T-SQL 学习随笔
SQL 的数据定义:
操作对象 操作方式
创建 删除 修改
模式 CREATE SCHEMA DROP SCHEMA
表 CREATE TABLE DROP TABLE ALTER TABLE
视图 CREATE VIEW DROP VIEW
索引 CREATE INDEX DROP INDEX ALTER INDEX
A1.表的创建
CREATE TABLE Student( Sno VARCHAR(10) PRIMARY KEY, Sname VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL );
2.向表中插入数据
INSERT INTO Student(Sno,Sname) VALUES(‘1307020‘,‘xiaohua‘);
INSERT INTO Student SELECT ..... /*插入查询结果*/
3.对表进行数据更新
UPDATE Student SET Sname = ‘xiaoming‘ WHERE Sno = ‘1307020‘;
4.删除表数据
DELETE FROM Student WHERE Sno = ‘1307020‘;
B查询
1.最基本的查询
SELECT Sno 学号,Sname 姓名 /*别名*/ FROM Student WHERE Sno = ‘1307020‘;
2.查询中有重复的行可以用 DISTINCT消除,默认情况是ALL保留表中取值重复的行
SELECT DISTINCT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sno = ‘1307020‘;
3.
1.谓词 BETWEEN...AND... 和 NOT BETWEEN...AND...表示在范围之内
2.谓词 IN 可以用来查找属性属于指定集合的元祖
/*查找名字是xiaohua 或 xiaoming 学生的信息*/ SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname IN(‘xiaohua‘,‘xiaoming‘);
3.字符匹配 LIKE (%表示任意长度的字符串,_表示单个字符////!正则)
/*查找名字以xiao开头学生的信息*/ SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname LIKE ‘xiao%‘;
4.ORDER BY (默认升序(ASC),降序(DESC))
/*查询结果按学号降序排序*/ SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname LIKE ‘xiao%‘ ORDER BY Sno DESC;
5.聚集函数
COUNT() SUM() AVG() MAX() MIN()
/*查询总人数*/ SELECT COUNT(*);
6.GROUP BY 查询结果按照某一列或多列分组
SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname LIKE ‘xiao%‘ GROUP BY Sno,Sname;
4.连接 一个表与其他表用 ‘ = ‘ 连接
5.嵌套查询/*不想写了 = = 就是在where 或 having 后可以继续嵌套子查询 子查询中不能使用 order by */
1.带有 IN 谓词的子查询/**IN 是关于集合的运算,问是否在一个集合里*/
SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname IN ( SELECT Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname LIKE ‘xiao‘);
2.带有ANY(SOME)或ALL谓词的子查询
SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sno < ANY ( SELECT Sno FROM Student WHERE Sname LIKE ‘xiao‘);
3.带有EXISTS(存在)谓词的子查询
SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE EXISTS( SELECT * FROM Student WHERE Sname LIKE ‘xiao‘);
6.集合查询 并(UNION)、交(INTERSECT)、差(EXCEPT)
SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname = ‘xiaohua‘ UNION SELECT Sno,Sname FROM Student WHERE Sname = ‘xiaoming‘ ORDER BY Sname;/*集合的排序要放最后*/
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