MySQL数据库学习笔记（一）----MySQL-5.6.21的安装和配置（setup版）

【开发环境】

物理机版本：Win 7旗舰版（64位）

MySQL版本：5.5.40MSI版（64位）

一、数据库类型：

（1）关系数据库

（2）面向对象数据库

（3）XML数据库

现在的主流是关系型数据库。

二、数据库产品：

• 大型数据库有：Oracle、Sybase、DB2、SQL server
• 小型数据库有：MySQL、Access等

上面列举的数据库都是关系型数据库，只是Oracle中有一小部分是面向对象的。MySQL具有开源、免费等特性，适合中小型企业的开发。

三、关系型数据库的基本概念：

关系型数据库是由多个表（table）和表之间的关联关系组成的数据的集合，表是一个由若干行、若干列组成的二维的关系结构。

上图中，表的列称为字段（field），表的行成为记录（record）。字段是表的结构，记录是表的数据。

四、MySQL的下载：

官网下载地址：http://www.mysql.com/：

上图中，可以看到MySQL有三个版本：企业版、集群版、社区版。社区版就是我们所需要的版本，GPL是一种开源的协议。点击上图中红框中的链接，进入另外一个界面：

上图中，我们选择红框部分的社区版本进行下载，弹出如下界面：

下图中，可以看到MySQL支持许多平台：

我的操作系统是64位的，我选择对应版本（MSI版）进行下载，点击上图中红框部分的链接，进入如下界面：

上图中，点击红框部分进行下载，弹出如下界面：

上图中，我们不需要注册，点击红框部分，直接下载即可。

五、MySQL的安装：

双击安装包时，出现了这个错误：

好吧，没想到官网下载的软件都能出问题。算了，我还是下老版本的吧。

点击上图中红框部分，弹出如下界面：

上图中，点击红框部分，弹出如下界面：

不用注册，直接下载吧。。。

五、MySQL的安装：

软件下载完成后，就开始安装吧。

上图中，建议选择第二项的Custom，自定义安装。弹出如下界面：

上图中，选择合适的安装路径，点击“继续”：

之后跳出另一个对话框，是让我们安装一个可视化的工具：

上图中，我们勾选红框部分，然后点击“finish”，进行配置。

六、MySQL的配置：

上图的解释：今后在Java开发中，要对这个服务器进行访问，就要涉及到通信的协议，这里使用TCP/IP协议，此时就涉及到了端口，MySQL默认的端口号为3306，使用默认的即可。继续下一步：

上图中，是选择数据库的编码。第一种是拉丁文，只支持英文，不支持中文；第二种貌似是和日语有关的。这里我们选择第三种：自定义。然后将编码方式设置为：utf-8。下一步：

上图中，我们勾选“路径添加到环境变量”，然后继续：

上图中，是给root用户设置密码。这里，我将密码设置为smyh。另外，勾选“允许用户远程（网路）访问”，否则只能在本地访问，继续：

上面的勾会自动打的：

上图中，可以看到，我们的配置被写在了my.ini这个文件中了。

点击finish，完成安装。我们再到对应目录下看一下my.ini文件的内容：

# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard

#

#

# Installation Instructions

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# On Linux you can copy this file to /etc/my.cnf to set global options,

# mysql-data-dir/my.cnf to set server-specific options

# (@localstatedir@ for this installation) or to

# ~/.my.cnf to set user-specific options.

#

# On Windows you should keep this file in the installation directory

# of your server (e.g. C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y). To

# make sure the server reads the config file use the startup option

# "--defaults-file".

#

# To run run the server from the command line, execute this in a

# command line shell, e.g.

# mysqld --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"

#

# To install the server as a Windows service manually, execute this in a

# command line shell, e.g.

# mysqld --install MySQLXY --defaults-file="C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server X.Y\my.ini"

#

# And then execute this in a command line shell to start the server, e.g.

# net start MySQLXY

#

#

# Guildlines for editing this file

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# In this file, you can use all long options that the program supports.

# If you want to know the options a program supports, start the program

# with the "--help" option.

#

# More detailed information about the individual options can also be

# found in the manual.

#

#

# CLIENT SECTION

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.

# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed

# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to

# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the

# MySQL client library initialization.

#

[client]

port=3306

[mysql]

default-character-set=utf8

# SERVER SECTION

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that

# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this

# file.

#

[mysqld]

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on

port=3306

#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.

basedir="D:/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/"

#Path to the database root

datadir="C:/ProgramData/MySQL/MySQL Server 5.5/Data/"

# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is

# created and no character set is defined

character-set-server=utf8

# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when

default-storage-engine=INNODB

# Set the SQL mode to strict

sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will

# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with

# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the

# connection limit has been reached.

max_connections=100

# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them

# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query

# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your

# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the

# "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value

# is high enough for your load.

# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are

# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a

# slowdown instead of a performance improvement.

query_cache_size=0

# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value

# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.

# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files

# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in

# section [mysqld_safe]

table_cache=256

# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table

# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk

# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many

# of them.

tmp_table_size=34M

# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client

# disconnects, the client‘s threads are put in the cache if there aren‘t

# more than thread_cache_size threads from before. This greatly reduces

# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new

# connections. (Normally this doesn‘t give a notable performance

# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)

thread_cache_size=8

#*** MyISAM Specific options

# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while

# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.

# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created

# through the key cache (which is slower).

myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G

# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger

# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the

# key cache method. This is mainly used to force long character keys in

# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.

myisam_sort_buffer_size=68M

# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.

# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory

# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you‘re not using

# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be

# used for internal temporary disk tables.

key_buffer_size=55M

# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.

# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.

read_buffer_size=64K

read_rnd_buffer_size=256K

# This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in

# REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE

# into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with

# large settings.

sort_buffer_size=256K

#*** INNODB Specific options ***

# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled

# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space

# and speed up some things.

#skip-innodb

# Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata

# information. If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will

# start to allocate it from the OS. As this is fast enough on most

# recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this

# value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=3M

# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the

# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are

# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small

# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the

# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and

# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2

# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log

# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as

# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed

# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large

# (even with long transactions).

innodb_log_buffer_size=2M

# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and

# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to

# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this

# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it

# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may

# cause paging in the operating system. Note that on 32bit systems you

# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not

# set it too high.

innodb_buffer_pool_size=106M

# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size

# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid

# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,

# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the

# recovery process.

innodb_log_file_size=53M

# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value

# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS

# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.

innodb_thread_concurrency=8

同时，我们在开始菜单的程序中也能看到已经安装好的程序了：

点击它，开始运行：

打开”计算机管理“可以看到MySQL的服务已启动：

同时在进程中也可以看到：

五、MySQL的卸载：

1、到控制面板里面先把mysql软件删除；

2、删除mysql的安装目录（如果在其他盘还有设置目录也要删除，空目录也要删除）；

3、删除注册表中的以下文件：（按"Win+R"键，输入regedit，进入注册表）：

• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/ControlSet001/Services/Eventlog/Applications/MySQL
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/ControlSet002/Services/Eventlog/Applications/MySQL
• HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/Eventlog/Applications/MySQL

有的话全部删除（技巧：用F3循环查找“mysql”）;

4、如果是windows 7 系统，还需要找到C:\ProgramData\MYSQL将其删除；如果是XP系统，删除找到C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\MYSQL

完成后即可再次安装，不需要重启系统。