在RHEL7 or OL7上安装oracle database 12c的要求

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Requirements for Installing Oracle Database 12.1on RHEL7 or OL7 64-bit (x86-64) (文档 ID 1961997.1)

本文不做翻译，仅作原文转载：

Applies to: 

Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 12.1.0.2 and later
Linux x86-64

Purpose

This note explains the requirements that need to be met for a successful installation of Oracle Database 12.1 release on Red Hat Enterprise Linux  7.0  or Oracle Linux 7 (or higher 7.x version) 64-bit (x86-64)

It is NOT the purpose of this NOTE to repeat every "how-to" step that is presented in the Oracle Database 12.1 Installation Guide. For example this NOTE does not include how to create the Linux OS account named "oracle", nor does it cover how to set environment variables. Both are adequately covered in "Oracle? Database Installation Guide 12c Release 1 (12.1) for Linux"

Scope

This procedure is meant for those Planning / Installing Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 on RHEL 7.0 on the 64-bit (x86-64) platform.   Since it is the expressed goal to keep Oracle Linux (OL) functionally IDENTICAL to RHEL, this NOTE is also completely applicable to 64-bit (x86-64) OL 7.0

This procedure is not meant for those Planning / Installing Grid Infrastructure (GI) or any other Oracle products.

Details

Note that only Oracle db 12.1.0.2 is certified on RHEL 7 and Oracle Linux 7 (OL 7)

Requirements for installing Oracle Database 12.1 release 64-bit on RHEL 7 or OL 7  64-bit (x86_64)

Before you proceed with Installation, please take time to review every below requirement carefully to avoid any obvious issues during Installation of binaries.

1. Download the Oracle Database 12.1 Software

- Download the Oracle Database 12.1 software from My Oracle Support
Note 1194734.1 Where do I find that on My Oracle Support (MOS) [Video]

- After you download the Software, Verify the integrity of the Downloaded Software
Note 549617.1 How To Verify The Integrity Of A Patch/Software Download? [Video]

- If you have downloaded the Software on other Machine, please transfer the zip file on the Server being Installed using Binary Mode and unzip with the Oracle Software user.

I. Hardware:

1. Minimum Hardware Requirements

      a.) Ensure that your system meets the following Physical Memory requirements:
          Minimum: 1 GB of RAM
          Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more

      b.) Swap disk space proportional to the system‘s physical memory as follows:

     NOTE: The above recommendations (from the Oracle? Database Installation Guide 12c Release 1 (12.1) for Linux) are MINIMUM recommendations for installations. Further RAM and swap space may be required to tune/improve RDBMS performance.

      c.) 1.0 GB (1024MB) of disk space (and less than 2TB of disk space) in the /tmp directory.

         If the free space available in the /tmp directory is less than what is required, then complete one of the following steps:
         - Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory to meet the disk space requirement.
         - Set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables when setting the oracle user‘s environment.

     d.) Approximately 6.5 GB of local disk space for the Database Software Files. 

     e.) If you intend to create a preconfigured database during the installation, then the file system (or file systems) that you choose must have at least 2 GB of free disk space.
         For production databases, you must estimate the disk space requirement depending on the use of the database.

2. Oracle Database is supported on ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems (see Note:236826.1 for further information)

II. Software:

   1. Certified Linux Operationg Systems

       Oracle Linux 6, Oracle Linux 7
       Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

   2. Oracle recommends that you install the Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs) (refer Figure 1) and do not customize the RPMs during installation. For additional  information on "default-RPMs", please see Note 376183.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the RHEL OS" or Note 401167.1, "Defining a "default RPMs" installation of the Oracle Enterprise Linux (OEL) OS".

3. Linux Kernel Requirements

   Oracle Linux 7

• Oracle Linux 7 with the Unbreakable Enterprise kernel: 3.8.13-33.el7uek.x86_64 or later
• Oracle Linux 7 with the Red Hat Compatible kernel: 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later

   Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 - 3.10.0-54.0.1.el7.x86_64 or later

   Note 1508516.1 Is It Mandatory To Install UEK Kernel Under RHEL?

4. Required OS Components (per Release Notes, and Install Guide)

   a.) The exact version number details of this list are based upon 64-bit (x86_64) RHEL 7.0. When a higher "update" level is used, the RPM release numbers (such as 4.4.4-13) may be slightly different. Since updates of RHEL 7 are certified, this is fine so long as you are still using 64-bit Linux (x86_64) RHEL 7 RPMs.    

   b.) Some of the Install Guide requirements will already be present from the "default-RPMs" foundation of Linux that you started with:

 OR

During OS installation select following two group and also add ksh and libaio-devel (x86_64) packages

Figure 1 Default RPMs selection

5. Oracle Global Customer Support has noticed a recent trend with install problems that originates from installing too many RPMs. For example:      

   a.) Installing your own JDK version (prior to execute the Oracle Software runInstaller) is not needed on Linux, and is not recommended on Linux. A pre-existing JDK often interferes with the correct JDK that the Linux Oracle Software runInstaller will place and use.      

   b.) Installing more than the required version of the gcc / g++ RPMs often leads to accidentally using (aka enabling or activating) the incorrect one. If you have multiple RDBMS versions installed on the same Linux machine, then you will likely have to manage multiple versions of gcc /g++ . For more information, please see Note 444084.1, "Multiple gcc / g++ Versions in Linux"

6. All of the RPMs in section II. are on the Oracle Linux 7 / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 64-bit (x86_64) distribution media.

III. Environment:

   1. Below are the Minmum Recommended Kernel Parameter settings required for Database Software Installation. Modify your kernel settings in /etc/sysctl.conf as follows.

NOTE: If the current value for any parameter is higher than the value listed, do not change the value of that parameter.

2.  if the shell limits and kernel parameters are not set as recommended by Oracle, then during installation OUI will generate fixup script which does the following tasks:

• If necessary sets kernel parameters to values required for successful installation, including:
  • Shared memory parameters.
  • Open file descriptor and UDP send/receive parameters.
• Creates and sets permissions on the Oracle Inventory (central inventory) directory.
• Creates or reconfigures primary and secondary group memberships for the installation owner, if necessary, for the Oracle Inventory directory and the operating system privileges groups.
• Sets shell limits if necessary to required values.

 In case if you would like to do these manually, using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file, add above kernel parameter and its value. To activate these new settings into the running kernel space, run the "sysctl -p" command as root.

 Set Shell Limits for the oracle User. Assuming that the "oracle" Unix user will perform the installation, do the following:

 a.) Add the following settings to /etc/security/limits.conf configuration file for the installation owner.

NOTE: When the limits.conf file is changed, these changes take effect immediately. However, if the oracle users are logged in, then these changes do not take effect until you log these users out and log them back in. You must do this before you use these accounts for installation.

b.) Verify the latest version of PAM is loaded, then add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

c.) Verify the current ulimits, and raise if needed.  This can be done many ways...adding the following lines to /etc/profile is the recommended method:

The hostname command should return the fully qualified hostname as shown below:

 Log in as Oracle user and start the installation as follows:

a.) It is best practice not to use any form of "su" to start the runInstaller, in order to avoid potential display-related problems.
b.) When performing the Oracle Database 12.1 installation, make sure to use the "runInstaller" version that comes with Oracle Database 12.1 software.
c.) When performing any subsequent 12.1.0.x patchset, make sure to use the "runInstaller" version that comes with the patchset.

ADDITIONAL NOTES

 1. Starting from Oracle Database 12.1 32-bit Oracle Database Software is not available.

 2. Supported distributions of the 32-bit (x86) Oracle Database Client Linux OS can run on on AMD64/EM64T and Intel Processor Chips that adhere to the x86_64 architecture. Oracle 32-bit Database Client running on AMD64/EM64T with 64-bit OS is expected to be supported, but is NOT covered by this NOTE.

 3. Asynchronous I/O on ext2 and ext3 file systems is supported if your scsi/fc driver supports that functionality.

Note : Asynchronous I/O on Ext4 file system is supported with Oracle 10g onwards on OEL5.6 and later.
Reference : Oracle Linux, Filesystem & I/O Type Supportability (Note 279069.1)

4. No extra patch is required for the DIRECTIO support for x86_64.

5. No LD_ASSUME_KERNEL value should be used with the Oracle Database 12.1 product.

6. The following rpm command can be used to distinguish between a 32-bit or 64-bit package.