RHEL 6.2 64位安装ORACLE 11G R2

1、安装环境：

操作系统及版本

[root@stone ~]# cat /etc/issue

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.2 (Santiago)

内存设置

[root@stone ~]# free -m

             total used free shared buffers cached

Mem: 1063 721 341 0 25 387

-/+ buffers/cache: 309 754

Swap: 1999 0 1999

#内存至少1G，swap至少为1.5倍内存

磁盘分区

[root@stone ~]# df -ah

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda1 23G 2.9G 19G 14% /

proc 0 0 0 - /proc

sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys

devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts

tmpfs 532M 264K 532M 1% /dev/shm

none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc

sunrpc 0 0 0 - /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs

gvfs-fuse-daemon 0 0 0 - /root/.gvfs

vmware-vmblock 0 0 0 - /var/run/vmblock-fuse

.host:/ 76G 26G 50G 35% /mnt/hgfs

#建议oracle所作分区（本例为/）至少10G

2、配置YUM（需要上公网或架设内网服务器）

[root@stone ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@stone yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

--2014-03-09 14:35:00-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

Resolving mirrors.163.com... 123.58.173.106

Connecting to mirrors.163.com|123.58.173.106|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 2006 (2.0K) [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: “CentOS6-Base-163.repo”

100%[===========================================================================>] 2,006 --.-K/s in 0s

2014-03-09 14:35:00 (137 MB/s) - “CentOS6-Base-163.repo” saved [2006/2006]

[root@stone yum.repos.d]# ls

CentOS6-Base-163.repo redhat.repo rhel-source.repo

[root@stone ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6-Base-163.repo

:g/$releasver/s//6/g

:wq

[root@stone ~]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, security, subscription-manager

Updating certificate-based repositories.

base | 3.7 kB 00:00

base/group_gz | 220 kB 00:00

base/filelists_db | 5.9 MB 00:28

base/primary_db | 4.4 MB 00:20

base/other_db | 2.8 MB 00:12

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00

extras/filelists_db | 11 kB 00:00

extras/prestodelta | 907 B 00:00

extras/primary_db | 19 kB 00:00

extras/other_db | 5.8 kB 00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00

updates/filelists_db | 1.3 MB 00:05

updates/prestodelta | 169 kB 00:00

updates/primary_db | 2.0 MB 00:09

updates/other_db | 16 MB 01:11

Metadata Cache Created

3、安装所需软件包

[root@stone ~]# cat ora_software1.txt

binutils*

compat-libstdc++*

elfutils-libelf*

elfutils-libelf-devel*

elfutils-libelf-devel-static*

gcc*

gcc-c++*

glibc*

glibc-common*

glibc-devel*

glibc-headers*

kernel-headers*

ksh*

libaio*

libaio*

libgcc*

libgomp*

libstdc++*

libstdc++-devel*

make*

sysstat*

unixODBC*

unixODBC-devel*

[root@stone ~]# cat ora_software1.txt | xargs yum install -y

或者直接使用oracle为OEL提供的yum直接安装，步骤如下：

[root@stone ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@stone yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo

--2014-03-09 21:01:00-- http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo

Resolving public-yum.oracle.com... 206.160.170.8, 206.160.170.56

Connecting to public-yum.oracle.com|206.160.170.8|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 4233 (4.1K) [text/plain]

Saving to: “public-yum-ol6.repo”

100%[===========================================================================>] 4,233 --.-K/s in 0s

2014-03-09 21:01:01 (119 MB/s) - “public-yum-ol6.repo” saved [4233/4233]

[root@stone ~]# rpm --import http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6

[root@stone yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

4、建立oracle所需组和用户（如果使用OEL的yum安装，会自动建立）

[root@stone ~]# groupadd oinstall

[root@stone ~]# groupadd dba

[root@stone ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

[root@stone ~]# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic

BAD PASSWORD: is too simple

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

5、设置安装目录

[root@stone ~]# mkdir -p /u01/oraInventory

[root@stone ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/

[root@stone ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/

将第4步和第5步做成脚本：

[root@stone ~]# cat ora_user_dir.sh

#!/bin/bash

groupadd oinstall

groupadd dba

useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle

echo "123456" | passwd --stdin oracle

mkdir -p /u01/oraInventory

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/

chmod -R 775 /u01/

[root@stone ~]# sh ora_user_dir.sh

Changing password for user oracle.

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

6、设置环境变量

[root@stone ~]#xhost +

[root@stone ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@stone ~]$ export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

7、解压安装包

[oracle@stone ~]$ unzip /mnt/hgfs/software/linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

[oracle@stone ~]$ unzip /mnt/hgfs/software/linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

[oracle@stone ~]$ ls

database

8、开始安装：

[oracle@stone ~]$ ./database/runInstaller

选择不接收安全更新

先仅安装数据库软件，后面再创建数据库

选择单实例

选择语言默认为英语

选择版本为默认的企业版

安装路径为默认路径

产品目录为默认路径

管理和操作组保留默认值（这是操作系统认证所需要）

安装环境检查

检查出一些参数设置和软件依赖包缺失问题，点击Fix&Chick Again

生成修复脚本，并提示脚本路径和执行步骤

以root用户执行修复脚本

[root@stone ~]# sh /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/runfixup.sh

Response file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.response

Enable file being used is :/tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/fixup.enable

Log file location: /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.1.0_oracle/orarun.log

Setting Kernel Parameters...

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 6815744

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

uid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)

脚本修复后，还有一些软件依赖包提示缺失，其实这些软件前面已经安装过了，且版本比需求的高，故可以选择Ignore All

查看安装摘要，确认无误后进行安装

开始安装

安装完成后提示运行两个脚本

以root用户运行脚本

[root@stone ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@stone ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:

    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

    ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:

   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created

Finished running generic part of root.sh script.

Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Finished product-specific root actions.

将以下文件中的环境变量写入oracle主目录下的.bash_profile文件

[root@stone ~]# cat ora_env.txt

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

ORACLE_SID=stone; export ORACLE_SID

ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/admin/data; export ORA_NLS33

NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

[root@stone ~]# cat ora_env.txt >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

[root@stone ~]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

        . ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

ORACLE_SID=stone; export ORACLE_SID

ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/admin/data; export ORA_NLS33

NLS_LANG=american_america.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

切换到oracle用户，确认环境变量已生效

[root@stone ~]# su - oracle

[oracle@stone ~]$ env | grep ORACLE

ORACLE_SID=stone

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

9、使用netmgr新建一个监听，以便在创建数据库时同时安装em

[oracle@stone ~]$ netmgr

新建监听

增加一个监听地址

设置对应的数据库服务

保存关闭，然后启动监听

[oracle@stone ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 17-MAR-2014 11:41:15

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/stone/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=stone)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=stone)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias LISTENER

Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date 17-MAR-2014 11:41:16

Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec

Trace Level off

Security ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP OFF

Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/stone/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=stone)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "stone" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "stone", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

10、使用dbca创建数据库

[oracle@stone ~]$ dbca

选择创建数据库

数据库类型为“通用或事物处理”

选择em，保持默认设置

仅做测试用，为管理帐号设置统一密码

存储类型保持默认设置

闪回设置，保持默认

勾选上示例模式

设置内存，选择自动内存管理

设置块大小和最大处理进程数量

选择字符集，如果有中文一般选择ZHS16GBK

选择连接模式为专用服务模式

控制文件设置

文件数量设置

数据文件设置

重做日志文件设置

选择创建数据库，保存该模版，生成创建脚本

查看创建数据库设置摘要

开始创建数据库

创建完成

进入em

RHEL 6.2 64位安装ORACLE 11G R2,古老的榕树,5-wow.com