位运算符组合,例如READ|WRITE、READ|WRITE_NO_RESPONSE|NOTIFY,因此读取PROPERTY后要分解成所用的组合(本文代码已含此分解方法)。

本文代码改自Android 4.3 Sample的BluetoothLeGatt,把冗余代码去掉,获取的BLE设备信息都通过LOG.E,还有一些必要的读写蓝牙方法,应该算是简化到大家一看就可以懂了。本文代码可以到http://download.csdn.net/detail/hellogv/7228819下载。接下来贴出本文运行的结果,首先是连接BLE设备后,枚举出设备所有Service、CharacteristicDescriptor,并且手机会往BLE设备写入“send data->”字符串(见PC串口助手的截图):

04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.465: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE|
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.470: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE|
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.475: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:00002a05-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:INDICATE
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service type:PRIMARY
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->includedServices size:0
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -->service uuid:0000ffe0-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char uuid:0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.480: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): ---->char property:READ|WRITE_NO_RESPONSE|NOTIFY|
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc uuid:00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
04-21 18:28:25.490: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): -------->desc permission:UNKNOW
04-21 18:28:26.025: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharRead BLE DEVICE read 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> 00

这里红字是由BluetoothGattCallback的onCharacteristicRead()回调而打出Log




以下Log是PC上的串口工具通过BLE模块发送过来的
04-21 18:30:18.260: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:18.745: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.085: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.350: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.605: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:19.835: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.055: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.320: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.510: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:20.735: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone
04-21 18:30:21.000: E/DeviceScanActivity(12254): onCharWrite BLE DEVICE write 0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb -> send data to phone

接下来贴出本文核心代码:

public class DeviceScanActivity extends ListActivity {
	private final static String TAG = DeviceScanActivity.class.getSimpleName();
	private final static String UUID_KEY_DATA = "0000ffe1-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb";

    private LeDeviceListAdapter mLeDeviceListAdapter;
    /**搜索BLE终端*/
    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;
    /**读写BLE终端*/
    private BluetoothLeClass mBLE;
    private boolean mScanning;
    private Handler mHandler;

    // Stops scanning after 10 seconds.
    private static final long SCAN_PERIOD = 10000;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        getActionBar().setTitle(R.string.title_devices);
        mHandler = new Handler();

        // Use this check to determine whether BLE is supported on the device.  Then you can
        // selectively disable BLE-related features.
        if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
        }

        // Initializes a Bluetooth adapter.  For API level 18 and above, get a reference to
        // BluetoothAdapter through BluetoothManager.
        final BluetoothManager bluetoothManager =
                (BluetoothManager) getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);
        mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();
        
        // Checks if Bluetooth is supported on the device.
        if (mBluetoothAdapter == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, R.string.error_bluetooth_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            finish();
            return;
        }
        //开启蓝牙
        mBluetoothAdapter.enable();
        
        mBLE = new BluetoothLeClass(this);
        if (!mBLE.initialize()) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Unable to initialize Bluetooth");
            finish();
        }
        //发现BLE终端的Service时回调
        mBLE.setOnServiceDiscoverListener(mOnServiceDiscover);
        //收到BLE终端数据交互的事件
        mBLE.setOnDataAvailableListener(mOnDataAvailable);
    }


    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();

        // Initializes list view adapter.
        mLeDeviceListAdapter = new LeDeviceListAdapter(this);
        setListAdapter(mLeDeviceListAdapter);
        scanLeDevice(true);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        scanLeDevice(false);
        mLeDeviceListAdapter.clear();
        mBLE.disconnect();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        mBLE.close();
    }
    
    @Override
    protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        final BluetoothDevice device = mLeDeviceListAdapter.getDevice(position);
        if (device == null) return;
        if (mScanning) {
            mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
            mScanning = false;
        }
        
        mBLE.connect(device.getAddress());
    }

    private void scanLeDevice(final boolean enable) {
        if (enable) {
            // Stops scanning after a pre-defined scan period.
            mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mScanning = false;
                    mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
                    invalidateOptionsMenu();
                }
            }, SCAN_PERIOD);

            mScanning = true;
            mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        } else {
            mScanning = false;
            mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(mLeScanCallback);
        }
        invalidateOptionsMenu();
    }

    /**
     * 搜索到BLE终端服务的事件
     */
    private BluetoothLeClass.OnServiceDiscoverListener mOnServiceDiscover = new OnServiceDiscoverListener(){

		@Override
		public void onServiceDiscover(BluetoothGatt gatt) {
			displayGattServices(mBLE.getSupportedGattServices());
		}
    	
    };
    
    /**
     * 收到BLE终端数据交互的事件
     */
    private BluetoothLeClass.OnDataAvailableListener mOnDataAvailable = new OnDataAvailableListener(){

    	/**
    	 * BLE终端数据被读的事件
    	 */
		@Override
		public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,
				BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
			if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) 
				Log.e(TAG,"onCharRead "+gatt.getDevice().getName()
						+" read "
						+characteristic.getUuid().toString()
						+" -> "
						+Utils.bytesToHexString(characteristic.getValue()));
		}
		
	    /**
	     * 收到BLE终端写入数据回调
	     */
		@Override
		public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,
				BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
			Log.e(TAG,"onCharWrite "+gatt.getDevice().getName()
					+" write "
					+characteristic.getUuid().toString()
					+" -> "
					+new String(characteristic.getValue()));
		}
    };

    // Device scan callback.
    private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback mLeScanCallback =
            new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {

        @Override
        public void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi, byte[] scanRecord) {
            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.addDevice(device);
                    mLeDeviceListAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                }
            });
        }
    };

    private void displayGattServices(List<BluetoothGattService> gattServices) {
        if (gattServices == null) return;

        for (BluetoothGattService gattService : gattServices) {
        	//-----Service的字段信息-----//
        	int type = gattService.getType();
            Log.e(TAG,"-->service type:"+Utils.getServiceType(type));
            Log.e(TAG,"-->includedServices size:"+gattService.getIncludedServices().size());
            Log.e(TAG,"-->service uuid:"+gattService.getUuid());
            
            //-----Characteristics的字段信息-----//
            List<BluetoothGattCharacteristic> gattCharacteristics =gattService.getCharacteristics();
            for (final BluetoothGattCharacteristic  gattCharacteristic: gattCharacteristics) {
                Log.e(TAG,"---->char uuid:"+gattCharacteristic.getUuid());
                
                int permission = gattCharacteristic.getPermissions();
                Log.e(TAG,"---->char permission:"+Utils.getCharPermission(permission));
                
                int property = gattCharacteristic.getProperties();
                Log.e(TAG,"---->char property:"+Utils.getCharPropertie(property));

                byte[] data = gattCharacteristic.getValue();
        		if (data != null && data.length > 0) {
        			Log.e(TAG,"---->char value:"+new String(data));
        		}

        		//UUID_KEY_DATA是可以跟蓝牙模块串口通信的Characteristic
        		if(gattCharacteristic.getUuid().toString().equals(UUID_KEY_DATA)){        			
        			//测试读取当前Characteristic数据,会触发mOnDataAvailable.onCharacteristicRead()
        			mHandler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                        	mBLE.readCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic);
                        }
                    }, 500);
        			
        			//接受Characteristic被写的通知,收到蓝牙模块的数据后会触发mOnDataAvailable.onCharacteristicWrite()
        			mBLE.setCharacteristicNotification(gattCharacteristic, true);
        			//设置数据内容
        			gattCharacteristic.setValue("send data->");
        			//往蓝牙模块写入数据
        			mBLE.writeCharacteristic(gattCharacteristic);
        		}
        		
        		//-----Descriptors的字段信息-----//
				List<BluetoothGattDescriptor> gattDescriptors = gattCharacteristic.getDescriptors();
				for (BluetoothGattDescriptor gattDescriptor : gattDescriptors) {
					Log.e(TAG, "-------->desc uuid:" + gattDescriptor.getUuid());
					int descPermission = gattDescriptor.getPermissions();
					Log.e(TAG,"-------->desc permission:"+ Utils.getDescPermission(descPermission));
					
					byte[] desData = gattDescriptor.getValue();
					if (desData != null && desData.length > 0) {
						Log.e(TAG, "-------->desc value:"+ new String(desData));
					}
        		 }
            }
        }//

    }
}

Android BLE开发之Android手机与BLE终端通信,,5-wow.com

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