原创作品，出自 “深蓝的blog” 博客，欢迎转载，转载时请务必注明以下出处，否则追究版权法律责任。

深蓝的blog：

实验环境：Oracle VM VirtualBox 4.2.12

操作系统：CentOS 7（LINUX7）64bit

数据库  ：Oracle 12C 64bit

实验目标：熟悉LINUX7下安装Oracle12C

操作演示：

（1）、安装Linux7操作系统

略

（2）、官网下载oracle软件包

略

（3）、下载oracle12C官方文档

略

（4）、上传oracle软件包至linux操作系统下

略

（5）、安装oracle

5.1 主机配置

--根据经验，关闭一些无用的服务，否则安装时可能会出现某些错误

#vi serverstop.sh

--编写关闭服务脚本

chkconfig iptables off
chkconfig ip6tables off
chkconfig cups off
chkconfig firstboot off
chkconfig wpa_supplicant off
chkconfig postfix off
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
sed -i 's/^GSSAPIAuthentication yes$/GSSAPIAuthentication no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
sed -i 's/#UseDNS yes/UseDNS no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config

--执行关闭服务脚本

5.2 安装包 

解压安装包

[root@hyldb /]# cd /software

[root@hyldb software]# ls

linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip  linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

[root@hyldb software]# unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_1of2.zip

[root@hyldb software]# unzip linuxamd64_12c_database_2of2.zip

查看官方文档，没有找到LINUX7需安装包的文档，找到了LINUX6需要安装的包，以LINUX6作为参考，步骤如下：

在系统光盘中，按要求找到需要的包，下面是文档中要求安装的64位的相关包：

The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libXext-1.1 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.0.99.2 (x86_64)
libX11-1.3 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.5 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.5 (x86_64)
libXi-1.3 (x86_64)
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

将找到的包上传到linux系统下，对其进行安装

[root@hyldb package]# vi  rpm.sh

rpm -ivh binutils-2.23.52.0.1-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glib2-devel-2.36.3-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-2.17-55.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh ksh-20120801-19.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libgcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libxcb-1.9-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXext-1.3.2-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh make-3.82-21.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh sysstat-10.1.5-4.el7.x86_64.rpm

[root@hyldb package]# sh  rpm.sh

安装调用图形化需要的包，使用yum安装下面的包

[root@hyldb yum.repos.d]# yum -y install unixODBC

[root@hyldb yum.repos.d]# yum -y install unixODBC-devel

[root@hyldb scripts]# yum install -y xterm

--xterm这是调用图形化用的包

5.3 添加用户及相关目录

[root@hyldb /]# groupadd oinstall

[root@hyldb /]# groupadd dba

[root@hyldb /]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@hyldb /]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

[root@hyldb /]# id oracle

uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

[root@hyldb /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1

[root@hyldb /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

[root@hyldb /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

[root@hyldb /]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app

5.4 配置内核参数

[root@hyldb /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
~

[root@hyldb /]# sysctl -p

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

--修改系统限制

[root@hyldb ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

# End of file
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536

[root@hyldb ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login

session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session    required     pam_limits.so

[root@hyldb ~]# vi /etc/profile

--添加以下参数

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi

5.5 切换到oracle用户下，配置环境变量

[root@hyldb /]# su - oracle

[oracle@hyldb ~]$ vi .bash_profile

# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
#PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
#export PATH
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=shenlan
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
~
~
".bash_profile" 18L, 430C written

[oracle@hyldb ~]$ source .bash_profile

5.6 安装oracle软件

远程调用图形安装oracle软件

此处使用的X-manager软件

以下出现的错误忽略即可！！！

产生这个问题的原因是，12c的第一版本，还不支持linux7，因此需要手工解决这个问题。

[root@hyldb stubs]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/lib/stubs

[root@hyldb stubs]# cp * /bak

[root@hyldb bak]# rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/lib/stubs/*

[root@hyldb bak]# cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk.orig

[root@hyldb bak]# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/env_rdbms.mk

176行

修改前：

LINKTTLIBS=$(LLIBCLNTSH) $(ORACLETTLIBS) $(LINKLDLIBS)

修改后：

LINKTTLIBS=$(LLIBCLNTSH) $(ORACLETTLIBS) $(LINKLDLIBS) -lons

279-280行

修改前：

LINK=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS) $(COMPSOBJS)

LINK32=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS32) $(COMPSOBJS)

修改后：

LINK=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS) $(COMPSOBJS) -Wl,--no-as-needed

LINK32=$(FORT_CMD) $(PURECMDS) $(ORALD) $(LDFLAGS32) $(COMPSOBJS) -Wl,--no-as-needed

3041-3042行

修改前：

TG4PWD_LINKLINE= $(LINK) $(OPT) $(TG4PWDMAI) \

         $(LLIBTHREAD) $(LLIBCLNTSH) $(LINKLDLIBS)

修改后：

TG4PWD_LINKLINE= $(LINK) $(OPT) $(TG4PWDMAI) \

         $(LLIBTHREAD) $(LLIBCLNTSH) $(LINKLDLIBS) -lnnz12

修改后，点击Retry，如下：

手工修正后，继续安装。

[root@hyldb bak]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@hyldb bak]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation for Oracle 12c  

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1 

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

至此，oracle软件安装完成。

5.7 dbca建库

使用X-manager调用图形化界面。

[oracle@hyldb ~]$ xhost +

access control disabled, clients can connect from any host

[oracle@hyldb ~]$ dbca

5.8 配置监听

[oracle@hyldb ~]$ netca

验证监听状态，如下：

[oracle@hyldb ~]$ lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-APR-2015 17:12:03

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=hyldb)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                12-APR-2015 17:03:10

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 8 min. 54 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/hyldb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=hyldb)(PORT=1521)))

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=hyldb)(PORT=5500))(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/app/oracle/admin/shenlan/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))

Services Summary...

Service "shenlan" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "shenlan", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "shenlanXDB" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "shenlan", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

5.9 配置Net Configuration Assistant

[oracle@hyldb ~]$ netca

简单演示：

[oracle@hyldb ~]$ sqlplus scott/tiger@localdb

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun Apr 12 17:14:44 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Last Successful login time: Sun Apr 12 2015 17:10:20 +08:00

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

关于Net Configuration Assistant的配置一般是在客户端进行配置，此处只作为一种演示。

至此，在LINUX7下安装Oracle12C完成。